Georg Friedrich Wreede or Georgius Fredericius Wreede (died on 29 February 1672) was governor of Dutch Mauritius from 1665 to 1672, with a break between 1668-1669.
Wreede was born around 1635 in Uetze near Hannover, in Germany. In 1659 he arrived at Cape of Good Hope as an employee of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, commonly abbreviated to VOC). He had been a student in Philology in Helmstedt and within four years of his arrival he had written a compendium using the Greek alphabet on Khoikhoi – then called Hottentot – consisting of sentences with Dutch translations.[1] The "list" was sent to Amsterdam, but never published and has disappeared.[2][3]: 273–274 Possibly it was sent to Hiob Ludolf, who was a famous linguist, and in contact with Nicolaes Witsen. Christian Juncker published Ludolf's biography with a list of Hottentots-Latin words.[4]
In 1660 he took part in an expedition to the Olifants River.[5][better source needed] In February 1665 he was sent by Zacharias Wagenaer on an expedition to look if Martin Vaz could be used by ships, and returned in May with charts.[6] The <i>Pimpel</i> went on to Mauritius and Wreede was appointed by the captain as the new governor.[7]: 138, 162 For three months the twelve men on the island had been without rice or brandy. In October 1668, the captain of the visiting <i>Poelsnip</i> using his discretion relieved Wreede of his duty following formal complaints by his men, and removed him from the island to be held accountable to the VOC for his actions.[8]: 23 Dirk Jansz Smient was appointed to replace him.
Wreede was sent to Saldanha Bay where the French East India Company had planned a base, after leaving Madagascar.[9] On 6 June 1669 Georg Wreede took command of the post and brought with him a carpenter. They erected a VOC monogram on each of the five islands in Saldanha Bay. A month later Wreede was transferred.[10] In October 1669 he was back on the island Mauritius.[11]: 2 [8]: 24
Wreede drowned in 1672 while sailing intoxicated.[8]: 26 [12]: 15 He was eventually replaced by Hubert Hugo.
In 1688 Olfert Dapper probably used Wreede's observations but did not mention his source.[13][14]: 161
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References
- ^ Hesseling, D.C. (1899). Het Afrikaansch [The Afrikaans] (in Dutch) (1st ed.). pp. 22–26. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ Goodwin, A. J. H. (1952). "Commentary on 'Jan van Riebeeck and the Hottentots'". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 7 (26). South African Archaeological Society: 86–91. doi:10.2307/3887454. JSTOR 3887454.
- ^ den Besten, Hans (2010). Huigen, Siegfried; de Jong, Jan L.; Kolfin, Elmer; et al. (eds.). "A badly harvested field: The growth of linguistic knowledge and the Dutch Cape colony until 1796". The Dutch Trading Companies as Knowledge Networks. Intersections – Interdisciplinary Studies in Early Modern Culture. 14. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill: 267–294. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004186590.i-448. ISBN 9789004186590. S2CID 161385081.
- ^ Juncker, Christian (1710). Commentarius De Vita, Scriptisque Ac Meritis Illustris Viri Iobi Ludolfi, Consiliarii Quondam Serenissimorum Saxoniae Ducum Intimi, Viri Per Eruditum Orbem Celeberrimi (in Latin). Leipzig and Frankfurt: Braun. OCLC 635203142. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "Opgeknapte gastehuis by Citrusdal-warmbron ingewy" [Renovated guest house at Citrusdal hot spring] (in Afrikaans). Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ de Wet, G. C. (2003). "Inventory of the archives of the Secretary, Council of Police, 1649 – 1795" (PDF). Cape Town Archives Repository. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) Archives (1901). Leibbrandt, H. C. V. (ed.). Journal, 1662–1670. Precis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope. Vol. 14. Cape Town: W. A. Richards & sons.
- ^ a b c Turton, Anthony (2009). "A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family – Our Story, Part A: Pre-1700". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.544.9959.
- ^ Theal, George MacCall (1897). History of South Africa Under the Administration of the Dutch East India Company, 1652 to 1795 (2nd ed.). London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. OCLC 25939696. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- ^ Leonard, Elmarie (n.d.). Athiros, Gabriel (ed.). "Route 27 West Coast South Africa". Avril Brand, South Africa West Coast. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ Hume, Julian; Winters, Ria (5 February 2015). "Captive birds on Dutch Mauritius: bad-tempered parrots, warty pigeons and notes on other native animals". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (6): 1–11. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1036750. S2CID 84473440. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ Pitot, Albert (2000) [1914]. "History". In Macmillan, Allister (ed.). Mauritius Illustrated: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial Facts, Figures, & Resources. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 11–70. ISBN 9788120615083. OCLC 47863322.
- ^ "Recommended Reading Books of the Early Cape". Archived from the original on 12 December 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ Parkington, John E. (2009) [Replaces cloth edition originally published in 1984]. "Soaqua and Bushmen: Hunters and Robbers". In Schrire, Carmel (ed.). Past and Present in Hunter Gatherer Studies (illustrated reprint ed.). Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. ISBN 9781598744576.
Further reading
- Moree, Perry J. (1998). A Concise History of Dutch Mauritius, 1598-1710: A Fruitful and Healthy Land. London: Kegan Paul International. ISBN 9780710306098.