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H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GAR1gene.[5][6]
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mRNA Translation (Advanced)
Transcription
The job of this mRNA is to carry the
gene's message from the DNA out of
the nucleus to a ribosome for production of
the particular protein that this gene codes for.
There can be several million ribosomes in
a typical eukaryotic cell.
These complex catalytic machines
use the mRNA copy of the genetic
information to assemble amino
acid building blocks into the
three-dimensional proteins
that are essential for life.
Let's see how it works.
The ribosome is composed of one large and one small
sub unit that assemble around the messenger RNA,
which then passes through the
ribosome like a computer tape.
The amino acid building blocks, that's
the small glowing red molecules,
are carried into the ribosome
attached to specific transfer RNAs;
that's the larger green molecules
also referred to as tRNA.
The small sub unit of the ribosome
positions the mRNA so that it
can be read in groups of three
letters known as a codon.
Each codon on the mRNA matches a
corresponding anti-codon on the base
of a transfer RNA molecule.
The larger sub unit of the ribosome removes
each amino acid and joins it onto
the growing protein chain.
As the mRNA is ratcheted through the
ribosome, the mRNA sequence is
translated into an amino acid sequence.
There are three locations inside the
ribosome designated the A-Site, the
P-Site, and the E-Site.
The addition of each amino
acid is a three-step cycle;
first the tRNA enters the ribosome
at the A-Site, and is tested for
a codon / anti-codon match with the mRNA.
Next, provided there is a correct match,
the tRNA is shifted to the P-Site,
and the amino acid carries is added to
the end of the amino acid chain.
The mRNA is also ratcheted on
three nucleotides, or one codon.
Thirdly, the spent tRNA is moved to the
E-Site, and then ejected from the
ribosome to be recycled.
As the protein synthesis precedes, the
finished chain emerges from the ribosome;
it folds up into a precise shape, determined
by the exact order of amino acids.
Thus the central dogma explains how the four-letter DNA
code is, quite literally, turned into flesh and blood.
Function
This gene is a member of the H/ACA snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins) gene family. snoRNPs are involved in various aspects of rRNA processing and modification and have been classified into two families: C/D and H/ACA. The H/ACA snoRNPs also include the DKC1, NOLA2 and NOLA3 proteins. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins localize to the dense fibrillar components of nucleoli and to coiled (Cajal) bodies in the nucleus. Both 18S rRNA production and rRNA pseudouridylation are impaired if any one of the four proteins is depleted. These four H/ACA snoRNP proteins are also components of the telomerase complex. The encoded protein of this gene contains two glycine- and arginine-rich domains and is related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gar1p. Two splice variants have been found for this gene.[6]
Interactions
Nucleolar protein, member A1 has been shown to interact with SMN1.[7]
Fujii Y, Zhao FX, Fu SC, Nakai N, Lai CY (1992). "Stable preparation of aldose reductase isoenzymes from human placenta". Protein Expr. Purif. 2 (5–6): 420–5. doi:10.1016/1046-5928(91)90103-P. PMID1821816.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID16189514. S2CID4427026.
This page was last edited on 6 April 2024, at 23:29