Palladian architecture in Virginia
Monumental Church (1812-14) was designed by architect Robert Mills to commemorate the deaths of seventy-two persons, including Virginia Governor George William Smith, who perished in an 1811 fire that destroyed a theater on the site. Conceived as both an active church and commemorative monument, its dual role is expressed by a stone memorial portico and adjoining octagonal church. As an early example of Greek Revival styling, Monumental Church is derived from the work and ideas of numerous renowned designers, especially Benjamin H. Latrobe. Mills, however, an American-trained architect who explored progressive concepts such as fireproof-construction techniques, is credited with synthesizing contemporary architectural trends into buildings that have become identified with the Federal era. Although Monumental Church was altered and enlarged during the late nineteenth century, subsequent rehabilitations have restored its original appearance.