| Episinus Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Episinus angulatus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Theridiidae |
| Genus: | Episinus Walckenaer, 1809[1] |
| Type species | |
| E. truncatus Latreille, 1809
| |
| Species | |
|
47, see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Episinus is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1809.[3]
They can grow up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long.[3]
Species
As of September 2022[update] it contains forty-seven species and one subspecies, found worldwide:[1]
- E. affinis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – India, Russia (Far East), Korea, Taiwan, Japan
- E. algiricus Lucas, 1846 – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Northwest Africa, Malta?
- E. amoenus Banks, 1911 – USA, Mexico
- E. angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Central Asia
- E. antipodianus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Zealand
- E. baoshanensis Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – China
- E. bilineatus Simon, 1894 – South Africa
- E. bimucronatus (Simon, 1895) – Venezuela
- E. bishopi (Lessert, 1929) – Congo
- E. bonjovi Lin & Li, 2021 – China
- E. cavernicola (Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Slovenia
- E. chikunii Yoshida, 1985 – Japan
- E. emanus Levi, 1964 – Panama
- E. fontinalis Levy, 1985 – Israel
- E. garisus Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil
- E. gibbus Zhu & Wang, 1995 – China
- E. hickmani Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
- E. immundus (Keyserling, 1884) – Peru, Brazil
- E. implexus (Simon, 1894) – Venezuela
- E. israeliensis Levy, 1985 – Israel
- E. jiangweni Lin & Li, 2021 – China
- E. kitazawai Yaginuma, 1958 – Russia (Kurile Is.), Japan
- E. longabdomenus Zhu, 1998 – China
- E. macrops Simon, 1903 – Equatorial Guinea, Congo
- E. maculipes Cavanna, 1876 – Europe, Algeria, Turkey, Caucasus
- Episinus m. numidicus Kulczyński, 1905 – Algeria, Tunisia
- E. maderianus Kulczyński, 1905 – Canary Is., Madeira
- E. makiharai Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan
- E. marignaci (Lessert, 1933) – Angola
- E. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
- E. mikhailovi Zamani & Marusik, 2021 – Iran
- E. mucronatus (Simon, 1894) – Singapore
- E. nanyue Yin, 2012 – China
- E. nubilus Yaginuma, 1960 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is.
- E. pentagonalis Chakrabarti, 2013 – India
- E. porteri (Simon, 1901) – Chile, Argentina
- E. punctisparsus Yoshida, 1983 – Taiwan
- E. rhomboidalis (Simon, 1895) – Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore
- E. similanus Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand
- E. similitudus Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand
- E. taibeli Caporiacco, 1949 – Ethiopia
- E. theridioides Simon, 1873 – Spain, France (mainland, Corsica), Italy (Sardinia)
- E. tongyani Lin & Li, 2021 – China
- E. truncatus Latreille, 1809 (type) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran
- E. typicus (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
- E. variacorneus Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1992 – China
- E. xiushanicus Zhu, 1998 – China
- E. yoshidai Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan
Formerly included:
- E. bicorniger (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. bicornis (Thorell, 1881) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. bicruciatus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. bifrons (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. caudifer Dönitz & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. coercerveus Roberts, 1978 (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. conifer (Urquhart, 1886) (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. erythrophthalmus (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. gratiosus Bryant, 1940 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
- E. longipes Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
- E. luteolimbatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. malachinus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. marginatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. minusculus Gertsch, 1936 (Transferred to Chrosiothes)
- E. mirabilis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. modestus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. nebulosus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. ocreatus (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. paiki Seo, 1985 (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. pictus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. recifensis Levi, 1964 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
- E. salobrensis (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. spinigeroides Zhu & Song, 1992 (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. tanikawai Yoshida, 1991 (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. taprobanicus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
- E. yoshimurai Yoshida, 1983 (Transferred to Moneta)
- E. americanus Nicolet, 1849
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Gen. Episinus Walckenaer, 1809". World Spider Catalog Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern. 2022. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
- ^ a b c d e Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 127: 20.
- ^ a b Latreille, P. A. (1809). Genera crustaceorum et insectorum. Paris 4. pp. 370–371.
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This page was last edited on 15 October 2023, at 20:43