To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Chlorpropamide

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chlorpropamide
Clinical data
Trade namesDiabinese
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682479
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability>90%
Protein binding90%
Metabolism<1%
Elimination half-life36 hours
ExcretionRenal (glomerular filtration → reabsorption → tubular secretion)
Identifiers
  • 4-chloro-N-(propylcarbamoyl)benzenesulfonamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.002.104 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H13ClN2O3S
Molar mass276.74 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point126 to 130 °C (259 to 266 °F)
  • O=S(=O)(c1ccc(Cl)cc1)NC(=O)NCCC
  • InChI=1S/C10H13ClN2O3S/c1-2-7-12-10(14)13-17(15,16)9-5-3-8(11)4-6-9/h3-6H,2,7H2,1H3,(H2,12,13,14) checkY
  • Key:RKWGIWYCVPQPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Chlorpropamide is an antidiabetic drug, belonging to the sulfonylurea class of organic compounds. It is used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It is a long-acting first-generation sulfonylurea.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    958
    9 047
    1 303
    34 821
    25 002
  • Chlorpropamide (Diabinese) - Uses, Dosing, Side Effects | Pharmacist Review
  • Sulfonylureas and Hypoglycemia: Understanding the Risk-Benefit Profile
  • Easiest Way to Remember Chemical Structure - Chlorpropamide
  • Sulfonylurease Mechanism of Action | Anti Diabetic Drugs | Sulfonylurease | Diabetes Mellitus
  • Insulin (Overview) Mnemonic for NCLEX | Nursing Pharmacology

Transcription

Mechanism of action

Like other sulfonylureas, chlorpropamide acts to increase the secretion of insulin, so it is only effective in patients who have some pancreatic beta cell function. It can cause relatively long episodes of hypoglycemia; this is one reason why shorter-acting sulfonylureas such as gliclazide or tolbutamide are used instead. The risk of hypoglycemia makes this drug a poor choice for the elderly and patients with mild to moderate hepatic and renal impairment. Chlorpropamide is also used in partial central diabetes insipidus.[1]

Pharmacokinetics

Maximal plasma concentrations are reached 3 to 5 hours after quick and nearly complete (>90%) resorption from the gut. plasma half life is 36 hours; the drug is effective for about 24 hours, longer than other sulfonylureas. A stable plasma level is only reached after three days of continuous application. 90% of the drug are bound to plasma proteins; at least two albumin binding sites exist. More than 99% of chlorpropamide are excreted unchanged via the kidneys. It is first filtrated in the glomeruli, then reabsorbed, and finally secreted into the tubular lumen.[1]

Cautions and contraindications

Chlorpropamide and other sulfonylureas encourage weight gain, so they are generally not favored for use in very obese patients. Metformin (Glucophage) is considered a better drug for these patients. Sulfonylureas should be used with caution or generally avoided in patients with hepatic and renal impairment, patients with porphyria, patients who are breastfeeding, patients with ketoacidosis, and elderly patients.[1][2] Chlorpropamide, while effective in the treatment of diabetics in patients of Chinese descent, should never be used in people of Mongolian descent.[citation needed]

Other side effects

The most common side effects are skin related, such as rashes, photoallergy and (in rare cases) Stevens–Johnson syndrome.[1] Less common side effects of chlorpropamide include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.[2] It may cause facial flushing after the ingestion of alcohol.[3] In very high doses it can increase secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which can lead to hyponatremia.[1] It also markedly raises the serum level of alkaline phosphatase.[citation needed]

Chemical properties

Chlorpropamide is a white crystalline powder with no characteristic taste or smell. It exhibits polymorphism. Its acid dissociation constant pKa is 5.0 at 20 °C.[1]

Solubility

Solvent Solubility[1]
Water, pH 6 1:450
Water, pH 7.3 insoluble
Acetone 1:5
Dichlormethane 1:9
Ethanol 1:12
Diethylether 1:200

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Dinnendahl V, Fricke U, eds. (2010). Arzneistoff-Profile (in German). Vol. 4 (23 ed.). Eschborn, Germany: Govi Pharmazeutischer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7741-9846-3.
  2. ^ a b "Chlorpropamide". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
  3. ^ Fitzgerald MG, Gaddie R, Malins JM, O'Sullivan DG (1962). "Alcohol sensitivity in diabetics receiving chlorpropromide". Diabetes. 11: 40–3. PMID 13893349.
This page was last edited on 31 December 2023, at 21:53
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.