Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta

GSK3B

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes

1GNG, 1H8F, 1I09, 1J1B, 1J1C, 1O6K, 1O6L, 1O9U, 1PYX, 1Q3D, 1Q3W, 1Q41, 1Q4L, 1Q5K, 1R0E, 1UV5, 2JDO, 2JDR, 2JLD, 2O5K, 2OW3, 2UW9, 2X39, 2XH5, 3CQU, 3CQW, 3DU8, 3E87, 3E88, 3E8D, 3F7Z, 3F88, 3GB2, 3I4B, 3L1S, 3M1S, 3MV5, 3OW4, 3PUP, 3Q3B, 3QKK, 3SAY, 3SD0, 3ZDI, 3ZRK, 3ZRL, 3ZRM, 4ACC, 4ACD, 4ACG, 4ACH, 4AFJ, 4B7T, 4DIT, 4EKK, 4IQ6, 4J1R, 4J71, 4NM0, 4NM3, 4NM5, 4NM7, 4PTC, 4PTE, 4PTG, 5F94, 5F95, 5HLP, 5HLN

Identifiers

Aliases

GSK3B, Gsk3b, 7330414F15Rik, 8430431H08Rik, C86142, GSK-3, GSK-3beta, GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

External IDs

OMIM: 605004 MGI: 1861437 HomoloGene: 55629 GeneCards: GSK3B

EC number

2.7.11.1

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)^[1]

Band	3q13.33	Start	119,821,321 bp^[1]
Band	3q13.33	End	120,094,994 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)^[2]

Band	16\|16 B3	Start	37,909,363 bp^[2]
Band	16\|16 B3	End	38,066,446 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

Achilles tendon

sural nerve

ganglionic eminence

postcentral gyrus

superior frontal gyrus

corpus epididymis

islet of Langerhans

middle temporal gyrus

monocyte

blood

Top expressed in

spermatid

cumulus cell

ventromedial nucleus

lateral hypothalamus

mammillary body

retinal pigment epithelium

lateral geniculate nucleus

Region I of hippocampus proper

primary motor cortex

inferior colliculus

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	kinase activity ATP binding protein kinase activity protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding protein serine/threonine kinase activity transferase activity NF-kappaB binding tau-protein kinase activity protein binding nucleotide binding p53 binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding protease binding beta-catenin binding protein kinase binding dynactin binding tau protein binding
Cellular component	cytoplasm membrane mitochondrion nucleus centrosome plasma membrane cytosol beta-catenin destruction complex postsynapse Wnt signalosome nucleoplasm axon dendrite glutamatergic synapse
Biological process	rhythmic process negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development negative regulation of protein binding negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity glycogen metabolic process superior temporal gyrus development negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of protein export from nucleus positive regulation of GTPase activity protein autophosphorylation cell differentiation negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus phosphorylation positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion nervous system development dopamine receptor signaling pathway epithelial to mesenchymal transition peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly positive regulation of neuron death negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process multicellular organism development regulation of cellular response to heat negative regulation of signal transduction hippocampus development beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process Wnt signaling pathway beta-catenin destruction complex assembly protein phosphorylation positive regulation of mitochondrion organization intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of protein catabolic process negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation ER overload response circadian rhythm peptidyl-serine phosphorylation positive regulation of protein binding positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of microtubule-based process cellular response to interleukin-3 negative regulation of apoptotic process canonical Wnt signaling pathway extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway carbohydrate metabolic process neuron projection development negative regulation of neuron death positive regulation of gene expression establishment of cell polarity maintenance of cell polarity regulation of axon extension negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity regulation of dendrite morphogenesis regulation of axonogenesis excitatory postsynaptic potential regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway neuron projection retraction negative regulation of protein acetylation cellular response to amyloid-beta positive regulation of protein localization to centrosome regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis neuron projection organization positive regulation of autophagy regulation of circadian rhythm regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosome
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


2932


56637

Ensembl


ENSG00000082701


ENSMUSG00000022812

UniProt


P49841


Q9WV60

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001146156 NM_002093 NM_001354596


NM_019827 NM_001347232

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001139628 NP_002084 NP_001341525


NP_001334161 NP_062801

Location (UCSC)

Chr 3: 119.82 – 120.09 Mb

Chr 16: 37.91 – 38.07 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, (GSK-3 beta), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSK3B gene.^[5]^[6] In mice, the enzyme is encoded by the Gsk3b gene.^[7] Abnormal regulation and expression of GSK-3 beta is associated with an increased susceptibility towards bipolar disorder.^[8]

Function

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that was initially identified as a phosphorylating and an inactivating agent of glycogen synthase. Two isoforms, alpha (GSK3A) and beta, show a high degree of amino acid homology.^[5] GSK3B is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation.^[9]^[10] It might be a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

Disease relevance

Homozygous disruption of the Gsk3b locus in mice results in embryonic lethality during mid-gestation.^[7] This lethality phenotype could be rescued by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor.^[7]

Two SNPs at this gene, rs334558 (-50T/C) and rs3755557 (-1727A/T), are associated with efficacy of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder.^[11]

Signaling pathways

Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 restores GSK-3 beta activity and protein synthesis levels in a model of tuberous sclerosis.^[12]

Interactions

GSK3B has been shown to interact with:

KIAA1211L^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000082701 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022812 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b Stambolic V, Woodgett JR (November 1994). "Mitogen inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in intact cells via serine 9 phosphorylation". The Biochemical Journal. 303 (Pt 3): 701–4. doi:10.1042/bj3030701. PMC 1137602. PMID 7980435.
^ Lau KF, Miller CC, Anderton BH, Shaw PC (September 1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoter". Genomics. 60 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5875. PMID 10486203.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hoeflich KP, Luo J, Rubie EA, Tsao MS, Jin O, Woodgett JR (July 2000). "Requirement for glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in cell survival and NF-kappaB activation". Nature. 406 (6791): 86–90. Bibcode:2000Natur.406...86H. doi:10.1038/35017574. PMID 10894547. S2CID 205007364.
^ Luykx JJ, Boks MP, Terwindt AP, Bakker S, Kahn RS, Ophoff RA (June 2010). "The involvement of GSK3beta in bipolar disorder: integrating evidence from multiple types of genetic studies". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 20 (6): 357–68. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.02.008. PMID 20226637. S2CID 43214075.
^ Plyte SE, Hughes K, Nikolakaki E, Pulverer BJ, Woodgett JR (December 1992). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3: functions in oncogenesis and development". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 1114 (2–3): 147–62. doi:10.1016/0304-419X(92)90012-N. PMID 1333807.
^ "Entrez Gene: GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta".
^ Iwahashi K, Nishizawa D, Narita S, Numajiri M, Murayama O, Yoshihara E, et al. (2013). "Haplotype analysis of GSK-3β gene polymorphisms in bipolar disorder lithium responders and nonresponders". Clinical Neuropharmacology. 37 (4): 108–10. doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000039. PMC 4206383. PMID 24992082.
^ Pal R, Bondar VV, Adamski CJ, Rodney GG, Sardiello M (June 2017). "Inhibition of ERK1/2 Restores GSK3β Activity and Protein Synthesis Levels in a Model of Tuberous Sclerosis". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 4174. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.4174P. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04528-5. PMC 5482840. PMID 28646232.
^ EMBL-EBI. "EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-26. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
^ ^a ^b Tanji C, Yamamoto H, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Kikuchi K, Kikuchi A (October 2002). "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent inhibition of GSK-3beta". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (40): 36955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206210200. PMID 12147701.
^ ^a ^b Mak BC, Takemaru K, Kenerson HL, Moon RT, Yeung RS (February 2003). "The tuberin-hamartin complex negatively regulates beta-catenin signaling activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (8): 5947–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200473200. PMID 12511557.
^ Nakamura T, Hamada F, Ishidate T, Anai K, Kawahara K, Toyoshima K, et al. (June 1998). "Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, GSK-3beta and APC and reduces the beta-catenin level". Genes to Cells. 3 (6): 395–403. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00198.x. PMID 9734785. S2CID 10875463.
^ von Kries JP, Winbeck G, Asbrand C, Schwarz-Romond T, Sochnikova N, Dell'Oro A, et al. (September 2000). "Hot spots in beta-catenin for interactions with LEF-1, conductin and APC". Nature Structural Biology. 7 (9): 800–7. doi:10.1038/79039. PMID 10966653. S2CID 40432152.
^ Schwarz-Romond T, Asbrand C, Bakkers J, Kühl M, Schaeffer HJ, Huelsken J, et al. (August 2002). "The ankyrin repeat protein Diversin recruits Casein kinase Iepsilon to the beta-catenin degradation complex and acts in both canonical Wnt and Wnt/JNK signaling". Genes & Development. 16 (16): 2073–84. doi:10.1101/gad.230402. PMC 186448. PMID 12183362.
^ Wang L, Lin HK, Hu YC, Xie S, Yang L, Chang C (July 2004). "Suppression of androgen receptor-mediated transactivation and cell growth by the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in prostate cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (31): 32444–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M313963200. PMID 15178691.
^ Davies G, Jiang WG, Mason MD (April 2001). "The interaction between beta-catenin, GSK3beta and APC after motogen induced cell-cell dissociation, and their involvement in signal transduction pathways in prostate cancer". International Journal of Oncology. 18 (4): 843–7. doi:10.3892/ijo.18.4.843. PMID 11251183.
^ Kishida S, Yamamoto H, Hino S, Ikeda S, Kishida M, Kikuchi A (June 1999). "DIX domains of Dvl and axin are necessary for protein interactions and their ability to regulate beta-catenin stability". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (6): 4414–22. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.6.4414. PMC 104400. PMID 10330181.
^ Hong YR, Chen CH, Cheng DS, Howng SL, Chow CC (August 1998). "Human dynamin-like protein interacts with the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 249 (3): 697–703. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9253. PMID 9731200.
^ Wu X, Shen QT, Oristian DS, Lu CP, Zheng Q, Wang HW, et al. (February 2011). "Skin stem cells orchestrate directional migration by regulating microtubule-ACF7 connections through GSK3β". Cell. 144 (3): 341–52. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.033. PMC 3050560. PMID 21295697.
^ Li Y, Bharti A, Chen D, Gong J, Kufe D (December 1998). "Interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta with the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (12): 7216–24. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.12.7216. PMC 109303. PMID 9819408.
^ Li Y, Kuwahara H, Ren J, Wen G, Kufe D (March 2001). "The c-Src tyrosine kinase regulates signaling of the human DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen with GSK3 beta and beta-catenin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (9): 6061–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000754200. PMID 11152665.
^ Guo X, Ramirez A, Waddell DS, Li Z, Liu X, Wang XF (January 2008). "Axin and GSK3- control Smad3 protein stability and modulate TGF- signaling". Genes & Development. 22 (1): 106–20. doi:10.1101/gad.1590908. PMC 2151009. PMID 18172167.
^ Foltz DR, Santiago MC, Berechid BE, Nye JS (June 2002). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta modulates notch signaling and stability". Current Biology. 12 (12): 1006–11. Bibcode:2002CBio...12.1006F. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00888-6. PMID 12123574. S2CID 15884556.
^ Espinosa L, Inglés-Esteve J, Aguilera C, Bigas A (August 2003). "Phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta down-regulates Notch activity, a link for Notch and Wnt pathways". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (34): 32227–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304001200. PMID 12794074.
^ Watcharasit P, Bijur GN, Zmijewski JW, Song L, Zmijewska A, Chen X, et al. (June 2002). "Direct, activating interaction between glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and p53 after DNA damage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (12): 7951–5. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.7951W. doi:10.1073/pnas.122062299. PMC 123001. PMID 12048243.
^ Dai F, Yu L, He H, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Y, et al. (May 2002). "Human serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-like kinase (SGKL) phosphorylates glycogen syntheses kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) at serine-9 through direct interaction". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 293 (4): 1191–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00349-2. PMID 12054501.
^ Inoki K, Ouyang H, Zhu T, Lindvall C, Wang Y, Zhang X, et al. (September 2006). "TSC2 integrates Wnt and energy signals via a coordinated phosphorylation by AMPK and GSK3 to regulate cell growth". Cell. 126 (5): 955–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.055. PMID 16959574. S2CID 16047397.

External links

PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B)

PDB gallery

1gng: GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3 BETA (GSK3) COMPLEX WITH FRATTIDE PEPTIDE
1h8f: GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 BETA.
1i09: STRUCTURE OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3 (GSK3B)
1j1b: Binary complex structure of human tau protein kinase I with AMPPNP
1j1c: Binary complex structure of human tau protein kinase I with ADP
1o9u: GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 BETA COMPLEXED WITH AXIN PEPTIDE
1pyx: GSK-3 Beta complexed with AMP-PNP
1q3d: GSK-3 Beta complexed with Staurosporine
1q3w: GSK-3 Beta complexed with Alsterpaullone
1q41: GSK-3 Beta complexed with Indirubin-3'-monoxime
1q4l: GSK-3 Beta complexed with Inhibitor I-5
1q5k: crystal structure of Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in complexed with inhibitor
1r0e: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in complex with 3-indolyl-4-arylmaleimide inhibitor
1uv5: GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 BETA COMPLEXED WITH 6-BROMOINDIRUBIN-3'-OXIME

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11-12)

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1 LATS2 MAST1 MAST2 STK38 STK38L CIT ROCK1 SGK SGK2 SGK3 Protein kinase B AKT1 AKT2 AKT3 Ataxia telangiectasia mutated mTOR EIF-2 kinases PKR HRI EIF2AK3 EIF2AK4 Wee1 WEE1
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1 PDK2 PDK3 PDK4
Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase α PRKAA1 PRKAA2 β PRKAB1 PRKAB2 γ PRKAG1 PRKAG2 PRKAG3
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK BCKDHA BCKDHB
(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2 IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G
(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4
Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase Aurora A kinase Aurora B kinase Aurora C kinase
Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK STK10
Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-
IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK IKK2 TBK1 IKBKE IKBKG IKBKAP
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A PRKACG PRKACB PRKACA PRKY
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G PRKG1
Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C Protein kinase Cζ PKC alpha PRKCB1 PRKCD PRKCE PRKCH PRKCG PRKCI PRKCQ Protein kinase N1 PKN2 PKN3
Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase
Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2
G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4 GRK5 GRK6
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2 CAMK1 CAMK1A CAMK1B CAMK1D CAMK1G CAMK2 CAMK2A CAMK2B CAMK2D CAMK2G CAMK4 MLCK CASK CHEK1 CHEK2 DAPK1 DAPK2 DAPK3 STK11 MAPKAPK2 MAPKAPK3 MAPKAPK5 MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 MELK MKNK1 MKNK2 NUAK1 NUAK2 OBSCN PASK PHKG1 PHKG2 PIM1 PIM2 PKD1 PRKD2 PRKD3 PSKH1 SNF1LK2 KIAA0999 STK40 SNF1LK SNRK SPEG TSSK2 Kalirin TRIB1 TRIB2 TRIB3 TRIO Titin DCLK1
Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK MYLK2 MYLK3 MYLK4
Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1 PHKA2 PHKB PHKG1 PHKG2
Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K STK19
Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4
Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1 CDK2 CDKL2 CDK3 CDK4 CDK5 CDKL5 CDK6 CDK7 CDK8 CDK9 CDK10 CDK12 CDC2L5 PCTK1 PCTK2 PCTK3 PFTK1 CDC2L1
(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5 RPS6KA4 P70S6 kinase P70-S6 Kinase 1 RPS6KB2 RPS6KA2 RPS6KA3 RPS6KA1 RPS6KC1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated MAPK1 MAPK3 MAPK4 MAPK6 MAPK7 MAPK12 MAPK15 C-Jun N-terminal MAPK8 MAPK9 MAPK10 P38 mitogen-activated protein MAPK11 MAPK13 MAPK14
MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases MAP3K1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 MAP3K6 MAP3K7 MAP3K8 RAFs ARAF BRAF KSR1 KSR2 MLKs MAP3K12 MAP3K13 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 MAP3K7 ZAK CDC7 MAP3K14
Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1 TTK GSK-3
(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-
Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-
Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors BMPR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B BMPR2 ACVR1 ACVR1B ACVR1C ACVR2A ACVR2B ACVRL1 Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K	MAP2K1 MAP2K2 MAP2K3 MAP2K4 MAP2K5 MAP2K6 MAP2K7

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

This page was last edited on 31 March 2024, at 09:28

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