Cologne School of Painting

The term Cologne School of Painting was first applied in the 19th century to describe old German paintings generally. It subsequently came to refer more specifically to painters who had their workshops in medieval Cologne and the lower-Rhine region from about 1300 to 1550.^[1]^[2]

YouTube Encyclopedic

1/3
Views:
3 262
9 543
2 167

Transcription

Style periods

Initially smaller altarpieces such as the Klaren Altar in the Cologne Cathedral from about 1360–70 were created, based on book paintings from around the year 1300.^[3] The mid-15th century is the high-point of this school, when Stefan Lochner (active 1442–1451) created the Altar of the City Patrons, which is considered to be the greatest masterpiece of the Cologne School.^[4] A third creative period followed, under the influence of Netherlandish painters such as Rogier van der Weyden.^[5] Rogier's influence is especially notable in the work of the outstanding representative of this final phase, the anonymous painter known as the Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece. For example, the latter's large Deposition of Christ resembles the same theme represented in the former's Escorial altarpiece, and the Master's heightened naturalism and emphasis on tear-stained features reflect Rogier's emotionalism.^[6]

Painters of the Cologne School

The artists of the Cologne School include Stefan Lochner and William of Cologne, as well as a number of artists identified only by the works they created:

Meister des Aachener Altars [de]
Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece
Meister der Heisterbacher Altars [de]
Meister der Ursulalegende [de]
Meister von St. Severin [de]
Meister von St. Laurenz [de]
Meister der Georgslegende [de]
Master of the Life of the Virgin
Meister der Heiligen Sippe der Ältere [de]
Meister der Heiligen Veronika [de]
Meister der Verherrlichung Mariae [de]
Meister der kleinen Passion [de]
Meister der Lyversberger Passion [de]
Master of the Wasservass Calvary
Meister der zwölf Apostel [de]
Meister des Palanter Altars [de]
Master of the Sinzig Calvary

The Cologne artists' quarter

The Cologne painters worked mainly in the area of Old Cologne around the Schildergasse, the artists' quarter, where sign painters were also active.^[7]

References

Zehnder, Frank Günter. 1989. Gotische Malerei in Köln: Altkölner Bilder von 1300 bis 1550. Wallraf-Richartz-Museum: Bildhefte zur Sammlung 3. Cologne: Wallraf-Richartz Museum.

Footnotes

^ Clarke, Michael, and Deborah Clarke. 2001. "Cologne School". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
^ Meyer, Hermann Julius. 1902–13. "Kölnische Malerschule". In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, sixth edition, 11:282. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
^ Zehnder 1989, p. 32.
^ Zehnder 1989, p. 61.
^ Zehnder 1989, pp. 69, 73.
^ Richards, John C. 2001. "Master of the S. Bartholomew Altarpiece". In The Oxford Companion to Western Art, edited by Hugh Brigstocke. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866203-7.
^ Schnorrenberg, Jakob. 1898. "Wilhelm von Herle". In Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 43, 224–26. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot.

Bloch, Peter, and Hermann Schitzler. 1967–70: Die Ottonische Kölner Malerschule, 2 vols. Düsseldorf: Verlag L. Schwann.
Brockmann, Harald. 1932. Die Spätzeit der Kölner Malerschule. Der Meister von St. Severin und der Meister der Ursulalegende. Jahresgabe des Kreises der Rheinischen Heimatfreunde. Forschungen zur Kunstgeschichte Westeuropas 6. Bonn and Leipzig: Schröder.
Budde, Rainer. 1986. Köln und seine Maler 1300–1500. DuMont Dokumente. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 9783770118922.
Budde, Rainer, and Roland Krischel (eds). 2001. Genie ohne Namen. Der Meister des Bartholomäus-Altars. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 978-3-7701-5299-5 (trade book edition); ISBN 978-3-7701-5300-8 (exhibition catalog edition).
Corley, Brigitte. 2009: Maler und Stifter des Spätmittelalters in Köln 1300-1500. Kiel: Verlag Ludwig. ISBN 9783937719788.
Förster, Otto H. 1927. Die Meisterwerke der alten Kölner Malerschule im Wallraf-Richartz-Museum. Cologne: Kölner Verlagsanstalt.
Merlo, Johann Jacob. 1852. Nachrichten von dem Leben und den Werken Kölnischer Künstler, vol. 2: Die Meister der altkölnischen Malerschule. Cologne: J. M. Heberle.
Reiners, Heribert. 1925. Die Kölner Malerschule. Monographien zur Geschichte der christlichen Kunst 5. Gladbach: B. Kühlen Kunst- und Verlagsanstalt.
Scheibler, Ludwig Adolf, and Carl Aldenhoven. 1902. Geschichte der Kölner Malerschule. Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde 13. Lübeck: J. Nöhring.
Stange, A. 1967. Kritisches Verzeichnis der deutschen Tafelbilder vor Dürer, vol. 1: Köln, Niederrhein, Westfalen, Hamburg, Lübeck und Niedersachsen. Bruckmanns Beiträge zur Kunstwissenschaft. Munich: Bruckmann.

Western, Modern and Contemporary art movements

List of art movements / Periods

Premodern
(Western)

Ancient	Thracian Dacian Nuragic Aegean Cycladic Minoan Minyan ware Mycenaean Greek Sub-Mycenaean Protogeometric Geometric Orientalizing Archaic Black-figure Red-figure Severe style Classical Kerch style Hellenistic "Baroque" Indo-Greek Greco-Buddhist Neo-Attic Etruscan Scythian Iberian Gaulish Roman Republican Gallo-Roman Julio-Claudian Pompeian Styles Trajanic Severan
Medieval	Late antique Early Christian Coptic Ethiopian Migration Period Anglo-Saxon Hunnic Insular Lombard Visigothic Donor portrait Pictish Mozarabic Repoblación Viking Byzantine Iconoclast Macedonian Palaeologan Italo-Byzantine Frankish Merovingian Carolingian Pre-Romanesque Ottonian Romanesque Mosan Spanish Norman Norman-Sicilian Opus Anglicanum Gothic International Gothic Lucchese School Crusades Novgorod School Duecento Sienese School Mudéjar Medieval cartography Italian school Majorcan school Mappa mundi
Renaissance	Italian Renaissance Trecento Proto-Renaissance Florentine School Pittura infamante Quattrocento Ferrarese School Forlivese School Venetian School Di sotto in sù Cinquecento High Renaissance Bolognese School Mannerism Counter-Maniera Northern Renaissance Early Netherlandish World landscape Ghent-Bruges school Northern Mannerism German Renaissance Cologne School Danube school Dutch and Flemish Renaissance Antwerp Mannerism Romanism Still life English Renaissance Tudor court Cretan School Turquerie Fontainebleau School
17th century	Baroque Flemish Baroque Caravaggisti in Utrecht Tenebrism Quadratura Louis XIII style Lutheran Baroque Stroganov School Animal painting Guild of Romanists Dutch Golden Age Delft School Capriccio Heptanese School Classicism Louis XIV style Poussinists and Rubenists
18th century	Rococo Rocaille Louis XV style Frederician Chinoiserie Fête galante Neoclassicism Goût grec Louis XVI style Adam style Directoire style Picturesque
Colonial art	Art of the African diaspora African-American Caribbean Haitian Colonial Asian art Arts in the Philippines Letras y figuras Tipos del País Colonial Asian Baroque Company style Latin American art Casta painting Indochristian art Chilote School Cusco School Quito School Latin American Baroque
Art borrowing Western elements	Islamic Moorish Manichaean Mughal Qajar Qing handicrafts Western influence in Japan Akita ranga Uki-e
Transition to modern (c. 1770–1862)	Romanticism Fairy painting Danish Golden Age Troubadour style Nazarene movement Purismo Shoreham Ancients Düsseldorf School Pre-Raphaelites Hudson River School American luminism Orientalism Norwich School Empire style Historicism Revivalism Biedermeier Realism Barbizon school Costumbrismo Verismo Macchiaioli Academic art Munich School in Greece Neo-Grec Etching revival

Modern
(1863–1944)

1863–1899	Neo-romanticism National romanticism Yōga Japonisme Anglo-Japanese style Beuron School Hague School Peredvizhniki Impressionism American Hoosier Group Boston School Amsterdam Canadian Heidelberg School Aestheticism Arts and Crafts Art pottery Tonalism Decadent movement Symbolism Romanian Russian Volcano School Incoherents Post-Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Luminism Divisionism Pointillism Pont-Aven School Cloisonnism Synthetism Les Nabis American Barbizon school California Tonalism Costumbrismo
1900–1914	Art Nouveau Primitivism California Impressionism Secessionism School of Paris Munich Secession Vienna Secession Berlin Secession Sonderbund Pennsylvania Impressionism Mir iskusstva Ten American Painters Fauvism Expressionism Die Brücke Der Blaue Reiter Noucentisme Deutscher Werkbund American Realism Ashcan School Cubism Proto-Cubism Orphism A Nyolcak Neue Künstlervereinigung München Futurism Cubo-Futurism Art Deco Metaphysical Rayonism Productivism Synchromism Vorticism
1915–1944	Sosaku-hanga Suprematism School of Paris Crystal Cubism Constructivism Latin American Universal Constructivism Dada Shin-hanga Neoplasticism De Stijl Purism Return to order Novecento Italiano Figurative Constructivism Stupid Cologne Progressives Arbeitsrat für Kunst November Group Australian tonalism Dresden Secession Social realism Functionalism Bauhaus Kinetic art Anthropophagy Mingei Group of Seven New Objectivity Grosvenor School Neues Sehen Surrealism Iranian Latin American Mexican muralism Neo-Fauvism Precisionism Aeropittura Asso Scuola Romana Cercle et Carré Harlem Renaissance Kapists Regionalism California Scene Painting Heroic realism Socialist realism Nazi art Streamline Moderne Concrete art Abstraction-Création The Ten Dimensionism Boston Expressionism Leningrad School

Contemporary
and Postmodern
(1945–present)

1945–1959	International Typographic Style Abstract expressionism Washington Color School Visionary art Vienna School of Fantastic Realism Spatialism Color field Lyrical abstraction Tachisme Arte Informale COBRA Nuagisme Generación de la Ruptura Jikken Kōbō Metcalf Chateau Mono-ha Nanyang Style Action painting American Figurative Expressionism in New York New media art New York School Hard-edge painting Bay Area Figurative Movement Les Plasticiens Gutai Art Association Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai Pop art Situationist International Soviet Nonconformist Ukrainian underground Lettrism Letterist International Ultra-Lettrist Florida Highwaymen Cybernetic art Antipodeans
1960–1969	Otra Figuración Afrofuturism Nueva Presencia ZERO Happening Neo-Dada Neo-Dada Organizers Op art Nouveau réalisme Nouvelle tendance Capitalist realism Art & Language Arte Povera Black Arts Movement The Caribbean Artists Movement Chicano art movement Conceptual art Land art Systems art Video art Minimalism Fluxus Generative art Post-painterly abstraction Intermedia Psychedelic art Nut Art Photorealism Environmental art Performance art Process art Institutional critique Light and Space Street art Feminist art movement in the US Saqqakhaneh movement The Stars Art Group Tropicália Yoru no Kai Artificial intelligence art
1970–1999	Post-conceptual art Installation art Artscene Postminimalism Endurance art Sots Art Moscow Conceptualists Pattern and Decoration Pliontanism Punk art Neo-expressionism Transavantgarde Saint Soleil School Guerrilla art Lowbrow art Telematic art Appropriation art Neo-conceptual art New European Painting Tunisian collaborative painting Memphis Group Cyberdelic Neue Slowenische Kunst Scratch video Retrofuturism Young British Artists Superfiction Taring Padi Superflat New Leipzig School Artist-run initiative Artivism The Designers Republic Grunge design Verdadism
2000– present	Amazonian pop art Altermodern Art for art Art game Art intervention Brandalism Classical Realism Contemporary African art Africanfuturism Contemporary Indigenous Australian art Crypto art Cyborg art Excessivism Fictive art Flat design Corporate Memphis Hypermodernism Hyperrealism Idea art Internet art Post-Internet iPhone art Kitsch movement Lightpainting Massurrealism Modern European ink painting Neo-futurism Neomodern Neosymbolism Passionism Post-YBAs Relational art Skeuomorphism Software art Sound art Stuckism Superflat SoFlo Superflat Superstroke Toyism Unilalianism Walking Artists Network

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia