![Estimates of the number of microbial species present in the three domains of life. Bacteria are the oldest and most biodiverse group, followed by Archaea and Fungi (the most recent groups). In 1998, before awareness of the extent of microbial life had gotten underway, Robert M. May estimated there were 3 million species of living organisms on the planet. But in 2016, Locey and Lennon estimated the number of microorganism species could be as high as 1 trillion. May, R.M. (1988) "How many species are there on earth?". Science, 241(4872): 1441–1449. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. Locey, K.J. and Lennon, J.T. (2016) "Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(21): 5970–5975. doi:10.1073/pnas.1521291113.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Microbial_species_present_in_the_three_domains_of_life.png/800px-Microbial_species_present_in_the_three_domains_of_life.png)
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