Forst (Lausitz)

Forst (Lausitz) Baršć (Łužyca)
Town
From top: water tower St Nicholas' Church church in Naundorf (Glinsk) Ostdeutscher Rosengarten Forst (Lausitz) station view from St Nicholas' Church
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Forst (Lausitz) within Spree-Neiße district
Forst (Lausitz) Show map of Germany Forst (Lausitz) Show map of Brandenburg
Coordinates: 51°44′N 14°38′E / 51.733°N 14.633°E / 51.733; 14.633
Country	Germany
State	Brandenburg
District	Spree-Neiße
Government
• Mayor (2018–26)	Simone Taubenek^[1]
Area
• Total	109.91 km² (42.44 sq mi)
Elevation	72 m (236 ft)
Population (2021-12-31)^[2]
• Total	17,545
• Density	160/km² (410/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	03141–03149
Dialling codes	03562
Vehicle registration	SPN
Website	www.forst-lausitz.de

Forst (Lausitz) (German) or Baršć (Łužyca) (Lower Sorbian, pronounced [ˈbarɕtɕ ˈwuʒɨtsa]) is a town in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. It lies east of Cottbus, on the Lusatian Neisse river which is also the German-Polish border. It is the capital of the Spree-Neiße district. It is known for its rose garden and textile museum. The town's population is 18,651. In Forst, there is a railway bridge across the Neiße belonging to the line Cottbus–Żary which is serviced by regional trains and a EuroCity train between Hamburg and Kraków (2011). There is also a road bridge across the river north of Forst.

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Incorporated villages

Forst (Lausitz) – Baršć (Łužyca)
- Domsdorf – Domašojce
- Eigene Scholle – Swójske Grunty
- Eulo – Wiłow
- Försterei Keune – Gólnikaŕnja Chójna
- Keune – Chójna
- Mexiko
- Noßdorf – Nosydłojce
Bohrau – Bórow
Briesnig – Rjasnik
Groß Bademeusel – Wjelike Bóžemysle
Groß Jamno – Jamne
Horno – Rogow
Klein Bademeusel – Małe Bóžemysle
- Försterei Bademeusel – Bóžemyslańska Gólnikaŕnja
Klein Jamno – Małe Jamne
Mulknitz – Małksa
Naundorf – Glinsk
- Neu Sacro – Nowy Zakrjow
Sacro – Zakrjow

History

A short distance to the south of the old Sorbian village of Altforst, the town probably originated around 1150 at a river crossing point on the important west–east trade route. Known as the "Salt Road", it was used to transport salt from Halle to Lusatia and further east to Poland.^[3] By 1265 it was developing into a permanent trading settlement round the Church of St Nicholas. The commercial importance of Forst increased with the development of a north–south route connecting to Guben, downstream along the Neisse River. In the fourteenth century the council was able to take on responsibility for the lower courts locally. In 1352 of Ileburg took over the overlordship of Forst from Frederick III of Meissen. At various times the town was under the suzerainty of Bohemian, Hungarian, Saxon and Polish monarchs. In 1628, clothiers from Leszno, Międzyrzecz and Wschowa in Poland settled in the town.^[4] In 1746, it was purchased by Heinrich von Brühl, minister of Augustus III of Poland.^[4] In 1749, a new postal route was established from Warsaw and Poznań to Dresden, which led through the town.^[5]

Forst was awarded to the Kingdom of Prussia in the 1815 Congress of Vienna.^[4] The town was administered as a part of the Province of Brandenburg from 1815 to 1947. During World War II, in 1942–1943, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Jewish men in the town.^[6] After the war it became part of the State of Brandenburg, which became one of the constituent parts of the German Democratic Republic in 1949. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the East German Bezirk Cottbus. Since German reunification in 1990, it is again part of Brandenburg.

Forst has experienced severe problems as a result of the 1990 German reunification, most notably from extreme unemployment. In the past, the town was known for textile manufacturing, but all of the textile plants and factories have closed down.

Demography

Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communist East Germany)
Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)

Forst (Lausitz): Population development
within the current boundaries (2020)^[7]

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1875	19,084	—
1890	27,494	+2.46%
1910	31,594	+0.70%
1925	32,977	+0.29%
1939	36,771	+0.78%
1950	33,339	−0.89%
1964	32,342	−0.22%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1971	31,471	−0.39%
1981	28,870	−0.86%
1985	28,031	−0.73%
1990	27,214	−0.59%
1995	25,701	−1.14%
2000	24,309	−1.11%
2005	22,391	−1.63%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
2010	20,618	−1.64%
2015	18,773	−1.86%
2016	18,651	−0.65%
2017	18,353	−1.60%
2018	18,164	−1.03%
2019	17,902	−1.44%
2020	17,691	−1.18%

Notable people

Hugo Baum (1867–1950), botanist
Georg Thomas (1890–1946), general of infantry
Bruno Kastner (1890–1932), film and stage actor
Max Seydewitz (1892–1987), politician (SPD, SED)
Brigitte Frank, née Herbst (1895–1959), wife of Hans Frank
Erich Neumann (1892–1948), politician (NSDAP)
Werner Heyde (1902–1964), psychiatrist, involved in the T 4 program
Georg Bose (1921–2011), German officer during World War II
Günter Nooke (born 1959), politician (CDU)
Dietmar Woidke (born 1961), politician (SPD)
René Rydlewicz (born 1973), footballer
Ronny Scholz (born 1978), cyclist

References

^ Landkreis Spree-Neiße Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters, accessed 2 July 2021.
^ "Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Flächen der kreisfreien Städte, Landkreise und Gemeinden im Land Brandenburg 2021" (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). June 2022.
^ Pieradzka, Krystyna (1949). "Związki handlowe Łużyc ze Śląskiem w dawnych wiekach". Sobótka (in Polish). Wrocław. IV (4): 90.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Chronik der Stadt Forst (Lausitz)". Stadt Forst (Lausitz) (in German). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
^ Rafał Zgorzelski. "Polska Poczta w dobie saskiej – panowanie Augusta III Wettina" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Forst (Lausitz)". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
^ Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons

External links

Media related to Forst (Lausitz) at Wikimedia Commons
Official website of Forst (Lausitz) (in German)
Forst's Rose Garden (in German)
"Forst" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
"Forst" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

v t e Towns and municipalities in Spree-Neiße
Briesen/Brjazyna Burg/Bórkowy Dissen-Striesow/Dešno-Strjažow Döbern Drachhausen/Hochoza Drebkau/Drjowk Drehnow/Drjenow Felixsee Forst Groß Schacksdorf-Simmersdorf Guben Guhrow/Góry Heinersbrück/Móst Jämlitz-Klein Düben Jänschwalde/Janšojce Kolkwitz/Gołkojce Neiße-Malxetal Neuhausen/Spree Peitz/Picnjo Schenkendöbern Schmogrow-Fehrow/Smogorjow-Prjawoz Spremberg/Grodk Tauer/Turjej Teichland/Gatojce Tschernitz Turnow-Preilack/Turnow-Pśiłuk Welzow/Wjelcej Werben/Wjerbno Wiesengrund/Łukojce