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FTSE 100 Index

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

FTSE 100 Index
FTSE 100 Index from 1984 to 2023
Foundation3 January 1984
OperatorFTSE Russell
ExchangesLondon Stock Exchange
Trading symbol
  • UKX
Constituents100
TypeLarge-cap
Market cap£1.912 trillion (Jan 2024)
Weighting methodCapitalisation-weighted
Related indices
Websiteofficial website
Reuters.FTSE
BloombergUKX:IND

The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE, or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is a stock market index of 100 of the most highly capitalised blue chip companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.[1]

The index consists of 32 sectors, three of which have a market cap exceeding £200 billion as at 27 February 2024. These are pharmaceuticals, oil & gas and banking services, which together account for approximately 34% of the index's market cap.[2] At the same date there were four companies with a market cap exceeding £100 billion: Shell, AstraZeneca, HSBC and Unilever, which together account for approximately 25% of the market cap.[2]

Each calendar quarter, the FTSE's constituents are reviewed and some companies will either exit or enter the index, resulting in irregular trading volume and price changes as market participants rebalance their portfolios.[3]

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Transcription

Overview

The index has trading symbol UKX[1] and is maintained by FTSE Russell,[4] a wholly owned subsidiary of London Stock Exchange Group, which originated as a joint venture between the Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange. It is calculated in real time and published every second when the market is open.

The FTSE 100 Index with its 100 constituents[4] was launched on 3 January 1984.[4][3] The market capitalisation weighted FTSE 100 index replaced the price-weighted FT30 Index as the performance benchmark for most investors.[5]

The FTSE 100 broadly consists of the largest 100 qualifying UK companies by full market value.[6] The total market value of a company is calculated by multiplying the share price of the company by the total number of shares they have issued.[7] However, many of these are internationally focused companies: therefore the index's movements are a fairly weak indicator of how the UK economy is faring and are significantly affected by the exchange rates of the pound sterling.[8] A better indication of the UK economy is the FTSE 250 Index, as it contains a smaller proportion of international companies.[9]

Even though the FTSE All-Share Index is more comprehensive, the FTSE 100 is by far the most widely used UK stock market indicator. Other related indices are the FTSE 250 Index (which includes the next largest 250 companies after the FTSE 100), the FTSE 350 Index (which is the aggregation of the FTSE 100 and 250), FTSE SmallCap Index and the FTSE Fledgling Index. The FTSE All-Share aggregates the FTSE 100, FTSE 250 and FTSE SmallCap.[1]

Weighting

In the FTSE indices, share prices are weighted by free-float capitalisation, so that the larger companies, with more of their stock "floating", make more of a difference to the index than smaller companies. The basic formula for these indices is:[10]

The free float adjustment factor represents the percentage of all issued shares that are readily available for trading, rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5%. The free-float capitalisation of a company is its market capitalisation multiplied by its free float adjustment factor. It therefore does not include restricted stocks, such as those held by company insiders.[10]

Futures contracts

FTSE futures contracts are traded on the Euronext Equities & Index Derivatives (EUREID) exchange. The value of each contract is 10 GBP × index points and is specified as:[11]

FTSE (QFA) contract specifications
Contract size 10 GBP × index points
Exchange EUREID
Sector Index
Tick size 0.5
Tick value 5 GBP
Basis Point Value 10
Denomination GBP
Decimal places 1

Record values

The index has reached the following record values:

Category All-time highs
Closing 8,012.53 16 February 2023
Intraday 8,047.06 16 February 2023

The index began on 3 January 1984 at the base level of 1000. The highest closing value of 8,012.53 was reached on 16 February 2023. The highest intra-day value of 8,047.06 was also reached on 16 February 2023.[12]

Annual returns

The following table shows the annual development of the calculation of the FT 30 Index from 1969 to 1983, and the FTSE 100 since 1984.[13][14][15][16]

Year Closing level Change in index
(points) (%)
1969 313.16
1970 289.61 −23.55 −7.52
1971 411.03 121.42 41.93
1972 463.72 52.69 12.82
1973 318.30 −145.42 −31.36
1974 142.17 −176.13 −55.33
1975 335.98 193.81 136.32
1976 322.98 −13.00 −3.87
1977 455.96 132.98 41.17
1978 468.06 12.10 2.65
1979 488.40 20.34 4.35
1980 620.60 132.20 27.07
1981 665.50 44.90 7.23
1982 812.37 146.87 22.07
1983 1,000.00 187.63 23.10
1984 1,232.20 232.20 23.22
1985 1,412.60 180.40 14.64
1986 1,679.00 266.40 18.86
1987 1,712.70 33.70 2.01
1988 1,793.10 80.40 4.69
1989 2,422.70 629.60 35.11
1990 2,143.50 −279.20 −11.52
1991 2,493.10 349.60 16.31
1992 2,846.50 353.40 14.18
1993 3,418.40 571.90 20.09
1994 3,065.50 −352.90 −10.32
1995 3,689.30 623.80 20.35
1996 4,118.50 429.20 11.63
1997 5,135.50 1,017.00 24.69
1998 5,882.60 747.10 14.55
1999 6,930.20 1,047.60 17.81
2000 6,222.46 −707.74 −10.21
2001 5,217.35 −1,005.11 −16.15
2002 3,940.36 −1,276.99 −24.48
2003 4,476.87 536.49 13.62
2004 4,814.30 337.57 7.54
2005 5,618.76 804.46 16.71
2006 6,220.81 602.05 10.71
2007 6,456.91 236.10 3.80
2008 4,434.17 −2,022.74 −31.33
2009 5,412.88 978.71 22.07
2010 5,899.94 487.06 9.00
2011 5,572.28 −327.66 −5.55
2012 5,897.81 325.53 5.84
2013 6,749.09 851.29 14.43
2014 6,566.09 −183.00 −2.71
2015 6,274.05 −292.04 −4.45
2016 7,142.83 868.78 13.85
2017 7,687.77 544.94 7.63
2018 6,728.13 −959.64 −12.48
2019 7,542.44 814.31 12.10
2020 6,460.52 −1,081.92 −14.34
2021 7,384.54 924.02 14.30
2022 7,451.74 67.20 0.91
2023 7,733.24 281.50 3.78

Constituents

The following table lists the FTSE 100 companies after the changes on 15 March 2024.[17]

Company Ticker FTSE industry classification benchmark sector[18]
3i III Financial services
Admiral Group ADM Insurance
Airtel Africa AAF Telecommunications services
Anglo American plc AAL Mining
Antofagasta plc ANTO Mining
Ashtead Group AHT Support services
Associated British Foods ABF Food & tobacco
AstraZeneca AZN Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Auto Trader Group AUTO Media
Aviva AV Life insurance
B&M BME Retailers
BAE Systems BA Aerospace & defence
Barclays BARC Banks
Barratt Developments BDEV Household goods & home construction
Beazley Group BEZ Insurance
Berkeley Group Holdings BKG Household goods & home construction
BP BP Oil & gas producers
British American Tobacco BATS Tobacco
BT Group BT-A Telecommunications services
Bunzl BNZL Support services
Burberry BRBY Personal goods
Centrica CNA Multiline utilities
Coca-Cola HBC CCH Beverages
Compass Group CPG Support services
Convatec CTEC Health care equipment & supplies
Croda International CRDA Chemicals
DCC plc DCC Support services
Diageo DGE Beverages
Diploma DPLM Industrial Support services
Entain ENT Travel & leisure
EasyJet EZJ Travel & leisure
Experian EXPN Support services
Foreign & Colonial Investment Trust FCIT Financial services
Flutter Entertainment FLTR Travel & leisure
Frasers Group FRAS Retailers
Fresnillo plc FRES Mining
Glencore GLEN Mining
GSK plc GSK Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Haleon HLN Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Halma plc HLMA Electronic equipment & parts
Hikma Pharmaceuticals HIK Pharmaceuticals & biotechnology
Howdens Joinery HWDN Homebuilding & construction supplies
HSBC HSBA Banks
IHG Hotels & Resorts IHG Travel & leisure
IMI IMI Machinery, tools, heavy vehicles, trains & ships
Imperial Brands IMB Tobacco
Informa INF Media
Intermediate Capital Group ICP Financial services
International Airlines Group IAG Travel & leisure
Intertek ITRK Support services
JD Sports JD General retailers
Kingfisher plc KGF Retailers
Land Securities LAND Real estate investment trusts
Legal & General LGEN Life insurance
Lloyds Banking Group LLOY Banks
London Stock Exchange Group LSEG Financial services
M&G MNG Financial services
Marks & Spencer MKS Food & drug retailing
Melrose Industries MRO Aerospace & defence
Mondi MNDI Containers & packaging
National Grid plc NG Multiline utilities
NatWest Group NWG Banks
Next plc NXT General retailers
Ocado Group OCDO Food & drug retailers
Pearson plc PSON Media
Pershing Square Holdings PSH Financial services
Persimmon PSN Household goods & home construction
Phoenix Group PHNX Life insurance
Prudential plc PRU Life insurance
Reckitt RKT Household goods & home construction
RELX REL Media
Rentokil Initial RTO Support services
Rightmove RMV Media
Rio Tinto RIO Mining
Rolls-Royce Holdings RR Aerospace & defence
RS Group plc RS1 Industrials
Sage Group SGE Software & computer services
Sainsbury's SBRY Food & drug retailing
Schroders SDR Financial services
Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust SMT Collective investments
Segro SGRO Real estate investment trusts
Severn Trent SVT Multiline utilities
Shell plc SHEL Oil & gas producers
DS Smith SMDS General industrials
Smiths Group SMIN General industrials
Smith & Nephew SN Health care equipment & supplies
Smurfit Kappa SKG General industrials
Spirax-Sarco Engineering SPX Industrial engineering
SSE plc SSE Electrical utilities & independent power producers
Standard Chartered STAN Banks
St. James's Place plc STJ Financial services
Taylor Wimpey TW Household goods & home construction
Tesco TSCO Food & drug retailing
Unilever ULVR Personal goods
United Utilities UU Multiline utilities
Unite Group UTG Real estate investment trusts
Vodafone Group VOD Mobile telecommunications
Weir Group WEIR Industrial goods and services
Whitbread WTB Retail hospitality
WPP plc WPP Media

Past constituents

All changes are due to market capitalisation unless noted otherwise.

Source: "FTSE: FTSE 100 Constituent Changes" (PDF; 57.9 KB)

FT 30

The oldest continuous index in the UK is the FT 30, also known as the Financial Times Index or the FT Ordinary Index (FTOI).[203] It was established in 1935 and nowadays is largely obsolete due to its redundancy. It is similar to the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and companies listed are from the industrial and commercial sectors. Financial sector companies and government stocks are excluded.

Of the original constituents,[204] three are currently in the FTSE 100: Tate & Lyle, Imperial Tobacco and Rolls-Royce, although Rolls-Royce has not been continuously listed and Imperial Tobacco was a subsidiary of Hanson for a number of years, and is now renamed as Imperial Brands. Only one of the original FT 30 companies is still in that index:[205] Tate & Lyle (membership is not strictly based on market capitalisation, so this does not mean they are necessarily among the top thirty companies in the FTSE 100). The best performer from the original lineup has been Imperial Tobacco.[206]

See also

Other lists
Stock market lists

References

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