To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
Languages
Recent
Show all languages
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

George Edwin Yates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gunner Yates
Member of the Australian Parliament
for Adelaide
In office
10 January 1914 – 13 December 1919
Preceded byErnest Roberts
Succeeded byReginald Blundell
In office
16 December 1922 – 19 December 1931
Preceded byReginald Blundell
Succeeded byFred Stacey
Personal details
Born
George Edwin Yates

(1871-05-14)14 May 1871
Staffordshire, England
Died16 July 1959(1959-07-16) (aged 88)
Prospect, South Australia
NationalityAustralian
Political partyAustralian Labor Party
Spouse(s)Eveline Beaton
Lillie Padget
Military service
AllegianceAustralia
Branch/serviceAustralian Imperial Force
Years of service1916–1919

George Edwin Yates (14 May 1871 – 16 July 1959), often referred to as Gunner Yates, was an Australian politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1914 to 1919 and from 1922 to 1931, representing the electorate of Adelaide.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/1
    Views:
    3 946 094
  • What is Dark Matter and Dark Energy?

Transcription

Matter as we know it: Atoms, stars and galaxies, planets and trees, rocks and us. This matter accounts for less than 5% of the known universe. About 25% is dark matter and 70% dark energy. Both of which are invisible. This is kind of strange, because it suggets, that everything, we experience is really only a tiny fraction of reality. But it gets worse, we really have no clue, what dark matter and energy are... or how they work. We are pretty sure, they exist. Then, so, what do we know? Dark matter is the stuff, that makes it possible for galaxies to exist. When we calculated, why the universe is structured the way it is, it quickly became clear that there's just not enough normal matter. The gravity of the visible matter is not strong enough to form galaxies and complex structures. The stars would more likely be scattered all over the place... ...and not form galaxies. So, we know there is something else inside and around them. Something, that doesn't emit or reflects light. Something dark. But beside, being able to calculate the existence of dark matter... ...we can see it. Kind of. Places with a high concentration of dark matter bend light passing nearby. So, we know there's something there, that interacts with gravity. Right know, we have more ideas about what dark energy is not, than what it is. We know dark matter is not just clouds of normal matter without stars, because it would emit particles we could detect. Dark matter is not anti-matter, because anti-matter produces unique gamma rays when it reacts with normal matter. Dark matter is also not made up of black holes. Very compact objects, that violently affect their surroundings, while dark matter seems to be scatted all over the place. Basically, we only know three thing for sure: 1. Something is out there. 2. It interacts with gravity. 3. There is a lot of it. Dark matter is probably made of a complicated exotic particle, that doesn't interact with the light and matter in the way we expect. But right now, we just don't know. Dark energy is even more strange and mysterious: We can't detect it; we can't measure it and we can't taste it. But we do see its' affects very clearly: In 1929, Edwin Hubble examined how the wavelength of light emitted by distant galaxies... shifts towards the red end to the electromagnetic spectrum, as it travels through space. He found that fainter, more distant galaxies, showed a large degree of redshift. Closer galaxies not so much. Hubble determinded that this was, because the universe itself is expanding. The redshift occurs, because the wavelengths of light are stretched as the universe expands. More recent discoveries have shown that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Before that, it was thought that the pull of gravity would cause the expansion to either slow down or even restract and collapse it on itself at some point. Space doesn't changes its properties as it expands. There's just more of it. Youth space is constantly created everywhere. Galaxies are tight bound clusters of stuff, held together by gravity. So, we don't experience this expansion in our daily lives, but we see it everywhere around us. Wherever there is empty space in the universe, more is forming every second. So, dark energy seems to be some kind of energy intrinsic to empty space. Energy, that is stronger than anything else we know and that keeps getting stronger as time passes by. Empty space has more energy than everything else in the universe combined. We have multiple ideas about what dark energy might be. One idea is that dark energy is not a thing, but just a property of space. Empty space is not nothing; it has it own energy. It can generate more space and is quite active. So, as the universe expands, it could be that just a more a more space appears to fill the gaps and this leads to a faster expanding universe. This idea is close to an idea, that Einstein had in 1917 of a concept of a cosmological constand. A force, that counteracted the force of gravity. The only problem is, that when we tried to calculate the amount of this energy, the result was so wrong and weird that it only added to the confusion. Another idea is that empty space is acually full of temporary, virtual particles that spontaneously and continually form from nothing and then disappear into nothing again. The energy from those particles could be dark energy. Or maybe dark energy is an unknown kind of dynamic energy fluid or field, which permeates the entire universe. But somehow has the opposite effect on the universe than normal energy and matter. But if it exists, we don't know how and where or how we could detect it. So, there are still a lot of questions to answer. Our theories about dark matter and dark energy are still just that: theories. On the one hand, this is kind of frustrating; On the other hand, this is frontier science, making it very exciting. It shows us that no matter, how much we feel we are on top of things, we are still very much apes with smartphones on a tiny fragile island in space, looking into the sky, wondering how our universe works. There is so much left to learn and that is awesome! [This video is supported by the "Australian Academy of Science", which promotes and supports excellence in science. Learn more about this topic and others like it at "nova.org.au". It was a blast to work with them. So, go check out their side. Our videos are also made possible by your support on "patreon.com". If you want to support us and become a part of the 'Kurzgesagt'-bird-army, check out our patreom page!]

Early life

Yates was born at Bradley in Staffordshire, England. He came to Australia at the age of seven and was educated at the Flinders Street School in Adelaide. He began working at the age of twelve in Weller's leather grindery in Rundle Street, then six months later began as a japanner at A. M. Simpson & Son, going on to work as a forwarding clerk, commercial traveller and shop assistant for the same firm.[1] In September 1911 he was selected as secretary to the Agricultural Implement Makers' Union and resigned from A. M. Simpson & Son after 27 years.[2] In the same month, he was elected as the first permanent secretary of the United Labor Party, serving until January 1914.[3][4]

First stint in parliament and war service

Yates in military uniform, c. 1919

He was elected to the House of Representatives at a 1914 by-election following the death of Labor MP Ernest Roberts.[5] He was an outspoken opponent of conscription during World War I, and in September 1916 voluntarily enlisted in the military while a sitting member of parliament.[6] He was re-elected unopposed at the 1917 election before leaving for war service in November 1918.[7][8] He served with the 50th Battery of the Australian Field Artillery in France in 1918.[9] He returned from France in February 1919; he would often be referred to as "Gunner Yates" thereafter.[10]

Five days after his return from World War I, he was arrested in Sydney by military police and charged with mutiny over a protest on the troopship Somali while in quarantine off Adelaide on their return. The arrest was the subject of controversy as he had been due to address a large audience at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens upon his return.[11][12] In March, he would be found guilty of conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline and having endeavoured to incite members of His Majesty's forces to mutiny and sentenced to 60 days detention.[13] He spent time in Darlinghurst Gaol and Fort Largs, and was made to undertake hard labour at the latter. His father, Edwin, died while he was in custody; he was permitted to attend the funeral. He was released from custody in May.[14][15] He was narrowly defeated by Nationalist candidate and Labor defector Reginald Blundell at the 1919 federal election.[16][17]

Second stint in parliament

Portrait by Vandyck Studios, Melbourne, c. 1920s

After his 1919 loss, he returned to his former role of state secretary of the Labor Party.[18] He won back his old seat in a three-cornered race against Blundell and a Liberal candidate at the 1922 election.[19] He was re-elected in 1925, 1928 and 1929.[20] Yates advocated the adoption of Song of Australia as the Australian national anthem, and once sang it in parliament in an attempt to prove its appropriateness for the setting.[21] In 1929, he endorsed and campaigned for independent Labor candidate Stanley Whitford for the Legislative Council against endorsed Labor candidate Doug Bardolph after a contentious preselection.[22] He was defeated at the 1931 election by Nationalist candidate Fred Stacey.[19]

Post-federal politics

After his federal defeat, he was selected as one of two official Labor candidates for the South Australian Legislative Council seat of Central No. 1 Province at the 1933 election, held in the fallout of the 1931 Labor split. He was defeated for the second seat by Parliamentary Labor Party incumbent Stanley Whitford amidst some controversy over the system of preferential voting being used at the election.[23][24][25] He nominated for preselection in Adelaide at the 1934 federal election, but lost to Ken Bardolph; he initially threatened to contest the seat as an independent in protest at alleged irregularities in the vote, but later withdrew.[26][27][28] He unsuccessfully contested Boothby at the 1940 federal election, having stood aside in his old seat of Adelaide for former Labor leader Edgar Dawes.[21][29]

He resigned from the Labor Party in 1941 in protest at "admitted malpractices", though he stated that his political convictions had not changed.[30] In 1943, he was working as a munitions worker. He was an independent candidate at the 1943 federal election on a platform of alternative funding for the war effort, and for the Central District No. 1 in the Legislative Council at the 1947 state election.[20][30] In 1949, at the age of 78, he made a final and unsuccessful bid for office as an ungrouped candidate for the Australian Senate at the 1949 federal election, campaigning on a platform focusing on defence issues.[31]

References

  1. ^ "The Adelaide Vacancy". The Journal. Vol. 48, no. 13284. Adelaide. 9 December 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. ^ "Personal". The Daily Herald. Vol. 2, no. 473. Adelaide. 9 September 1911. p. 8. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ "Labor's Parliament". The Daily Herald. Vol. 2, no. 478. Adelaide. 15 September 1911. p. 3. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "Labor party secretary". The Express and Telegraph. Vol. 51, no. 15, 116 (4 o'clock ed.). South Australia. 9 January 1914. p. 6. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ "In Australia". The Barrier Miner. Vol. 29, no. 8797. New South Wales. 1 November 1916. p. 2. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "Representative Yates". The Daily Herald. Vol. 7, no. 2033. Adelaide. 25 September 1916. p. 5. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ "Australia's answer". The Advertiser. Vol. 59, no. 18, 272. Adelaide. 7 May 1917. p. 5. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ "Representative Yates". The Daily Herald. Vol. 8, no. 2458. Adelaide. 5 February 1918. p. 7. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "Labor Representative Gunner Yates". The Daily Herald. Vol. 9, no. 2707. Adelaide. 22 November 1918. p. 3. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "Gunner Yates arrives home". The Daily Herald. Vol. 9, no. 2769. Adelaide. 4 February 1919. p. 2. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Arrest of Federal politician". Townsville Daily Bulletin. Vol. 35, no. 11387. Queensland, Australia. 10 February 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "Labor soldier-politician arrested". The Australian Worker. Vol. 28, no. 8. New South Wales, Australia. 20 February 1919. p. 4. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "Mutinous conduct". Sunday Times. No. 1105. Perth. 9 March 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Obituary". The Chronicle. Vol. 61, no. 3, 165. Adelaide. 19 April 1919. p. 18. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Gunner Yates released". The Express and Telegraph. Vol. 66, no. 16, 724 (5 o'clock ed.). South Australia. 5 May 1919. p. 2. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "House of Representatives". The Register. Vol. 84, no. 22, 808. Adelaide. 15 December 1919. p. 7. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "The elections". The Advertiser. Vol. 62, no. 19, 095. Adelaide. 25 December 1919. p. 4. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ "New Federal members". The Observer. Vol. 79, no. 5, 944. Adelaide. 30 December 1922. p. 34. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ a b "Declarations of Polls". The Observer. Vol. 79, no. 5, 944. Adelaide. 30 December 1922. p. 34. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. ^ a b "Mr Yates to contest Adelaide". The News. Vol. 41, no. 6, 218. Adelaide. 3 July 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ a b "Boothby Candidate, When M.H.R., Sang "Song Of Australia" in Federal House". The News. Vol. 35, no. 5, 350. Adelaide. 17 September 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ "Labor split". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 30 July 1929. p. 11. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "Messrs. Yates And Oates A.L.P. Candidates". The Chronicle. Vol. 75, no. 3, 977. Adelaide. 2 February 1933. p. 43. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ^ "'In for six years, perhaps 10'". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 14 April 1933. p. 9. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  25. ^ "Voting system 'absurd'". The News. Vol. 20, no. 3, 038. Adelaide. 13 April 1933. p. 7. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ^ "Mr K. E. Bardolph selected for Adelaide". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 6 August 1934. p. 9. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  27. ^ "Mr Yates' Election Surprise". The News. Vol. 23, no. 3, 451. Adelaide. 11 August 1934. p. 1. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  28. ^ "Mr Yates". The Chronicle. Vol. 77, no. 40, 157. Adelaide. 16 August 1934. p. 46. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  29. ^ "Endorsement of Labor candidates". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 12 August 1939. p. 24. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  30. ^ a b "Mr G. E. Yates at Prospect". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 28 February 1947. p. 6. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  31. ^ "No. 14 – Three ungrouped Senate aspirants". The News. Vol. 53, no. 8, 213. Adelaide. 1 December 1949. p. 7. Retrieved 21 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
Parliament of Australia
Preceded by Member for Adelaide
1914–1919
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member for Adelaide
1922–1931
Succeeded by
This page was last edited on 4 August 2021, at 18:57
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.