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What is the difference between parliament and government?
UK Politics: Parliament-The structure and role of the House of Commons and House of Lords
structure role of the UK Parliament
Transcription
Eddie: Right, I've just learned pretty much everything there is to know about Parliament
and I reckon I can teach it to you in about five minutes.
Brian: Five minutes? I've spent my whole life studying this.
Eddie: Yeah, well, you're obviously not very good at it then.
OK, I'll keep this short and sweet. Unless anyone keeps interrupting, alright?
Here we go. This is the Prime Minister and his Cabinet.
Brian: Hang on a minute, that's a bunch of monkeys!
Eddie: Ooh, a bit of respect, please, Brian!
Oh right, yeah, yeah.
Anyway, this is the government.
It has about a hundred Ministers who are each responsible for different areas of our lives
like transport, education, even food and sport.
The government makes decisions on our behalf but it can't do anything it likes. There's Parliament.
Parliament is bigger, and the government's part of it.
Brian: Parliament is the highest authority in the UK.
It's our legislative body, which means that it makes and revises most of the laws in the UK.
Eddie: Oh, nice one. Ey, I'm reading this book, it's called everyone loves a know it all.
Brian: Are you?
Eddie: No, 'cos no one wrote it.
Eddie: As well as making and changing laws, Parliament has to keep an eye on, and influence the government.
This is called 'scrutiny'. Which sounds quite painful!
Brian: So, Parliament and government are two very different things.
Parliament is the highest authority in Britain and keeps a check on…
Eddie: (Coughing.) There's a five minute time limit here, if you don't mind.
Parliament is made up of three things: the Monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The House of Commons contains all the 646 Members of Parliament or MP's.
These are the people we vote for at general elections.
Each MP represents a different part of the country. An MP's political area is called a constituency.
So, what does Parliament actually do?
Well, stuff - is a short answer. Loads of stuff - is a bit longer.
Longer again - both the House of Commons and the House of Lords spend around half the time making and passing new laws.
MP's can also bring up subjects for debate so that everyone gets their opinions heard.
As there are lots of opinions, sometimes everyone shouts at the same time…
Speaker: Order!
Eddie: …and Parliament scrutinises what the government is doing. Especially how it raises and spends money.
Brian: And how does the government do that?
Eddie: Well, we pay for everything in the country through taxes.
Income tax on what we earn, VAT on what we buy, council tax for local services.
Pretty much all the government's money comes from us.
The government spends its money on things like schools, hospitals, emergency services, the legal system and the armed forces.
Brian: So how does Parliament scrutinise the government and make sure our taxes are spent wisely?
Eddie: It does a few things. It's members ask the government awkward questions...
and they form groups of people called 'committees', which scrutinise the work of individual government departments.
The House of Lords scrutinises the government too.
They also help to introduce new laws and have their own committees investigating big issues like Europe, science and the economy.
This concludes my high speed, blah blah-free guide to Parliament and government. Any questions?
Brian: I'm impressed! It was a triumph of brevity and concision.
A waffle-free, whistle-stop summary of the workings of our Parliamentary system.
A pithy, high-octane précis of constitutional hierarchy. It was a…
(Car horn beeping.)
Brian: Sorry.
History
Eye was once the smallest borough in the country, its claim based on the 1205 Charter of King John. The Charter was renewed in 1408, then many more times by successive monarchs. However, in 1885, the Town Clerk of Hythe, 125 miles (201 km) south by land, proved that the original Charter belonged only to Hythe in Kent, the error having arisen from the similarity of their original Old English names, both building off a related root phrase (Hythe: landing place, Eye: land by water).[2] The error was confirmed by archivists in the 1950s, but borough status was not discontinued until 1974 after government reorganization when Eye became a parish but retained a Town Council, a Mayor and the insignia.
This in turn was abolished for the 1983 general election when western areas, comprising the majority, became part of the new county constituency of Central Suffolk, with eastern areas forming part of the new county constituency of Suffolk Coastal.
The seat's main claim to fame was that it was the smallest town to have a parliamentary constituency named after it as the town of Eye had only approximately 1500 voters in 1981. It had been mostly a Liberal seat until 1951, after which it became a safe Conservative seat.
Boundaries and boundary changes
1885–1918
The Municipal Borough of Eye;
The Sessional Divisions of Framlingham, Hartismere, and Hoxne; and
Formed from parts of the abolished Eastern and Western Divisions of Suffolk and incorporating the abolished Parliamentary Borough of Eye. Apart from Eye, the main town was Saxmundham.
1918–1950
The Municipal Borough of Eye;
The Urban Districts of Halesworth, Leiston-cum-Sizewell, Saxmundham, and Stowmarket;
The Rural Districts of East Stow, Hartismere, and Hoxne; and
Parts of the Rural Districts of Blything and Plomesgate.[5]
Gained southernmost part of the Lowestoft Division, including Halesworth, and a small area to the east of the abolished Stowmarket Division, including the town of Stowmarket itself.
1950–1983
The Municipal Boroughs of Aldeburgh and Eye;
The Urban Districts of Leiston-cum-Sizewell, Saxmundham, and Stowmarket;
The Rural Districts of Blyth, Gipping, and Hartismere: and
The Rural District of Deben parishes of Blaxhall, Boulge, Bredfield, Burgh, Campsey Ash, Charsfield, Chillesford, Clopton, Cretingham, Dallinghoo, Dallinghoo Wield, Debach, Eyke, Gedgrave, Grundisburgh, Hoo, Iken, Letheringham, Monewden, Orford, Otley, Pettistree, Rendlesham, Sudbourne, Swilland, Tunstall, Ufford, Wantisden, Wickham Market, and Witnesham.[6]
Extended southwards to gain Aldeburgh and mainly rural areas from the northern part of the abolished Woodbridge Division of East Suffolk. Area previously transferred from Lowestoft (including Halesworth) now returned.
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1914 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
^Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884.
^S., Craig, Fred W. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN0900178094. OCLC539011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^D. W. Hayton (2002). "Eye". In Hayton, David; Cruickshanks, Eveline; Handley, Stuart (eds.). The House of Commons 1690-1715. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 November 2022.