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Fu'an dialect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fu'an
Native toSouthern China
RegionNingde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong, Fujian province
Early forms
Chinese characters
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
ISO 639-6fuua
GlottologNone
Linguasphere79-AAA-ibc

The Fu'an dialect (福安話) is a dialect of Eastern Min, which is a branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the eastern part of Fujian Province, China.

The Fu'an dialect covers two city and three counties: Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong County.

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Transcription

Phonology

The Fu'an dialect has 18 initials, 50 rimes and 7 tones.

Initials

Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ʔ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative (β) (f) θ (ʒ) (ç) x
Affricate ts tsʰ
Lateral l
Approximant j ɰ

Rimes

Open syllable i u e ɛ ø œ o ɔ a
ui ei ɔi ai
uai
iu eu ɛu ou au
iau
Nasal coda iŋ
(in, im)		 uŋ
(un, um)		 øŋ
(øn, øm)		 œŋ
(œn, œm)		 aŋ
(an, am)
ioŋ
(ion, iom)		 iaŋ
(ian, iam)
uaŋ
(uan, uam)
ɛŋ
(ɛn, ɛm)		 ouŋ
(oun, oum)		 ɔuŋ
(ɔun, ɔum)
Glottal coda iʔ uʔ øʔ œʔ oʔ ɔʔ aʔ
ioʔ iaʔ
uaʔ
eiʔ ɛiʔ ouʔ ɔuʔ
Nasal m̝ n̝ ŋ̍ hŋ̍

Tones

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tone name dark level
陰平 		light level
陽平 		rising
上聲 		dark departing
陰去 		light departing
陽去 		dark entering
陰入 		light entering
陽入
Tone contour ˧˧˨ 332 ˨ 22 ˦˨ 42 ˧˥ 35 ˨˧ 23 ˥ 5 ˨ 2

Perseverative assimilation

The Coda of the Former Syllable The initial assimilation of the Latter Syllable
Null coda
  • /k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to null initial;
  • /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to null initial, /l/ or /ʒ/.
coda /-ŋ/
  • /t/, /tʰ/ change to /n/;
  • /p/, /pʰ/ change to /m/;
  • /k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to /ŋ/;
  • /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to /ŋ/, /n/ or /ʒ/.
coda /-k̚/
  • /t/, /tʰ/ change to /l/;
  • /k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to null initial;
  • /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to null initial, /l/ or /ʒ/.

Anticipatory assimilation

Tone sandhi

The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):

dark level
332 		light level
22 		rising
42 		dark departing
35 		light departing
23 		dark entering
5 		light entering
2
dark level
332 		55 55 44 44
light level
22 		332 35+42 55 44 44
rising
42 		23+332 35+42 55 44 44
dark departing
35 		55 55 44 44
light departing
23 		55 55 44 44
dark entering
5 		55 55 44 44
light entering
2 		35+5 55 44 44

Notes

  1. ^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
  2. ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
This page was last edited on 1 April 2024, at 13:12
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