Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus[1][2] (died 217[2]) was a Roman nobleman of Syria who had an impressive military and political career.
Background and career
Although Alexianus was a Roman citizen who was born and raised in Emesa (modern Homs, Syria), little is known on his origins. It has been assumed that Alexianus was born in c. 155.[3] What is known about him is from surviving inscriptional and Roman historical evidence. Through marriage he was a relation to the Royal family of Emesa and the ruling Severan dynasty of the Roman Empire.
He was an Equestrian officer[4][2] serving as a praefectus and tribune in the Roman military, and then as a procurator of the food supply in Rome, being stationed in Ostia.[3]
Later he was promoted to the Senate by the Emperor Septimius Severus, his brother-in-law.[2] Having entered the Senate with the rank of Praetor in 194,[3] Alexianus was made Legatus in the Legio IV Flavia Felix[4] and later served as governor of Raetia,[2] which may be dated to 196/197.[3] During his proconsulship of Raetia, he dedicated an altar to the Emesene God Elagabalus.[4] The altar and its inscription, still intact, mentions him as a priest of the deified Emperor Titus.[3]
Alexianus served as consul in 200,[4] even perhaps as early as 198 or 199.[3] After his consulship, Alexianus was not appointed to further military or political positions, probably due to the enmity of the Praetorian prefect Gaius Fulvius Plautianus.[4] After the death of Plautianus in 205, Alexianus took part in Septimius Severus’ expedition in Britain where he acted as a Comes (Companion) to the emperor[2] from 208 until 211.[4]
Under Septimius Severus’ successor Caracalla, for two years Alexianus served as a Prefect of the Italian orphanages.[3] He served as a Legatus in Dalmatia in c. 214[4] and later as a Proconsul in Asia[2] and in Mesopotamia.[5] In 216–217, Alexianus became a comes to Caracalla on his campaign against the Parthian Empire.[4] He died from old age on his way to Cyprus, sent there by Caracalla in early 217 to act as an advisor to the Governor.[3]
Marriage and issue
Alexianus married the powerful, influential and rich Syrian noblewoman Julia Maesa,[4] the first daughter of Julius Bassianus, a high priest of the Temple of the Sun. The temple was dedicated to the Syrian Aramaic Sun God El-Gebal (counterpart to the Phoenician Baal) in Emesa. The younger sister of Maesa was Septimius Severus' empress Julia Domna,[2] who was the mother of the emperors Caracalla and Geta.
Maesa bore two distinguished daughters[2] to Alexianus who were born and raised in Syria:
- Julia Soaemias Bassiana (c. 180–222)
- Julia Avita Mamaea (after 180–235)
Among his grandchildren were the emperors Elagabalus and Severus Alexander.[5]
Severan dynasty family tree
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Notes:
Bibliography:
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References
- ^ AE 1962, 229
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hazel, Who's who in the Roman World, p. 34
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus" at Livius.org (last accessed 21 June 2020)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, p. 223
- ^ a b Julius Avitus’ article at ancient library Archived 2011-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
Sources
- A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, Routledge, 2002
- J. Hazel, Who's who in the Roman World, Psychology Press, 2002
- Julius Avitus’ article at ancient library
- Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus’ article at Livius.org Archived 2012-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- Julia Maesa’s article at Livius.org Archived 2014-11-22 at the Wayback Machine
This page was last edited on 13 December 2023, at 08:38