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East Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

East Cornwall
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
Context of 1832-1868. Extract from 1837 result: the middle, striped area.
CountyCornwall
18321885
SeatsTwo
Created fromCornwall, Bossiney, Callington, Camelford, East Looe, Lostwithiel, St Germans, Saltash and West Looe
Replaced byBodmin, Launceston and St Austell

East Cornwall was a county constituency in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system of election.

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • The Difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England Explained
  • The Queen Opens British Parliament Pageantry 2015
  • The British Political System: The Parliament

Transcription

Welcome to the United Kingdom (and a whole lot more) explained by me, C. G. P. Grey The United Kingdom, England, Great Britain? Are these three the same place? Are they different places? Do British people secretly laugh those who use the terms wrongly? Who knows the answers to these questions? I do and I'm going to tell you right now. For the lost: this is the world, this is the European continent and this is the place we have to untangle. The area shown in purple is the United Kingdom. Part of the confusion is that the United Kingdom is not a single country but is instead a country of countries. It contains inside of it four co-equal and sovereign nations The first of these is England — shown here in red. England is often confused with the United Kingdom as a whole because it's the largest and most populous of the nations and contains the de facto capital city, London. To the north is Scotland, shown in blue and to the west is wales, shown in white. And, often forgotten even by those who live in the United Kingdom, is Northern Ireland shown in orange. Each country has a local term for the population. While you can call them all 'British' it's not recommended as the four countries generally don't like each other. The Northern Irish, Scottish and Welsh regard the English as slave-driving colonial masters — no matter that all three have their own devolved Parliaments and are allowed to vote on English laws despite the reverse not being true — and the English generally regard the rest as rural yokels who spend too much time with their sheep. However, as the four constituent countries don't have their own passports, they are all British Citizens, like it or not.They are British Citizens of the United Kingdom — whose full name by the way is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. So where's Great Britain hiding? Right here: the area covered in black is Great Britain. Unlike England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, Great Britain is a geographical rather than a political term. Great Britain is the largest island among the British Isles. Within the United Kingdom, the term 'Great Britain' is often used to refer to England, Scotland and Wales alone with the intentional exclusion of Northern Ireland. This is mostly, but not completely true, as all three constituent countries have islands that are not part of Great Britain such as The Isle of Wight, part of England, the Welsh Isle of Anglesey and the Scottish Hebrides, The Shetland Islands, Orkney Islands, Islands of the Clyde. The second biggest island in the British Isles is Ireland. It is worth noting that Ireland is not a country. Like Great Britain, it is a geographical, not political, term. The Island of Ireland contain on it two countries, Northern Ireland — which we have already discussed — and the Republic of Ireland. When people say they are 'Irish' they are referring to the Republic of Ireland which is a separate country from the United Kingdom. However, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom are members of the European Union even though England often likes to pretend that it's an Island in the mid-atlantic rather than 50km off the cost of France. But that's a story for another time. To review: The two largest islands in the British Isles are Ireland and Great Britain. Ireland has on it two countries — the republic of ireland and northern ireland, while Great Britain (mostly) contains three: England, Scotland and Wales. These last three, when combined with northern Ireland form the United Kingdom. There are still many unanswered questions. Such as, why, when you travel to Canada is there British Royalty on the money? To answer this, we need to talk about Empire. You can't have gone to school in the English-speaking world without having learned that the British Empire once spanned a 1/4th the worlds land and governed nearly a 1/4th its people. While it is easy to remember the part of the empire that broke away violently... We often forget how many nations gained independence through diplomacy, not bloodshed. These want-to-be nations struck a deal with the empire where they continued to recognize the monarchy as the head of state in exchange for a local, autonomous parliament. To understand how they are connected, we need to talk about the crown. Not the physical crown that sits behind glass in the tower of London and earns millions of tourist pounds for the UK but the crown as a complicated legal entity best thought of a a one-man corporation. Who created this corporation? God Did. According to British Tradition all power is vested in God and the monarch is crowned in a Christian ceremony. God however — not wanted to be bothered with micromanagement — conveniently delegates his power to an entity called the crown. While this used to be the physical crown in the tower of london — it evolved over time into a legal corporation sole able to be controlled only by the ruling monarch. It's a useful reminder that the United Kingdom is still technically a theocracy with the reigning monarch acting as both the head of state and the supreme governor of the official state religion: Anglicanism. Such are the oddities that arise when dealing with a 1,000 year-old Monarchy. Back to Canada and the rest. The former colonies that gained their independence through diplomacy and continue to recognize that authority of the crown are known as the Commonwealth Realm. They are, in decreasing order of population: Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Jamaica, The Solomon Islands, Belize, The Bahamas, Barbados, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Tuvalu. All are independent nations but still recognize the monarchy as the head of state even though it has little real power within their borders. There are three further entities that belong to the crown and these are the Crown Dependencies: he Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey. Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they are not considered independent nations, but are granted local autonomy by the crown and British Citizenship by the United Kingdom — though the UK does reserve the right to over-rule the laws of there local assemblies. Are we all done "now"? Almost, but not quite. There are still a couple of loose threads, such as this place: The tiny city of Gibraltar on the Southern Cost of Spain famous for its rock, its monkeys and for causing diplomatic tension between the United Kingdom and Spain. Or what about the Falkland Islands? Which caused so much tension between the United Kingdom and Argentina that they went to war over them. These places belong in the last group of crown properties know as: British Overseas Territories. But their former name — crown colonies — gives away their origins. They are the last vestiges of the British Empire. Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they have not become independent nations and continue to rely on the United Kingdom for military and (sometimes) economic assistance. Like the Crown Dependencies, everyone born in their borders is a British Citizen. The Crown colonies are, in decreasing order of population: Bermuda, Cayman Islands,Turks and Caicos Islands, Gibraltar, The British Virgin Islands, Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Anguilla, Saint Helena, Ascension Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Montserrat, British Indian Ocean Territory, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Falkland Islands, British Antarctic Territory, Pitcairn Islands. For our final Venn diagram, the United Kingdom is a country situated on the British Isles and is part of The Crown which is controlled by the monarchy. Also part of the crown and the British Isles are the crown dependencies. The independent nations of the former empire that still recognize the crown are the Commonwealth Realm and the non-independent remnants of the former empire are the British Overseas Territories. Thank you very much for watching.

Boundaries

In 1832 the county of Cornwall, in south west England, was split for parliamentary purposes into two county divisions. These were the East division (with a place of election at Bodmin) and West Cornwall (where voting took place at Truro). Each division returned two members to Parliament.[1]

The parliamentary boroughs included in the East division, from 1832 to 1885 (whose non-resident 40 shilling freeholders voted in the county constituency), were Bodmin, Launceston and Liskeard.[2]

1832–1885: The Hundreds of East, West, Lesnewth, Stratton, and Trigg, and in the hundred of Powder, the eastern division, i.e. the parishes of St Austell, St Blazey, St Dennis, St Ewe, Fowey, Gorran, Ladock, Lanlivery, Lostwithiel, Luxulyan, Mevagissey, St Mewan, St Michael Caerhays, Roche, St Sampson's, St Stephen-in-Brannel, and Tywardreath, and in the hundred of Pydar, the parishes of St Breock, Colan, St Columb Minor and St Columb Major, St Ervan, St Eval, St Issey, Lanhydrock, Lanivet, Mawgan, St Merryn, Padstow, Little Petherick, St Wenn, and Withiel.[3]

History

In 1885 this division was abolished, when the East and West Cornwall county divisions were replaced by six new single-member county constituencies. These were Bodmin (the South-Eastern division), Camborne (North-Western division), Launceston (North-Eastern division), St Austell (Mid division), St Ives (the Western division) and Truro. In addition the last remaining Cornish borough constituency was Penryn and Falmouth.

Members of Parliament

Election First member First party Second member Second party
1832 Sir William Molesworth, Bt Radical[4][5][6][7][8] Sir William Salusbury-Trelawny, Bt Whig[4]
1837 Lord Eliot Conservative[4] Sir Hussey Vivian, Bt Whig[4][9]
1841 William Rashleigh Conservative[4]
1845 by-election William Pole-Carew Conservative
1847 Thomas Agar-Robartes Whig[10][11]
1852 Nicholas Kendall Conservative
1859 Liberal
1868 Sir John Salusbury-Trelawney, Bt Liberal Edward Brydges Willyams Liberal
1874 Sir Colman Rashleigh, Bt Liberal John Tremayne Conservative
1880 Hon. Thomas Agar-Robartes Liberal William Copeland Borlase Liberal
1882 by-election Thomas Dyke Acland Liberal
1885 Constituency abolished

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1832: East Cornwall (2 seats)[12][4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical William Molesworth Unopposed
Whig William Salusbury-Trelawny Unopposed
Registered electors 4,462
Radical win (new seat)
Whig win (new seat)
General election 1835: East Cornwall (2 seats)[12][4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical William Molesworth Unopposed
Whig William Salusbury-Trelawny Unopposed
Registered electors 4,392
Radical hold
Whig hold
General election 1837: East Cornwall (2 seats)[13][12][4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative Edward Eliot 2,430 34.8
Whig Hussey Vivian 2,294 32.9
Whig William Salusbury-Trelawny 2,250 32.3
Turnout 4,648 85.0
Registered electors 5,469
Majority 136 1.9
Conservative gain from Radical
Majority 44 0.6
Whig hold

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: East Cornwall (2 seats)[13][12][4]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Eliot 3,006 40.3 +22.9
Conservative William Rashleigh 2,807 37.6 +20.2
Radical John Trelawny[14] 1,647 22.1 N/A
Majority 1,160 15.5 +13.6
Turnout 4,549 74.9 −10.1
Registered electors 6,076
Conservative hold Swing +22.9
Conservative gain from Whig Swing +20.2

Eliot was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 22 September 1841: East Cornwall[12][4]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Eliot Unopposed
Conservative hold

Eliot was elevated to the peerage, becoming 3rd Earl of St Germans and causing a by-election.

By-election, 20 February 1845: East Cornwall[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Pole-Carew Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1847: East Cornwall (2 seats)[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Pole-Carew Unopposed
Whig Thomas Agar-Robartes Unopposed
Registered electors 6,270
Conservative hold
Whig gain from Conservative

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: East Cornwall (2 seats)[13][12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Thomas Agar-Robartes 2,609 39.6 N/A
Conservative Nicholas Kendall 1,996 30.3 N/A
Conservative William Pole-Carew 1,979 30.1 N/A
Majority 613 9.3 N/A
Turnout 4,597 (est) 80.7 (est) N/A
Registered electors 5,694
Whig hold Swing N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General election 1857: East Cornwall (2 seats) [12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Thomas Agar-Robartes Unopposed
Conservative Nicholas Kendall Unopposed
Registered electors 6,261
Whig hold
Conservative hold
General election 1859: East Cornwall (2 seats)[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Agar-Robartes Unopposed
Conservative Nicholas Kendall Unopposed
Registered electors 6,240
Liberal gain from Whig
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1865: East Cornwall (2 seats)[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Nicholas Kendall Unopposed
Liberal Thomas Agar-Robartes Unopposed
Registered electors 5,781
Conservative hold
Liberal hold
General election 1868: East Cornwall (2 seats)[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Salusbury-Trelawny Unopposed
Liberal Edward Brydges Willyams Unopposed
Registered electors 8,701
Liberal hold
Liberal gain from Conservative

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: East Cornwall (2 seats)[13][12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Colman Rashleigh 3,395 26.6 N/A
Conservative John Tremayne 3,276 25.7 New
Conservative William Pole-Carew 3,099 24.3 New
Liberal Reginald Kelly 2,978 23.4 N/A
Turnout 6,374 (est) 71.0 (est) N/A
Registered electors 8,982
Majority 296 2.3 N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Majority 298 2.3 N/A
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: East Cornwall (2 seats)[13][12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Agar-Robartes 4,018 30.1 +3.5
Liberal William Copeland Borlase 3,883 29.1 +5.7
Conservative John Tremayne 3,033 22.7 -3.0
Conservative Digby Collins[15] 2,403 18.0 -6.3
Majority 850 6.4 N/A
Turnout 6,669 (est) 72.9 (est) +1.9
Registered electors 9,150
Liberal hold Swing
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing

Robartes was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Robartes.

By-election, 3 Apr 1882: East Cornwall (1 seat)[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Thomas Dyke Acland 3,720 51.4 −7.8
Conservative John Tremayne 3,520 48.6 +7.9
Majority 200 2.8 −3.6
Turnout 7,240 76.3 +3.4 (est)
Registered electors 9,484
Liberal hold Swing −7.9

There were 86 spoiled papers, which was considered an unusually high number.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Writing about differences in dialects within Cornwall Thomas Q. Couch wrote in 1880: "If asked to define roughly a boundary, I know none better than the Parliamentary line from Crantock Bay, on St. George's Channel, to Veryan Bay, on the English Channel, which bisects the county."
  2. ^ Smith (1844) The Parliaments of England
  3. ^ "The statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 2 & 3 William IV. Cap. LXIV. An Act to settle and describe the Divisions of Counties, and the Limits of Cities and Boroughs, in England and Wales, in so far as respects the Election of Members to serve in Parliament". London: His Majesty's statute and law printers. 1832. pp. 300–383. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 36–37. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  5. ^ Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 161. Retrieved 15 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 209. Retrieved 15 November 2018 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Newcastle Journal". 6 September 1845. p. 2. Retrieved 23 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ "The Elections—Sunderland and Southwark". Coventry Herald. 5 September 1845. p. 4. Retrieved 23 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  9. ^ "Election Intelligence". Bristol Mirror. 15 July 1837. p. 1. Retrieved 25 March 2019 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. ^ "Election Movements". The Examiner. 24 July 1847. pp. 8–10. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. ^ "The General Election". Morning Post. 24 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 364–365. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  13. ^ a b c d e "East Cornwall Election". The Cornishman. No. 92. 15 April 1880. p. 6.
  14. ^ "General Election". London Evening Standard. 9 July 1841. p. 4. Retrieved 5 April 2019 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  15. ^ "Cornwall". Cornish & Devon Post. 3 April 1880. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 19 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  16. ^ "East Cornwall Election". The Cornishman. Vol. 195, no. 185. 6 April 1882. p. 7.
  • Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
  • The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume II 1886-1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 6)
This page was last edited on 21 January 2024, at 03:23
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