To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Fokker F27 Friendship

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

F27 Friendship
A F27 Friendship of the US Army Golden Knights
Role Regional airliner
National origin Netherlands
Manufacturer Fokker
First flight 24 November 1955
Introduction 19 November 1958
Status In service
Produced 1955–1987
Number built 586
Variants Fairchild F-27/FH-227
Developed into Fokker 50

The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner developed and manufactured by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It is the most numerous post-war aircraft manufactured in the Netherlands; the F27 was also one of the most successful European airliners of its era.

The F27 was developed during the early 1950s with the intent of producing a capable successor to the earlier piston engine-powered airliners that had become commonplace on the market, such as the Douglas DC-3. A key innovation of the F27 was the adoption of the Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engine, which produced substantially less vibration and noise which provided improved conditions for passengers; another major comfort feature was cabin pressurisation. Innovative manufacturing techniques were also employed in the aircraft's construction.

On 24 November 1955, the F27 made its maiden flight; on 19 November 1958, the type was introduced to revenue service. Shortly after its introduction, the F27 was recognised as being a commercial success. Under a licensing arrangement reached between Fokker and the U.S. aircraft manufacturer Fairchild, the F27 was manufactured in the United States by the latter; Fairchild went on to independently develop a stretched version of the airliner, which was designated as the Fairchild FH-227. During the 1980s, Fokker developed a modernised successor to the F27, the Fokker 50, which eventually replaced it in production.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    91 081
    80 964
    466
    8 508
    23 248
  • Fokker F.27 Friendship Promo Film - 1957
  • Fairchild F-27: Short documentary
  • Fokker F27 - airliner - HD
  • FAIRCHILD F-27 PROPJET / FOKKER F-27 FRIENDSHIP REPORT w/ ARTHUR GODFREY 64044
  • Cockpit Fokker Friendship F27 - 1969 (BXE)

Transcription

Design and development

Origins

Early concept art of the F27
The first F27 prototype, registration PH-NIV

In the aftermath of the Second World War, twin-engine all-metal monoplanes such as the successful Douglas DC-3 airliner dominated commuter aviation. Over 10,000 DC-3s had been manufactured during wartime, which led to the type being highly available and thus encouraging its adoption by hundreds of operators across the world.[1]

By the early 1950s, various aircraft manufacturers had begun considering the post-war requirements of the civil aviation market and several commenced work upon projects aiming to produce designs for new aircraft which would be viewed as best meeting these requirements; Dutch firm Fokker was amongst the companies pursuing development of such an aircraft.[1] By 1951, figures within Fokker were urging that design work be undertaken on a prospective 32-seat airliner intended as a direct replacement for the popular DC-3.[2] Fokker sought the opinions of existing DC-3 operators on what performance increases and refinements they would expect of a new model of commuter aircraft. On the basis of this feedback, the design team chose to incorporate various new technologies into the tentative design.[1]

Second F27 prototype under construction in 1956.

Fokker evaluated several potential configurations for the airliner, including the use of Wright Cyclone radial engines, before finally settling upon a high-wing aircraft, which was furnished with a pair of Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines and a pressurised cabin which contained a total of 28 passengers.[1] The Dart engine had already proven successful on the early models of the Vickers Viscount, while a high-mounted wing had been selected as it produced a higher lift coefficient than a lower counterpart, it also enabled easier ground loading due to a lower floor level and provided unfettered external views to passengers without any weight increase. In the aircraft's construction, Fokker used an innovative metal-to-metal bonding technique, Redux, resulting in a longer fatigue life, improved aerodynamics, and a lighter structure; Fokker became the first such company after de Havilland to employ such means.[1]

In 1953, the proposed airliner received the name Friendship.[1] A total of four prototypes were produced, two of these being flyable aircraft that were used for the test flight programme and were paid for by the Netherlands Institute of Aircraft Development; the other two prototypes were for static and fatigue testing.[2] On 24 November 1955, the first prototype, registered PH-NIV, performed its maiden flight.[2] The second prototype and initial production machines were 0.9 m (3 ft) longer than the first prototype in order to address a revealed tendency for slightly tail-heavy handling as well as to provide additional space for four more passengers, raising the maximum number of passengers which could be carried to 32. These aircraft were also powered by the Dart Mk 528 engine, which was capable of generating greater thrust.[citation needed]

Further development

Throughout the F27's production life, Fokker proceeded to adapt the design for various purposes and roles.[1] Via modifications such as the adoption of improved engines, rearranged loading doors, elongated fuselages, and other changes, several different models of the F27 were developed and made available for commercial operators. Several military transport models were also produced. Fokker also chose to design a dedicated model of the F27 for conducting maritime reconnaissance missions.[1]

During 1952, Fokker established a relationship with the US aircraft manufacturer Fairchild, which was interested in the upcoming F27.[1] In 1956, Fokker signed a licensing deal with Fairchild, under which the latter was authorised to manufacture the F27 in the USA. On 12 April 1958, the first American-built aircraft conducted its first flight.[1] Production of Fairchild built aircraft would continue until July 1973. Fairchild proceeded to independently develop a stretched version of the airliner, designated as the FH-227. The majority of sales completed by Fairchild fell within the North American market.[citation needed]

In the early 1980s, Fokker decided to develop a modernised successor to the F27 Friendship, designated as the F27 Mark 050 and marketed as the Fokker 50. Although originating from the F27-500 airframe, the Fokker 50 was virtually a new aircraft, complete with Pratt & Whitney Canada engines and modern systems, which led to its general performance and passenger comfort being noticeably improved over the F27.[3] The Fokker 50 ultimately replaced the F27 in production.[citation needed]

Operational history

Aer Lingus was the first airline to operate the F27 Friendship
Braathens SAFE F27-100 Friendship in August 1974
The Imperial Iranian Air Force acquired 19 Fokker F27-400M transport aircraft in 1972.

In November 1958, the first production aircraft, an F27-100 model, was delivered to Irish airline Aer Lingus; it performed its first revenue flight in the following month.[2][1] Other early customers of the Friendship included Braathens SAFE and Luxair in Europe; New Zealand National Airways Corporation; Trans Australia Airlines and its Australian competitors Ansett and East-West Airlines; and Turkish Airlines.[citation needed]

Initial sales for the type were slow, which led to Fokker seeking financial support from banks and from the Dutch government in order to maintain production of the airliner while more customers were sought.[1] In 1960, demand for the F27 increased rapidly as multiple airlines placed sizable orders for the type. This is in part due to the spreading reputation of the type, having been found by operators that, in comparison to its piston-engine wartime counterparts like the DC-3, the F27 possessed superior levels of efficiency, enabling faster flight times, greater passenger comfort and a higher level of reliability.[1]

In 1960, the base purchase price for an RDa.6-powered F27 was £239,000.[4] By the end of the production run for the Fokker F27 in 1987, a total of 592 units had been completed by Fokker (additionally, another 207 F-27s and FH-227s had been produced in the US by Fairchild), more than any other western European civil turboprop airliner at the time.[1][citation needed]

In later service, many aircraft have been modified from their original configurations for passenger service to perform cargo or express-package freighter duties instead. The last major cargo user of the F27 in the United States was FedEx Express, using it as a cargo "feeder" aircraft. These were retired and replaced by a mixture of ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft by the end of 2009, the last of these aircraft were subsequently donated to the Hickory Aviation Museum.[citation needed]

As of July 2010 a total of 65 F27s were in commercial service with almost 30 different airlines.[5] By July 2013, only 25 Friendships remained in service, operated by 13 different airlines; most of these were F27-500s, with two -400s and a solitary -600 series aircraft in service. Italian cargo airline MiniLiner operated six F27s and Air Panama had four in its fleet.[6] The United States Army Parachute Team has operated a single C-31A Troopship for conducting its skydiving exhibitions since 1985.[7][8] As of July 2018, 10 aircraft remain in service operated by 7 airlines.[9]

Variants

F27 200-MAR maritime reconnaissance aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Air Force
  • F27-100 - This was the first production model; 44 passengers.[citation needed]
  • F27-200 - It was powered by the more powerful Dart Mk 532 engine.[citation needed]
  • F27-300 Combiplane - A combined civil passenger/cargo aircraft.[citation needed]
  • F27-300M Troopship - Military transport version for Royal Netherlands Air Force.[citation needed]
  • F27-400 - "Combi" passenger/cargo aircraft, with two Rolls-Royce Dart 7 turboprop engines and large cargo door.[citation needed]
  • F27-400M - Military version for US Army with designation C-31A Troopship, still in use in 2018. Last retired September 2019. 85-01608 "Excalibur" transferred to Vliegend Nederlands Cultureel Erfgoed (Flying Dutch Cultural Heritage) based at Lelystad Airport (EHLE)[10] One C-31A auctioned in October 2019.[11]
  • F27-500 - equipped with a 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) longer fuselage, a return to the Dart Mk 528 engine, and accommodation for up to 52 passengers. It first flew in November 1967.[citation needed]
  • F27-500M - Military version of the -500.[citation needed]
  • F27-500F - A version of the -500 for Australia with smaller front and rear doors.[citation needed]
  • F27-600 - Quick change cargo/passenger version of -200 with large cargo door.[citation needed]
  • F27-700 - A F27-100 with a large cargo door.[citation needed]
  • F27 200-MAR - Unarmed maritime reconnaissance version.[citation needed]
  • F27 Maritime Enforcer - Armed maritime reconnaissance version.[citation needed]
  • F-27 - License-built version manufactured by Fairchild Hiller in the United States
  • FH-227 - Stretched version of the F-27, independently developed and manufactured by Fairchild Hiller in the United States

Operators

Map of F27 operators. Light blue indicates civilian use only. Dark blue indicates both civilian and military use. Red indicates military use only.

Accidents and incidents

Aircraft on display

Argentine Air Force F27 T-42
The first production Fokker F27 in NLM colours at an airshow in 2006
Argentina
Australia
  • 10132 – F27-109 is on static display at the South Australian Aviation Museum in Adelaide, South Australia. It was previously operated as VH-CAT by the CSIRO as an atmospheric research aircraft.[40][41]
  • 10315 – F27-600QC is on static display at the Queensland Air Museum at Caloundra Airport in Caloundra, Queensland. It was originally manufactured as an F27-400 and later redesignated as a -600QC. The aircraft was delivered new to Australia and spent most of its career operating for Ansett.[42]
  • 10596 - F27-500 was delivered airworthy to the Historical Aircraft Restoration Society, Illawarra Regional Airport, New South Wales on 26 February 2018. It had been operated by Airwork under contract to New Zealand Post.[43]

Finland

  • Finnish Air-Force 1st F27 "Ansa" is on static display at the Satakunta Air Command garrison in Pirkkala,[44] Finland. It was operated as FF-1 in the Finnish Air Force as both transport and signal reconnaissance plane. Prior military usage, the aircraft was operated briefly by Karair (later Finnair) as OH-KFA. The aircraft was initially operated by Iceland Air.[44]
Iceland
Indonesia
F27-400M of the Indonesian Air Force at Dirgantara Mandala Museum in Yogyakarta
Netherlands
  • 10102 – F27-100 is on static display at the Aviodrome in Lelystad. It was previously registered as PH-NVF, and is one of the prototype F27s, in whose colours it is painted.[50][51]
  • 10105 – F27-100 is also on static display at the Aviodrome. It was previously registered as PH-FHF, is the first production F27, and is painted in the colours of NLM CityHopper.[50][52][53]
  • 10449 – F27-500 is on static display at Fokker Logistics Park in Oude Meer. It was previously registered as N19XE and is painted as PH-NIV, the first prototype F27. It marks the former location of the Fokker factory at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.[54][55]
  • C-10 – F27-300M is on static display at the Militaire Luchtvaart Museum in Soesterberg, Utrecht.[56][57]
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
  • A Pakistan International Airlines Fokker F27-200 is on display just outside Chitral airport at Fokker F27 Friendship Restaurant. The aircraft AP-AUR was operating Flight PK660 and was landing at Chitral in 2004 when its brakes failed causing the aircraft to overrun.
Philippines
  • 59-0259 F27-200 Philippine Air Force which once served as the presidential plane of the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos, is now is on static display at the in People’s Park in Barangay E. Lopez ,Silay City, Negros Occidental. [64][65]
United Kingdom
  • 10196 – F27-200 is on static display at the City of Norwich Aviation Museum in Horsham, St Faith. It was previously operated as G-BHMY by Air UK.[66][67]
  • 10201 – F27-500 is on static display at the City of Norwich Aviation Museum. It was previously operated as G-BCDN by Air UK before being retired to the KLM UK Engineering Technical College at Norwich Airport.[68]
United States

Specifications (F.27)

F27-400M of Thai Navy in 2012.
F27 Rolls Royce Dart
Finnish Air Force F-27-400M at Joensuu Airport

Data from The Observers Book of Aircraft[71]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2 or 3
  • Capacity: 44-52 passengers
  • Length: 25.06 m (82 ft 3 in)
  • Wingspan: 29 m (95 ft 2 in)
  • Height: 8.71 m (28 ft 7 in)
  • Wing area: 70 m2 (750 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 11,204 kg (24,701 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 19,773 kg (43,592 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Dart Mk.532-7 two-stage centrifugal compressor turboprop, 1,678 kW (2,250 hp) each

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 460 km/h (290 mph, 250 kn)
  • Range: 2,600 km (1,600 mi, 1,400 nmi)
  • Rate of climb: 7.37 m/s (1,451 ft/min)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Significant Aircraft Profiles: F27 Fokker Friendship." Archived 2017-02-25 at the Wayback Machine South Australian Aviation Museum, Retrieved: 24 March 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d "Commercial Aircraft of the World..." Archived 2017-03-25 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 26 November 1964. p. 917.
  3. ^ Eriksson and Steenhuis 2015, p. 44.
  4. ^ "fokker - fairchild - 1960 - 2694". Flight International. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
  5. ^ "2010 World Airliner Census", p. 44.
  6. ^ "2013 World Airliner Census", p. 57.
  7. ^ "Aircraft". U.S. Army Parachute Team "Golden Knights". Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  8. ^ "Fokker C-31A Troopship, U.S. ARMY GOLDEN KNIGHTS' s aircraft landing." Archived 2017-04-07 at the Wayback Machine youtube.com, 25 Aug 2015.
  9. ^ "World Airline Census 2018". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  10. ^ "C-31A Troopship on goarmy.com". Archived from the original on 2018-12-20. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
  11. ^ "GSA Auctions, General Services Administration, Government Site for Auctions".
  12. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 100 PI-C501 Mactan Island-Chicago Naval Air Base (NOP)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
  13. ^ "Aviation-Safety.net". Archived from the original on 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  14. ^ "Átta létust í flugslysinu í Færeyjum". Tíminn (in Icelandic). 29 September 1970. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  15. ^ "Flugstjórinn og sjö farþegar létu lífið". Þjóðviljinn (in Icelandic). 29 September 1970. pp. 1, 9. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Sex Íslendingar meðal 34 um borð". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). 27 September 1970. p. 1. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  17. ^ "Who was behind hijacking of IA plane 'Ganga'?". Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
  18. ^ "Did India plant 1965 war plans?". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
  19. ^ "Hijack into terror". The Times of India. October 6, 2001. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  20. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  21. ^ "ASN Accident Description". Aviation Safety Network. 14 September 1978. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  22. ^ Accident description for S2-ABJ at the Aviation Safety Network
  23. ^ "AROUND THE WORLD; 49 Die in Bangladesh As Plane Plunges". The New York Times. 6 August 1984. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  24. ^ "Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group". Archived from the original on 2013-08-05. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  25. ^ Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988, Tom Cooper, Farzad Bishop, 2000 - pages-211
  26. ^ "XY-ADP Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  27. ^ "5820 Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  28. ^ "XY-AEL Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  29. ^ "CRASH OF AIRLINER IN BURMA KILLS 49, 14 FROM U.S." New York Times. 12 October 1987. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  30. ^ "The DayAfter: An International Illustrated News Magazine". Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  31. ^ "Air Disaster.com". Air Disaster.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2012-07-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  32. ^ Crossette, Barbara (1990-02-15). "NY Times". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
  33. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 500RF VT-EWE Baroda (Vadodara) Airport (BDQ)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  34. ^ "Article about TC-72". Diario Crónica, Comodoro Rivadavia. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26.
  35. ^ "MYANMAR GOVERNMENT REPORTS CRASH OF PASSENGER PLANE IN LAOS". AFP. 27 August 1998. Archived from the original on 22 June 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
  36. ^ "South Asia | No survivors in Pakistani crash". BBC News. 2006-07-10. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
  37. ^ Govindasamy, Siva (2009-04-07). "VIDEO: Indonesian military Fokker F-27 crashes in Bandung - Asian Skies". Flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
  38. ^ "detikNews : Korban Rumah Terbakar Akibat Fokker 27 Ngungsi ke Rumah Dinas TNI AU". News.detik.com. 2012-06-22. Archived from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
  39. ^ "A Cargo2Fly Fokker F-27 cargo aircraft sustained subsequent damage after it skidded off the runway and crashed into a standstill in South Sudan". 26 June 2022.
  40. ^ "FOKKER F27-109 FRIENDSHIP VH-CAT". South Australian Aviation Museum. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  41. ^ "Fokker F.27 Friendship VH-CAT". The Airways Museum & Civil Aviation Historical Society. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  42. ^ "Fokker F.27 Friendship Mk. 400 VH-FNQ c/n 10315". qam.com.au. Queensland Air Museum. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  43. ^ "A Fokker Friendly [sic] will be the new addition at Albion Park's Historical Aircraft Restoration Society". Illawarra Mercury. 26 February 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  44. ^ a b "Fokker-kuljetuskoneesta muistomerkki Satakunnan lennostoon -". Ilmavoimat (in Finnish). 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
  45. ^ Walton, John (25 September 2015). "Iceland's Aviation Museum Glows with History and Heritage". Airways. Airways International, Inc. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  46. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Fokker F-27-200-mar, c/n 10545, c/r TF-SYN". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  47. ^ "FOKKER -27 TNI AU UNTUK MUSPUSDIRLA". tni-au.mil.id (in Indonesian). 10 December 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  48. ^ "Fokker F-27 Troopship A-2707 Perkuat Etalase Museum Dirgantara Mandala". indomiliter.com (in Indonesian). 14 December 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  49. ^ "A-2707 - Fokker F27-400M Troopship - 10544 - JetPhotos". jetphotos.com. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  50. ^ a b "FOKKER F.27 FRIENDSHIP". Aviodrome (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  51. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Fokker F-27-100, c/n 10102, c/r PH-NVF". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  52. ^ Smith, Bob. "VH-NLS. Fokker F.27-1001. c/n 10105". AussieAirliners. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  53. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Fokker F-27-100, c/n 10105, c/r PH-FHF". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  54. ^ van Drunen, Mark; Beekmans, Rob. "THE STORY OF 10449, "THE GATEGUARD"". The Fokker Aircraft Page. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  55. ^ "FAA REGISTRY [N19XE]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  56. ^ "Fokker F27 aircraft carried to the museum by van der Vlist." Archived 2016-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Heavy Lift News, Retrieved: 24 Match 2017.
  57. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Fokker F-27-300M Troopship, s/n C-10 KLu, c/r PH-FBY". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  58. ^ "Fokker Friendship ZK-BXG". Ferrymead Aeronautical Society. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  59. ^ Smith, Bob. "VH-EWH. Fokker F.27-1020. c/n 10190". AussieAirliners. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  60. ^ "Aircraft ZK-BXH Data". Airport-Data.com. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  61. ^ Williams, Al (1 November 2012). "Final flight plain sailing for old bird". Stuff. Fairfax New Zealand Limited. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  62. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Fokker F27-100 Friendship, c/r ZK-BXI". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  63. ^ "ZK-BXI Air New Zealand". OneSpotter. flash. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  64. ^ Manila Bulletin https://mb.com.ph/2024/1/27/paf-turns-over-retired-fokker-f-27-friendship-aircraft-to-negros-oriental. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  65. ^ Philippine News Agency https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1217706. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  66. ^ "Fokker F27 Friendship Serial G-BHMY". City of Norwich Aviation Museum. GP Digital. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  67. ^ "Airframe Dossier - Fokker F-27, c/n 10196, c/r G-BHMY". Aerial Visuals. AerialVisuals.ca. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  68. ^ "Fokker F27 Friendship Serial G-BCDN". Air UK Reunion. Carl France. 2017-04-18. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  69. ^ "Fokker F27 "Friendship"." Archived 2017-03-25 at the Wayback Machine Hickory Aviation Museum, Retrieved: 24 Match 2017.
  70. ^ "FAA REGISTRY [N705FE]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  71. ^ Green, William. The Observers Book of Aircraft. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd, 1970. ISBN 0-7232-0087-4.

Bibliography

External links

This page was last edited on 26 February 2024, at 22:13
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.