Endemism and threats
The islands are home to several endemic genera.
Endemic Bird Area
Birdlife International defines Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) as places where the breeding ranges of two or more range-restricted species—those with breeding ranges of less than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi)—overlap. In order to qualify, the whole of the breeding range of at least two range-restricted species must fall entirely within the EBA.[1] The entire Galápagos Islands archipelago is considered to be an Endemic Bird Area.[2] Ten Important Bird Areas, which are areas which meet a specific set of internationally agreed criteria, fall within the EBA's boundaries.[2]
List of endemic species
| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| EX | Extinct (0 species) |
| EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
| CR | Critically Endangered (2 species) |
| EN | Endangered (2 species) |
| VU | Vulnerable (9 species) |
| NT | Near threatened (2 species) |
| LC | Least concern (11 species) |
| Taxon. order[nb 1] |
Common name | Picture | Scientific name | Distribution and habitat | IUCN status[nb 2] |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galápagos dove | 
|
Zenaida galapagoensis | NT IUCN | ||
| 2 | Galápagos crake | 
|
Laterallus spilonota | Highlands of the main islands (except Floreana)[5] | VU IUCN | Also known as Galápagos rail[6] |
| 3 | Lava gull | 
|
Leucophaeus fuliginosus | VU IUCN | ||
| 4 | Galápagos penguin | 
|
Spheniscus mendiculus | EN IUCN | ||
| 5 | Flightless cormorant | 
|
Phalacrocorax harrisi | Coastal areas on Fernandina and northern and western Isabela[7] | VU IUCN | |
| 6 | Lava heron | 
|
Butorides sundevalli | Rocky shores and marine lagoons on islands throughout[8] | LC IUCN | Considered by some authorities (including BirdLife International and the American Ornithological Society) to be a subspecies of the striated heron [9][10] |
| 7 | Galápagos hawk | 
|
Buteo galapagoensis | All habitats throughout the islands, except on Genovesa, San Cristóbal, and Floreana[11] | VU IUCN | |
| 8 | Large-billed flycatcher | 
|
Myiarchus magnirostris | LC IUCN | ||
| 9 | Galapagos mockingbird | 
|
Mimus parvulus | LC IUCN | ||
| 10 | Floreana mockingbird | 
|
Mimus trifasciatus | EN IUCN | Also known as Charles Island mockingbird | |
| 11 | Hood mockingbird | 
|
Mimus macdonaldi | VU IUCN | Also known as Española mockingbird | |
| 12 | San Cristóbal mockingbird | 
|
Mimus melanotis | NT IUCN | Also known as Chatham mockingbird | |
| 13 | Large ground finch | 
|
Geospiza magnirostris | LC IUCN | ||
| 14 | Medium ground finch | 
|
Geospiza fortis | LC IUCN | ||
| 15 | Small ground finch | 
|
Geospiza fuliginosa | LC IUCN | ||
| 16 | Sharp-beaked ground finch | 
|
Geospiza difficilis | LC IUCN | ||
| 17 | Common cactus finch | 
|
Geospiza scandens | LC IUCN | ||
| 18 | Española cactus finch | 
|
Geospiza conirostris | VU IUCN | ||
| 19 | Vegetarian finch | 
|
Geospiza crassirostris | LC IUCN | ||
| 20 | Large tree finch | 
|
Camarhynchus psittacula | VU IUCN | ||
| 21 | Medium tree finch | 
|
Camarhynchus pauper | CR IUCN | ||
| 22 | Small tree finch | 
|
Camarhynchus parvulus | LC IUCN | ||
| 23 | Woodpecker finch | 
|
Camarhynchus pallidus | VU IUCN | ||
| 24 | Mangrove finch | 
|
Camarhynchus heliobates | CR IUCN | ||
| 25 | Green warbler-finch | 
|
Certhidea olivacea | VU IUCN | Sometimes considered conspecific with the grey warbler-finch[12] | |
| 26 | Grey warbler-finch | 
|
Certhidea fusca | LC IUCN |
Notes
- ^ This list uses the taxonomy proposed by the International Ornithologists' Union.[3] Avian checklists and field guides typically list species in taxonomic order to show the evolutionary relationships between species; those which are more closely related are physically listed nearer each other.[4]
- ^ This column sorts by threat level, as outlined in the key above.
Citations
- ^ BirdLife International 2004.
- ^ a b BirdLife International 2021a.
- ^ Gill, Donsker & Rasmussen 2021.
- ^ Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2015.
- ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 64.
- ^ BirdLife International 2021b.
- ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 36.
- ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 48.
- ^ Santander, Freile & Loor-Vela 2009, p. 190.
- ^ Lepage.
- ^ Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000, p. 60.
- ^ BirdLife International 2017.
References
- BirdLife International (2004). "Most Endemic Bird Areas are in the tropics and important for other biodiversity too". birdlife.org. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- BirdLife International (2017). "Green Warbler-finch: Certhidea olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- BirdLife International (2021a). "Galápagos Islands". birdlife.org. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- BirdLife International (2021b). "Species factsheet: Galapagos Rail – Laterallus spilonota". Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology (16 November 2015). "What is taxonomic order and why is it used for the sequence of birds in my field guide?". All About Birds. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
- Lepage, Denis (ed.). "Galapagos Heron: Butorides sundevalli". Avibase — The World Bird Database. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel & Hosking, David (2000). Wildlife of the Galápagos. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Pocket Guides. ISBN 978-0-691-10295-5.
- Gill, Frank; Donsker, David & Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2021). "IOC World Bird List". IOC. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
- Santander, Tatiana; Freile, Juan F. & Loor-Vela, Sandra (2009). "Ecuador". In Devenish, C.; Díaz-Fernández, D. F.; Clay, R. P.; Davidson, I. & Yépez Zabala, I. (eds.). Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Quito: BirdLife International. ISBN 978-9942-9959-0-2.
This page was last edited on 24 March 2024, at 08:21