In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development.[1] In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks).[2] The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers.[3] A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.[4][5][6]
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Transcription
This is a story about one way local governments get funding for community development. Here's Big City. Big City is in a major metropolitan area. A lot of people live there. Big City has problems they need money to fix. Their roads are bad. One of their neighborhoods has a lot of abandoned homes. Some of the buildings downtown are deteriorating. There aren't enough jobs. Working class families have a hard time finding places to live that they can actually afford. Here's Small Town. Small Town has the exact same problems. For both Big City and Small Town, the problems are so large there just isn't any way for the local government to pay for solutions on its own. That's where Community Development Block Grant (or CDBG) funding comes in. This is money from the federal government. Of course, the government isn't giving funding away for just anything. They say CDBG must go toward community development and at least 70% has to benefit people with low or moderate incomes. The rest of the funding can be used for blight elimination or disaster relief regardless of income. Big City says, "We can fix the bad roads in low income neighborhoods, eliminate blight, improve buildings everyone uses, build some affordable housing, and create jobs, so let's apply for CDBG." Because of their size and metropolitan status, Big City is actually entitled to CDBG funding. To get the money set aside for them, they send HUD something called a "Consolidated Plan" that says how they plan to use CDBG money to benefit low and moderate-income people living in Big City. Small Town is not entitled to funding like Big City. Small Town actually has to apply to the state government for CDBG funding, and their project has to fit into the community development goals the state chooses. Funding is competitive, so Small Town might not get anything. Big City and Small Town apply, and they both get funding. Now if they want, they can subgrant CDBG funds to local organizations that specialize in community and economic development. That's the Community Development Block Grant program in a nutshell. For technical information and application guidelines, visit hud.gov, or look around your state government's website to see which agencies administer CDBG funding.
Nomenclature
The nomenclature varies from state to state, such as common terms like "block" and others including community development block, panchayat union block, panchayat block, panchayat samiti block, development block, etc. All denote a CD Block, which is a subdivision of a district, exclusively for rural development.[7][6][4]
History
The concept of the community development block was first suggested by Grow More Food (GMF) Enquiry Committee in 1952 to address the challenge of multiple rural development agencies working without a sense of common objectives.[8] Based on the committee's recommendations, the community development programme was launched on a pilot basis in 1952 to provide for a substantial increase in the country's agricultural programme, and for improvements in systems of communication, in rural health and hygiene, and in rural education and also to initiate and direct a process of integrated culture change aimed at transforming the social and economic life of villagers.[9] The community development programme was rapidly implemented. In 1956, by the end of the first five-year plan period, there were 248 blocks, covering around a fifth of the population in the country. By the end the second five-year plan period, there were 3,000 blocks covering 70 per cent of the rural population. By 1964, the entire country was covered.[10]
Block Development Officer
In India, a Civil service officer of the rank of Block Development Officer (BDO) is the in-charge of a CD Block in India. BDO are usually officers of representative state-governments. BDO reports to the Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM).
Blocks statewise
State | CD Block | Number of CD Blocks |
---|---|---|
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | CD Block | 9[11] |
Andhra Pradesh | Mandal | 685 |
Arunachal Pradesh | Block or Circle | 112[12] |
Assam | Block | 219[5] |
Bihar | Block | 342 |
Chandigarh | Block | 3 |
Chhattisgarh | CD Block | 342 |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | CD Block | 342 |
Delhi | CD Block | 342 |
Goa | CD Block | 342 |
Gujarat | CD Block | 342 |
Haryana | Block | 142 |
Himachal Pradesh | CD Block | 342 |
Jammu and Kashmir | CD Block | 342 |
Jharkhand | Block | 263 |
Karnataka | CD Block | 342 |
Kerala | Block | 152 |
Ladakh | CD Block | 342 |
Lakshadweep | CD Block | 342 |
Madhya Pradesh | CD Block | 342 |
Maharashtra | CD Block | 342 |
Manipur | CD Block | 342 |
Meghalaya | CD Block | 342 |
Mizoram | CD Block | 342 |
Nagaland | CD Block | 342 |
Odisha | CD Block | 314 |
Puducherry | CD Block | 342 |
Punjab | CD Block | 342 |
Rajasthan | CD Block | 342 |
Sikkim | CD Block | 342 |
Tamilnadu | Taluk | 220 |
Telangana | Mandal | 342 |
Tripura | CD Block | 58 |
Uttar Pradesh | CD Block | 822[13] |
Uttarakhand | CD Block | 95 |
West Bengal | CD Block | 342[14][15] |
See also
References
- ^ Maheshwari, Shriram. "Rural Development and Bureaucracy in India". The Indian Journal of Public Administration. XXX (3): 1093–1100.
- ^ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad (1981). Tribal Development and Its Administration. Concept Publishing Company.
- ^ Sharma, Shailendra D. (1999). Development and Democracy in India. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. ISBN 9781555878108.
- ^ a b "Development Blocks | District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ a b CD Blocks of Assam. "Administrative setup".
- ^ a b "GUIDELINES FOR THE WORKING ARRANGEMENTS OF THE NEWLY CREATED ADDITIONAL BLOCK DEVELOPMENT OFFICERS IN THE PANCHAYAT UNION ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP" (PDF). Rural Development Department, Government of Tami Nadu.
- ^ "Block development offices; Kerala, Commissionerate of Rural Development".
- ^ Report of The Grow More Food Enquiry Committee. Government of India Ministry of Food and Agriculture. 1952.
- ^ "First Five Year Plan". Planning Commission. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ "The Failure of the Community Development Programme in India". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ About of the block. "Tehsil details".
- ^ Administrative setup. "Administrative setup" (PDF).
- ^ "Social Demography of Uttar Pradesh". Government of Uttar Pradesh official portal. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
- ^ "Census 2011, West Bengal" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ "Rural development in West Bengal". Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal homepage. Retrieved 19 September 2019.