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Clean IT Project

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Clean IT Project Banner[1]

The Clean IT Project is an online project initiated by the European Union, aiming to reduce or discourage online terrorism and further illegal activities via the internet. They aim to create a document that commits the internet industry to help governments discover content that incites acts of terrorism.[2] The main facilitators that undertook this project were the Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, and Spain. There are many more supporting EU members such as Hungary, Romania, and recently, Italy, but the main countries that have started the project are the 5 listed above.[1]

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Transcription

Once there was a Stone Age, a Bronze Age and now we are in the middle of the Plastic Age. Because every year we produce about 300,000,000 tons of plastic and fraction of that enters rivers, water ways and eventually the oceans. If you want to eat a biscuit nowadays we have to buy a biscuit within a plastic wrapper, within a plastic tray, within a cardboard box, within a plastic foil, within a plastic bag. It's not hazardous nuclear waste -- it's a biscuit. And this is me. I love diving just taking you through my holiday slides here. This is at the pristine Azores Islands and this is how their beaches look. Covered with plastic fragments. Due to sun and waves over the years the garbage breaks down into ever smaller pieces, but remains plastic. And, well interestingly, you don't see a lot of red particles in here because those look like food to birds more than any other color. So this is the result. And well, the debris primarily collects at these 5 rotating currents called the gyres, where it doesn't only directly kills sea life, but due to the absorption of PCBs and DDTs, also poisons the food chain. A food chain that includes us -- humans. And while diving in Greece I came across more plastic bags than fish and astounded by the depressing sights my Scottish dive buddy turned to me and said, "A lot of jellyfish is here, dear. Seen about a thousand." There were no jellyfish. I won't talk about environmental issues in general. I think the common response is, well that's a long way off. That's for our children to worry about. So hello, here I am. Why don't we just clean it up? There are a multiple reasons why current plastic pollution researchers believe we should focus on prevention, for example through education, rather than attempting a cleanup operation. Because we would need to deal with 5 colossal areas -- each moving around. Plastic sizes ranging from these massive ghost nets to molecules -- bycatches and emissions. Furthermore we would need to get all the plastic back to land. It would need to be financially realistic and in fact the total amount of plastic within the gyres [is] unknown. But about a year ago, when I was on my way to the hairdresser's and I must admit I don't go there often but I had this little epiphany. I saw even old people throwing rubbish in the water and I thought, well some people will just never learn, will they? We'll need the combination of both roads and we'll need them soon. So then I simply used this list of concerns as challenges, and in fact a week later as a school assignment, I had a chance to spend a lot of time on a subject of choice together with a friend of mine. And this gave me the perfect opportunity to do new and fundamental research regarding plastic pollution. I then went on a holiday to Greece taking this manta trawl with me, which is the common device for sampling plastic, and so I had to leave home all my clothes due to low cost airlines weight limit policies. Well, the trawl we built, however, is 15 times finer than the regular one. And what we discovered was that the count of those minute particles is in fact 40 times higher than the larger particles. So we have to take these small plastics out, but then we wouldn't want to take the important plankton out as well. Luckily these could simply be separated using centrifugal forces. However, nobody knew how much G forces common zoo-plankton could survive. So we took the trawl out again, and we didn't have a boat, so and we tested it, and in fact they can survive over 50 Gs, which is more than enough for successful separation. And then in order to know up to which depth the ocean surface should be cleaned, we designed and built something that I call the multilevel trawl. We basically stuck ten trawls on top of each other. Here you can see us testing that on the North Sea, I thought it was a great day -- I was the only one who didn't get sick but then the so perfectly working trawl broke and of course we didn't quit there, because I believe you can't clean up something you don't know the size of. I've heard the estimations ranging from several hundred thousand tons all the way to a hundred million tons. I knew we really need a better estimate -- some scientific data. So then I simply contacted some professors from the universities Delft, Utrecht and Hawaii -- who then actually helped us in determining how much plastic there is in the top layers of the gyres. The result -- a whopping 7.25 million tons of extractable plastic in 2020. That's the weight of 1,000 Eiffel towers floating in the gyres. Now, researcher and effect discoverer of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Charles Moore estimates it would take 79,000 years to remediate that. However, I believe the Great Pacific Garbage Patch can completely clean itself in just 5 years. And that is a difference of 78,995 years. Well, of course, this is the conventional idea of extracting litter, so you have a vessel and a net fishing for plastic. Of course multiple vessels could be used to cover a larger area, but by spanning booms between those vessels, suddenly a much larger area would be covered, because the essence is not to catch the debris, but divert it. Because there is no mesh size, we can even get out the smallest particles, and since all organisms can simply move under the booms, we'll be able to eliminate bycatches by 99.98%. But, if we want to do something different shouldn't we also have to think differently. For example then: the absorption of PCBs by plastic is not such a bad thing, it's a good thing. Get all the plastic out and simultaneously remove tons and tons of persistent organic pollutants from the marine environment. But how would we minimize environmental, financial and transportation cost then? Let's use our enemy to our advantage, OK? The oceanic currents moving around is not an obstacle -- it's a solution. Why move through the oceans if the oceans can move through you? By fixing the "ships" to the seabed and letting the rotating currents do their work -- vast amounts of funds, manpower and emissions will be saved. The platforms will, of course, be completely self-supportive receiving their energy from sun, currents and waves. And inspired by my diving at the Azores, It now actually seems that the best shape for these platforms is that of a Manta Ray, by letting its wings sway like a real manta, we can assure contact of the inlet with the surface even in the roughest weather. Well, imagine a zigzag array of just 24 of these platforms cleaning an entire ocean. Let's make a comparison, OK? These are the beaches of Hong Kong, earlier this year. The largest plastic spill in history. And this is their source, just 6 containers. How much could we get out? Over 55 of these containers per day. Not only is plastic directly responsible for over a billion USD in vessel damages a year, no, the awesome surprise for me was that if we sell the plastics retrieved from the 5 gyres we'd make over $500,000,000 and this is in fact more than the plan would cost to execute. In other words -- it's profitable. But I believe that the key thing is that only if we realize change is more important than money, money will come. And yes, it will be one of the largest environmental rescue operations yet, but we created this mess. Heck, we even invented this new material first before we made this mess, so please don't tell me we can't clean this up together. Thank you very much. (Applause)

Objectives

As stated on the project website, the objectives of the Clean IT Project include:

  1. The initiation of a public and private dialogue regarding illegal activities on the internet, especially focused on terrorist activities. The objective is to consider both the public and private interests of the Clean IT project so that both parties would have the proper motivation when engaging in it. Additionally, this aims to set a clear and shared understanding of what online terrorism is and the categories that it entails through a public and private dialogue.
  2. The creation of a general set of guidelines between the private and public sectors when managing online terrorist threats. This project's objective is not to set a strict legislative statement on online terrorism but to provide a set of guidelines and notions for both the government and the private corporations on online terrorism.
  3. The affirmation of a set of proceedings that eventually reduces the terrorists' influences on the internet. These proceedings are offered to the public and private sectors as guidelines, not necessarily a set of rules. Both parties may implement the indicated measures voluntarily to their own benefits.[1]

History

Before the Internet was created, the transmittance of information between mediums was limited by distance. However, since modernization and constant development of this resource, we are now able to communicate with people across the world by a means of a couple clicks and keystrokes. While we have seen many benefits through the creation of the Internet, this extension of freedom has also led to many setbacks, which the Clean IT project strives to solve. Clean IT is particularly concerned with possible terrorist attacks. The ease of accessibility to reach individuals and corporations, harness large amounts of information, and manipulate systems can all be derived from this common source, and for these key reasons, Europe has made large strides in making their vision of clean Internet technology a reality.

This project was drafted through an open dialogue between the private corporations and government agencies which started in June 2011 and had concluded in March 2013. This process involved 6 meetings in Amsterdam, Madrid, Brussels, Berlin, Utrecht, and Vienna, where a project team facilitated the conversation for Clean IT. This dialogue involved over 110 participants: representatives from both the government and private corporations as well as experts and academics in the related fields. Once a revision had been made on the document after every meeting, the document was released to the general public in order to consider their opinion as well. The final version of the document was released on 21 January 2013, which included a detailed analysis of online terrorist activities and nine general guidelines that suggest the best practices or ways to reduce online terrorism.

On their website they state that their goal is to "To start a constructive public-private dialogue about terrorist use of the Internet". To further elaborate, the Clean IT project has created a set of guidelines that would be supported by public and private parties, a code of conduct on how to deal with possible terrorist attacks online. The solution, they state, is made on a case-by-case basis with one basic principle that has upset many, "Any action taken to reduce the terrorist use of the Internet must comply with national and European laws and regulations, and respect fundamental rights and freedoms, including access to the Internet, freedoms of assembly and expression, privacy and data protection".[1]

Partnerships and participants

Initial project partners

Supporting governmental partners

Governments/Ministries that joined the project:

Other participants (civil society, industry, law enforcement and intelligence)

These persons or organizations attended Clean IT events and/or exchanged views to contribute to the project. (List explicitly includes only the names of those who made their attendance public)

[1]

Opposition

Many individuals fear that the actions of this project will continue to grow and possibly restrict use of the Internet. The project would require Internet users to use their real name in all online communication and punish individual for linking to "terrorist content", making no distinction between searching for educational or malicious purposes. Many activist groups and individuals are deeply concerned regarding the scope of the government's capabilities of keeping an eye on the general public. If the past is an indicator, the Clean IT project will see opposition if the Internet community bands together with a worldwide protest, such as one that was successfully able to kill ACTA.[3] A recently leaked document has raised the concern that the initiative has drifted away from its initial aims of fighting the illegal activities and online terrorism. Their broad, vague and widespread approach to online security has arisen concern for internet freedom in addition to the project's dedication to defending the law. The leaked document reveals measures that would allow the removal of lawful content and several other factors including the implementation of blocking systems. There is also the issue of private corporations being involved in the equation of this agreement in the Clean IT project where their personal interests are also intervening with the issue.[4]

The leaked document includes the following proposals:[5]

  • Removal of any legislation preventing filtering/surveillance of employees' Internet connections
  • Law enforcement authorities should be able to have content removed "without following the more labour-intensive and formal procedures for 'notice and action'”
  • "Knowingly" providing links to "terrorist content" (the draft does not refer to content which has been ruled to be illegal by a court, but undefined "terrorist content" in general) will be an offence "just like" the terrorist
  • Legal underpinning of "real name" rules to prevent anonymous use of online services
  • ISPs to be held liable for not making "reasonable" efforts to use technological surveillance to identify (undefined) "terrorist" use of the Internet
  • Companies providing end-user filtering systems and their customers should be liable for failing to report "illegal" activity identified by the filter
  • Customers should also be held liable for "knowingly" sending a report of content which is not illegal
  • Governments should use the helpfulness of ISPs as a criterion for awarding public contracts
  • The proposal on blocking lists contradict each other, on the one hand providing comprehensive details for each piece of illegal content and judicial references, but then saying that the owner can appeal (although if there was already a judicial ruling, the legal process would already have been at an end) and that filtering such be based on the "output" of the proposed content regulation body, the "European Advisory Foundation"
  • Blocking or "warning" systems should be implemented by social media platforms – somehow it will be both illegal to provide (undefined) "Internet services" to "terrorist persons" and legal to knowingly provide access to illegal content, while "warning" the end-user that they are accessing illegal content
  • The anonymity of individuals reporting (possibly) illegal content must be preserved... yet their IP address must be logged to permit them to be prosecuted if it is suspected that they are reporting legal content deliberately and to permit reliable informants' reports to be processed more quickly
  • Companies should implement upload filters to monitor uploaded content to make sure that content that is removed – or content that is similar to what is removed – is not re-uploaded
  • It proposes that content should not be removed in all cases but "blocked" (i.e. make inaccessible by the hosting provider – not "blocked" in the access provider sense) and, in other cases, left available online but with the domain name removed.

Anonymous

On 12 September 2012, the world-renowned hacker group Anonymous made a statement in a video online indicating their opposition to the Clean IT project. They highlight the ambiguity of the notion of "cyber terrorism" and the possibility that the government will twist the definition of this term in order to censor internet usage at home. The Anonymous also argue that this Clean IT project will violate the two main principles of the online environment which are Internet anonymity and Internet neutrality. The group argues that if this project goes under way, everyone on the internet will be required to reveal their names and personal privacy will be void. They argue that they are not for the idea of cyber terrorism but they believe that limiting the rights is not the only way of combating such threats. The anonymous message ends with a threat to the European government by saying that the group is willing to break down any kinds of rules and restrictions in order to put a stop to the project.[6]

EDRi

European Digital Rights is a group that was created to defend the civil rights of the people in the information society. This group has actively spoken out against the Clean IT project by not only saying that the project itself is a violation of privacy but they highlight a very key aspect in the final published version of the Clean IT project document that there is a huge amount of censorship power that involves the interest of the private filtering companies. The whole dialogue that was created by the Clean IT project was not a government centered dialogue but it was a government with a few multi corporate companies to counter online terrorism. However, during the process, EDRi suggests that the private companies' personal interests had been readily involved in the project document itself. The fact the document does not specify the term for what contents to block implies that the censored content depends on the reliability of the companies that provide the internet content. Also EDRi points out that the term "block" in the document is also used very vaguely in the sense that some customers will be limited and others will not be which suggests an unequal exposure to certain content. These two principles imply, EDRi suggests that the private companies have a considerable influence on the project itself and the disclosure of information.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Clean IT Project". The Clean IT project. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  2. ^ Winterford, Brett. "Clean IT project considers terrorist content database".
  3. ^ "Leaked Clean IT Document Is Frightening". 25 September 2012.
  4. ^ "Clean IT – Leak shows plans for large-scale, undemocratic surveillance of all communications". EDRi. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Clean IT Project - Detailed Recommendations Document for Best Practice and Permanent Dialogue" (PDF).
  6. ^ "Anonymous - The Clean IT Project (#OpNoCleanIT)". Anon796D7573. Retrieved 20 March 2014.

External links

This page was last edited on 5 November 2023, at 17:12
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