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Electric match

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Electric matches before, during and after ignition

An electric match is a device that uses an externally applied electric current to ignite a combustible compound.

Electric matches use a bridgewire consisting of a heating element to ignite a pyrogen, which is a quantity of readily ignited pyrotechnic initiator composition.

Electric matches can be used in any application where source of heat is needed at a precisely controlled point in time, typically to ignite a propellant or explosive. Examples include airbags, pyrotechnics, and military or commercial explosives.

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • How to Make Rocket Igniters (Electric Matches)
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Transcription

For this video, I’m going to show you how to make a handful of remote controlled, electric ignitors from things you already have around the house. That will ignite fireworks safely, and from a distance. Or launch your homemade rockets, with the simple press of a button. To start this project, you’ll just need a book of paper matches, some tape, and an old cell phone charger. Chances are you have a spare charger somewhere in the house, but if not, you can easily find them at thrift stores for about a dollar. Now get to work with a pair of scissors, and carefully chop the head and charge controller off of the cable, then cut it up into smaller pieces around 2” long. If we remove the outer jacket, you can see there are two insulated wires inside, made of very thin, stranded copper wires. And for this project, the thinner the wires are, the better the ignitors will work. Now we don’t need the outer sheathing at all, so go ahead and pull the wires out and strip the other ends down about half an inch. Carefully single out one copper strand, from the bundle of wire, and pull it to off the side. And now the other frayed wires, are all garbage, so just twist them together, and use a pair of scissors to snip them off at the base. Now let’s take a close look at the other wire. If it has nylon cording mixed in with the copper strands you need to get rid of it. And the most effective way to eliminate it, is to lick it with a flame from a candle, or a BBQ ignitor. Now hold the two cables side by side about 1/4” apart, then twist the bridge wire from the first cable, so it binds together tightly, and meshes in with the other strands. This will ensure the bridge wire has great electrical contact, and should prevent it from unravelling. To hold the wires in place, simply lay a small piece of tape on the table, so it’s facing sticky side up, and press the wires down into the center. Now make sure the bridge wire is poking out around 1/4” from the top, then bend the excess wire back, and press it down beside the wires on the inside. Alright the ignitor leads are completed, so let’s take a quick break from all that, and spend some time modifying the match heads. Take the matches, one at a time, and carefully slide them down the edge of a sharp pair of scissors. You can see it scores a very small grove, right down the center of the tip. Now bring back the ignitor leads, and line the bridge wire up with the groove in the match-head, and secure it firmly in place by wrapping one side of the tape tightly over the base of the match, then reinforce it again, by firmly wrapping the other half of the tape the other direction. For one finishing touch, it’s good practice to burn the nylon strands on the ignitor leads as well, then twist them together tightly so they’ll make better contact. At this point, your electric match is finished, and ready to go to work. To test them out, I tried connecting alligator clips to the leads of the ignitor, then running the wires to two 9 volt batteries, in parallel. Now all it takes for ignition, is the press of a button to complete the circuit. Or in this case, a touch of the wires to the battery terminals. The matches light off because when the circuit is completed, over 6 amps of electrical current surge through the tiny bridge wire on top, and the electricity gets the wire so hot it ignites the chemicals in the match head, causing it to burst into flames. And you can see that all happens very quickly. Now just for fun, I got an old N64 controller and converted it, into a rocket launch controller. So now I can launch homemade sugar rockets with the the press of a button. Look for how I made this in another project video. Well now you know how to mass produce electric ignitors, with junk you probably have lying around the house. By the way, if you try using different colored tape, you can give your ignitors your own custom touch. And if you can’t find paper matches, wooden matches will work just as well. Well that’s it for now. If you like this video, perhaps you’ll like some of my others. Check them out at www.thekingofrandom.com

Design

Schematics of an electrical igniter connecting to a fuse

Electric matches consist of two parts, a bridgewire and a pyrogen. The bridgewire is a heating element, typically in the form of a loop or coil of thin wire, which is encased in the pyrogen, which is a quantity of readily ignited pyrotechnic initiator composition. If the pyrogen is sufficiently conductive, it can act as the bridgewire as well. Electric matches also come with provisions for attaching an electric current source, and they may be provided with a protective cover and/or a means to attach them to the device to be ignited.[1][2][3]

To operate an electric match, a source of electricity of appropriate voltage and current is needed to provide current to the match. When sufficient electric current is passed through the bridgewire, the resistive heating causes the element to rise above the ignition temperature of the pyrogen, and the pyrogen begins to burn.[1][3]

Commercial electric match manufacturers often specify 3 key parameters of an electric match: the resistance (often around 2 Ω), a recommended firing current (often around 1 A), and a maximum no-fire current. The "test" button on a firing system typically tests the system by sending a current limited to well below the no-fire current (often 200 mA), to allow for detection of common problems such as short circuits and disconnected open circuits.[3][4][5]

Applications

A partial list of applications is:[6]

Electric matches, or electronic ignition, is used in natural gas and propane fueled commercial and household appliances and amenities. Some examples are gas stoves and barbecues, interior and swimming pool hot water heaters and boilers, fireplaces and garden fire pits, and clothes dryers and central heating systems.

Electric matches may be regulated, as they can be used to ignite explosives; for amateur pyrotechnics use, electric matches can be built from scratch or from kit form. Kits include the thin wire needed for the bridgewire, such as nichrome wire, along with components for mixing the pyrogen. Scratch-built matches use thin wire which may be purchased or salvaged from sources such as light bulb filaments, and copper wiring.[1][7]

In addition to the readily ignitable component of the electric match pyrogen, some matches may also add additional components to provide a hotter, longer-lasting flame, for igniting items that are difficult to ignite. For example, igniters for solid fuel model rocket motors often include powdered metals, which provide more heat and duration to the match flame, and a more reliable ignition of the motor.[1][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Firestar electric match". Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  2. ^ Bob Cannon; Mary Roberts; Ann Grimm; Kathleen Greer. "Intiters and Their Use" (PDF). Estes.
  3. ^ a b c Alan Yates (2005). "Electrical Ignition".
  4. ^ "The Basics of Electric Firing". Pyromate. 2005.
  5. ^ Gourab Sen Gupta; et al. (2010). "Fireworks detonation system". Embedded Microcontroller Interfacing: Designing Integrated Projects. ISBN 9783642136368.
  6. ^ "MJG Technologies Inc". Archived from the original on 2008-08-02.
  7. ^ a b "Electric Matches".
This page was last edited on 2 March 2024, at 03:20
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