To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

How to transfigure the Wikipedia

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

Try it — you can delete it anytime.

Install in 5 seconds
4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
Great Wikipedia has got greater.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Children's television series

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with educational television, instructional television, or non-commercial educational station.
"Children's television" redirects here. For the company originally known as the "Children's Television Workshop", see Sesame Workshop.
Sesame Street is named as one of the most well-known children's television series.

Children's television series (or children's television shows) are television programs designed specifically for children. They are typically characterised by easy-going content devoid of sensitive or adult-facing themes and are normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake, immediately before and after school schedules generally start country-by-country. Educational themes are also prevalent, as well as the transmission of cautionary tales and narratives which teach problem-solving methods in some fashion or another, such as social disputes.

The purpose of these shows, outside of profit, is mainly to entertain or educate. Complicating matters somewhat is that not all children's programs are equal: some are aimed at infants and toddlers,[1] some are aimed at those aged 6 to 11 years old, and then there is broadcast content for adolescents and those aimed at all children.[2]

The dominance of YouTube in the 21st Century has also seen the platform become a crucial platform for children's content, with some channels aimed at preteen viewers being among the most followed channels globally. The quality of some children's programs on YouTube, particularly those aimed at younger children, has before led to widespread controversy,[3][4] culminating in the 2010s as what became known as Elsagate.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/2
    Views:
    1 766 927
    47 270
  • 26 Outrageous Truths About Children's Television - mental_floss on YouTube (Ep.50)
  • Inside Out - Bully 1973 PBS original instructional television program

Transcription

Hi, I’m John Green. Welcome to my salon. This is Mental Floss on YouTube. Did you know that a young Bill Nye worked on a local comedy show in Seattle called Almost Live? During one episode, the show’s host said “jigowatt,” meaning “gigawatt.” And the story goes that Bill jumped in to correct him and the host snapped, “Who do you think you are, Bill Nye the Science Guy?” The name stuck. And that’s the first of many outrageous truths about children’s television I’m going to share with you today. In 2000, People Magazine included Steve from Blue’s Clues on their list of “America’s 100 Most Eligible Bachelors.” And they weren’t the only ones to take notice. A New York Times profile on Steve observed that he “developed an avid following among both preteen girls and mothers...the latter scrutinize the show with an intensity that might make even Elmo blush.” So congratulations to the New York Times for that weird, misogynistic editorializing. Schoolhouse Rock was created by Bob Dorough in the 1970s. His boss told him, “My sons can’t memorize their times tables, yet they sing along with Jimi Hendrix and the Rolling Stones, and they get THEIR words.” Dorough was initially unsure if combining education and rock and roll would work, but the show took off and aired through 1985. By the way, Dorough’s personal favorite song was “Lolly, Lolly, Lolly, Get Your Adverbs Here” about three generations of a family who sold adverbs. And he sang all three parts. In 1997, over 700 people in Japan experienced seizures, vomiting, and eye problems after watching an episode of Pokémon. In the episode, the characters go into a computer and destroyed a virus, which causes Pikachu’s eyes to flash red and led to a television-induced seizure in many viewers, mostly children. Mark says that this is a Pokémon. Not my area of expertise. So as you may know, the Internet has a theory[a] that Barney is Satan. No real surprise there, but let me take you through the argument. You take the phrase “Cute Purple Dinosaur” and then replace the letter “U’s” with “V’s,” as the ancient Romans would. Then you pick the Roman numerals out of that phrase, which it just so happens to add up to 666. COINCIDENCE? Yes, definitely. I mean… decide for yourself. Sometimes nineties nostalgia strikes at weird times. Like in 2012 when there was an Adventures of Pete & Pete reunion show featuring an appearance by the fictional band: Polaris. The group spent time rehearsing at a warehouse in Providence and the grungy punk band playing next door came over and said, “Are you a Polaris cover band?” Truly only nineties kids will get that. Nickelodeon aired new episodes of the Rugrats from 1991 to 2004. Since the premiere episode was Tommy’s first birthday, if he aged naturally throughout the series, he would have been 13 by the time it ended. The Powerpuff Girls were originally named the Whoopass Girls[b]. Creator Craig McCracken started a short in college called “Whoopass Stew!” before Cartoon Network bought the idea and changed the name, you know, to tone it down a bit. Now South Park is known for parodies, but sometimes other shows beat them at their own game including, believe it or not, Arthur[c]. In a 1999 episode, the gang from Arthur entered a contest to write an episode of a TV show. Buster’s idea was shown in the animation style of South Park, complete with Buster getting killed by a spaceship and Francine saying, “Hey! You squished Buster!” That was my Francine impression. I know it was excellent. Reading Rainbow was on PBS for 21 seasons, but that wasn’t enough for host LeVar Burton. Along with his business partner, Burton spent 18 months acquiring all of the rights to the show, so they could create an app version. The app launched in 2012 and has been enormously successful. As if you needed more reason to believe that LeVar Burton is the coolest person in the world. Well, it’s actually a three-way tie with T&G co-stars Wil Wheaton and Patrick Stewart. Scooby-Doo’s name was originally “Too Much.” But right before production started, one of the creators of the program heard the Frank Sinatra song “Strangers in the Night” and was inspired by the refrain: “Dooby-dooby-doo.” Is that copyright infringement? No, apparently my singing was not good enough for that to be copyright infringement. Remember in the nineties when people who had way too much free time were up in arms because they thought that Tinky Winky, the Teletubby, was gay? Well, this rumor got so huge that people involved with the creation of the Teletubbies had to make official statements. The BBC responded, “Tinky Winky is simply a sweet, technological baby with a magic bag.” And a representative for the company that licensed the show in the U.S. said, “The fact that he carries a magic bag doesn’t make him gay.” Chuckle. The cartoon Rocko’s Modern Life is known for its hidden inappropriate innuendos. One example is the restaurant in the show, “Chokey Chicken,” a possible reference to masturbation. The name of the restaurant was eventually changed, by the way, to “Chewy Chicken.” A few different Jack Russell Terriers played Wishbone on the TV show of the same name, but the main dog actor was named Soccer. Now, I’m not calling Soccer a sellout, but he was also known for his commercial work, with companies like Nike and Mighty Dog Dog Food. Meanwhile, our office dog, Alex, can’t book a role to save her life. I mean, the only thing she’s ever done is, like, be in our hot dog eating contest. The creators of Yo Gabba Gabba!, Christian Jacobs and Scott Schultz, started as directing partners who worked on music and skateboarding videos. After the men became fathers, they were struck by how unimpressive children’s programming was, so they developed their own show, despite having no experience with children’s TV or writing. The show took off when Napoleon Dynamite director, Jared Hess, found it on the Internet and sent it to a Nickelodeon exec and ever since, I’ve been hanging out with DJ Lance Rock. All right, we’ve gotta speed this up! Little Richard sang the Magic School Bus theme song. Sesame Street has won over a hundred Emmys, by far the most Emmys of any television program ever. When Michael Cera was 14, he voiced Brother Bear in The Berenstain Bears. Lamb Chop is still performing today with Shari Lewis’s daughter, Mallory. They do a lot of performances for the military who promoted the puppet to a three-star general. Miranda Cosgrove earns $180,000 for each episode of iCarly. Compare that with Miley Cyrus who earned $15,000 per episode of Hannah Montana. In 2011, the Fox News program Fox and Friends spent a segment devoted to whether the SpongeBob book, SpongeBob Goes Green!, was pushing the political agenda that climate change is real. Johnny Knoxville has cited Tom & Jerry as a major influence on Jackass. Kermit the Frog of The Muppets was originally made out of Jim Hensen’s mother’s coat and ping pong balls. To be clear, those were the eyes. Inspector Gadget’s nemesis, Dr. Claw, is never shown in any episode. But he does have an action figure that has a face. Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie already had three kids when Jolie got pregnant with twins. To help the other three understand, they showed their kids an episode of Dora the Explorer about twins. And lastly, we return to the salon so I can tell you that in 2001, Bob the Builder covered “Mambo No. 5” with relevant lyrics like “A little bit of tiling on the roof.” That version hit number one on the UK charts. Thanks for watching Mental Floss here on YouTube, which is made with the help of these nice people. Every week we endeavor to answer one of your mind-blowing questions. This week’s question comes from Victor Kugler who asks “What was the first flavour of ice cream?” That’s a fantastic question, Victor, I don’t know the answer. By the way, this is kind of a Transformer ice cream cone. It starts out as an ice cream cone and then it becomes a little person! But Meredith tells me it depends on how loosely you want to define “ice cream.” Like in the 6th century, people in the Persian Empire would combine snow with grape-juice concentrate, and that was sort of ice cream. But, the first known ice cream recipe involving actual cream comes from England in the early 1700s. The recipe mentions multiple fruits as flavor options including cherry, raspberry, and lemon. So one of those. If you have a mind-blowing question please leave it in comments and we’ll endeavor to answer as many as possible. Thanks for watching Mental Floss here on YouTube and as we say in my hometown - Don’t forget to be awesome. [a]We'll want text probably: "CUTE PURPLE DINOSAUR" --> "CVTE PVRPLE DINOSAVR" --> "C V V L D I V" --> "100 5 5 50 500 1 5" --> These add up to 666 [b]Can we say this on the show? It's just too good to not include. Maybe with a bleep? Or alternate: "'The Whoop-A Girls.' Only the 'A' was an actual curse word that we can’t say on this show. Creator Craig McCracken created a short in college called 'Whoop-A Stew!'" [c]Maybe we can link? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQ6AdWpll1Y at 2:10

History

Children's television is nearly as old as television itself.[5] In the UK, the BBC's Children's Hour was first broadcast in 1946, and is in anglocentric circles generally credited with being the first TV programme specifically for children.[6]

Some authors posit television for children tended to originate from similar programs on radio. Running with the UK example, the BBC's Children's Hour was launched as a radio broadcast in 1922,[7] with BBC School Radio commencing live broadcasts in 1924.

In the early 1930s US media landscape, radio adventure serials such as Little Orphan Annie began to emerge and became a staple of children's afternoon radio listening.[8]

Evolution of style in the US and beyond

Early children's shows included Kukla, Fran and Ollie (1947), Howdy Doody, and Captain Kangaroo. Another show, Ding Dong School, aired from 1952 to 1965. Its creator and host, Frances Horwich, would sit in front of the camera and simulate small talk with the viewing audience at home, demonstrating basic skills for the camera.

This practice lives on in contemporary children's broadcasting as a genre in of itself, with Australia's ongoing program Play School one example.

At one time, a program called Winky Dink and You took a more interactive approach, prompting its viewers to affix a clear vinyl sheet to their television and draw pictures to match what was going on on-screen. This format did not persist, nor was it replicated, due to a number of factors unrelated to its popularity: children whose parents did not buy them the vinyl sheet would draw with crayons directly on the television screen itself, potentially causing expensive damage; there were also concerns that having children within arm's length of a television screen of the era could expose them to harmful radiation.[9]

Later and more recognisably modern shows for young children include Sesame Street, The Electric Company and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. In the 1990s, more children's television series such as Barney & Friends, Blue's Clues, SpongeBob SquarePants, Bear in the Big Blue House, and The Big Comfy Couch were created.

A voluminous range of children's television programming now exists in the 2020s.

Notable successes outside the US include shows like Play School, Noggin the Nog, Thunderbirds, Mr. Men and Thomas & Friends originating from the UK, Le Manege Enchantè from France, The Singing Ringing Tree from Germany, and Marine Boy from Japan.

Canadian studio Nelvana is a particularly prolific producer of children's programming. Much of Nelvana's product is broadcast worldwide, especially in the US, where the similarities in dialect do not require any dubbing or localization.

Role of advertising

In the United States, early children's television was often co-opted as a platform to market products and it rarely contained any educational elements (for instance, The Magic Clown, a popular early children's program, was primarily an advertisement for Bonomo's Turkish taffy.) In the early years of television, advertising to children posed a dilemma as most children have no disposable income of their own. As such, children's television was not a particularly high priority for the networks.[10]

This practice continued in a toned-down manner through the 1980s in the United States after the Federal Communications Commission prohibited tie-in advertising on broadcast television. These regulations did not apply to cable, which remains out of the reach of the FCC's content regulations.

Due in significant part to the success of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe,[11] the 1980s saw a dramatic rise in television programs featuring characters of whom toy characters were being sold to retail consumers in bricks and mortar stores, underscoring the value potential of manufacturing merchandise for fans of children's programs. This practice remains firmly embedded in the broadcast sector's business case broadly in the 2020s.

Commercial-free children television was first introduced with Sesame Street on PBS in November 1969. It was produced by what is now known as Sesame Workshop (formerly CTW).

Saturday morning cartoon blocks

Main article: Saturday morning cartoon

In the United States, Saturday mornings were generally scheduled with cartoon from the 1960s to 1980's.

In 1992, teen comedies and a "Today" show weekend edition were first to displace the cartoon blocks on NBC.[12] Starting in September 2002, the networks turned to affiliated cable cartoon channels or outside programmers for their blocks.[13]

On September 27, 2014, the last traditional Saturday network morning cartoon block, Vortexx, ended and was replaced the following week by the syndicated One Magnificent Morning on The CW.[12]

Demographics

Children's television series can target a wide variety of key demographics based on age and gender. Few television networks target infants and toddlers under two years of age.[14]

British animated series Toot the Tiny Tugboat, aimed at preschool viewers

Preschool-oriented programming is generally more overtly educational. In a number of cases, such shows are produced in consultation with educators and child psychologists in an effort to teach age-appropriate lessons (the series Sesame Street pioneered this approach when it debuted in 1969).[15] A format that has increased in popularity since the 1990s is the "pseudo-interactive" program, in which the action of the show stops and breaks the fourth wall to give a young viewer the opportunity to answer a question or dilemma put forth on the show, with the action continuing as if the viewer answered correctly.

Shows that target the demographic of persons 6 to 11 years old focus primarily on entertainment and can range from comedic cartoons to action series. Most children's television series targeting this age range are animated (with a few exceptions, perhaps the best-known being the long-running Power Rangers franchise). Typically, programs are either 'for boys' or 'for girls'.

The teen demographic targets viewers 12 to 17 years of age. Live-action series that target this demographic are more dramatic and developed, including teen dramas and teen sitcoms. In some cases, they may contain more mature content that is usually not permissible on shows targeting younger viewers, and can include some profanity or suggestive dialogue.

Educational programming targeted at this demographic has historically been rare, other than on NASA TV's education block. However, some programming aimed at the demographic has had some tangential educational value in regard to social issues, such as the now-defunct TNBC block of sitcoms, which often tackled issues such as underage drinking or drug use.

Under-represented groups

See also: Cartoon Network and LGBT representation and LGBT representation in children's television

According to at least one journalist, for years, Broadcast Standards and Practices departments of networks, Parental Guidelines, and campaigns by social conservatives limited "efforts to make kids animation more inclusive."[16]

One former executive of Disney, David Levine, said that "a lot of conservative opinion" drove what was depicted on Cartoon Network, Disney Channel, and other alike channels. Some argued that cable television, which began to pick up in the 1990s, "opened the door for more representation" even though various levels of approvals remained.[17]

Through the 2000s', advocacy group GLAAD repeatedly highlighted the lack of LGBT representation in children's programming in particular.[18][19][20][21][22] Two years later, they recorded the highest number of LGBTQ characters they ever recorded up to that point.[23]

In 2017, some said that LGBTQ+ characters in animated television were somewhat rare,[24][25] despite the fact that GLAAD praised the number of characters in broadcast and primetime television.[26][27][28]

From 2017 to 2019, Insider noted that there was a "more than 200% spike in queer and gender-minority characters in children's animated TV shows."[17] In 2018 and 2019, GLAAD stated that Amazon, Hulu, and Netflix, had increased LGBTQ representation in "daytime kids and family television."[29][30]

In their January 2021 report, GLAAD praised LGBTQ representation in episodes of DuckTales, The Owl House and Adventure Time: Distant Lands.[31] Despite this, some industry practitioners state that more than 90% of LGBTQ characters in kid's animated shows within Insider's database of characters in children's animated television shows "require either a cable, satellite, streaming, or internet subscription to view them on first airing."[32]

Channels

United States

In the United States, there are three major commercial cable networks dedicated to children's television. All three also operate secondary services with specialized scopes drawing upon their respective libraries, such as a focus on specific demographics, or a focus upon classic programming that fall within their scope and demographics; all three have also extensively franchised their brands outside the United States.

  • Nickelodeon, the first children's television channel, launched in 1979 (though its history traces back to the 1977 launch of QUBE's C-3 channel);[33] it consists largely of original series aimed at children, preteens and young teenagers, including animated series, to live-action comedy and action series, as well as series aimed at preschoolers, and appeals to adult and adolescent audiences with a lineup of mainly live-action sitcom reruns and a limited amount of original programming on Nick at Nite.
  • Cartoon Network, launched in 1992, is devoted primarily to animated programming. It primarily targets children 6–12, while its early morning Cartoonito is aimed at preschoolers and kindergarteners aged 2–6, and its overnight daypart block Adult Swim targets older teenagers and young adults, 18–34.
    • Cartoon Network operates one digital cable: Boomerang, a channel that specializes in programs centered around classic brands that parent company Warner Bros. Discovery owns (particularly Hanna-Barbera, MGM and Warner Bros. Animation), along with some imported programs, reruns of Cartoon Network original programs, and burn-off properties. Warner Bros. Discovery also operates Discovery Family (along with its Spanish-language counterpart Discovery Familia), a joint venture with Hasbro that Warner Bros. acquired a majority stake in along with its merger with Discovery Channel and carries animated programming in daytime along with family-oriented factual programming (including Discovery library programs) at nighttime.
  • Disney Channel launched in 1983 as a premium channel; it consists of original first-run television series, theatrically released and original made-for-cable movies, and select other third-party programming. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a pay-TV service – originally marketed its programs towards families during the 1980s, and later at younger children by the 1990s, and primarily at teenybopper females aged 13–16 between 2006 and 2017, before returning to families.
    • Disney Channel operates two digital channels separate from the main service: Disney Junior, which launched in 2011 and primarily broadcasts animated series catered towards a preschool audience, and Disney XD, which caters primarily to an older youth audience with an action-oriented focus. Disney does not have a traditional television outlet for its archival programming, which it has historically kept in a proverbial vault with limited access; much of its programming is available through Disney+, a subscription video on demand service. Disney also operates Freeform, a channel primarily carrying live-action programming catered towards a teenage/young adult audience. Although its previous incarnations under other owners had family-oriented formats and children's programming, they have since been phased out in favor of series such as teen dramas, some coming from Disney Channel.

Under current mandates, all broadcast television stations in the United States must show a minimum of three hours per week of educational children's programming, regardless of format. Until 2019, this rule also applied to digital subchannels; as a result, digital multicast networks whose formats should not fit children's programming, such as Live Well Network and TheCoolTV, were required to carry educational programs to fit the FCC mandates. (The rule for digital subchannels was repealed in July 2019;[34][35] in practice, most still carry educational programs anyway.) In 2017, there was a programming block that aired on syndication called KidsClick; it was notable as a concerted effort to program children's shows on television without regard to their educational content, one of the first such efforts since the E/I rule took effect. The transition to digital television has allowed for the debut of whole subchannels that air children's programming 24/7; examples include BabyFirst, PBS Kids, Smile, and Universal Kids. The country's only directly nationally operated TV service for public consumption, NASA TV, also includes educational programs in its schedule for use in schools.

Canada

English-language children's specialty channels in Canada are primarily owned by Corus Entertainment and WildBrain. Corus operates YTV and Treehouse, as well as localized versions of the Cartoon Network, Disney Channel, Disney Junior, Disney XD, and Nickelodeon brands. WildBrain operates Family Channel, as well as the spin-off services WildBrainTV and Family Jr. it has been majority owned and operated by British Columbia's public broadcaster Knowledge Network.

In French, Corus operates Télétoon and La chaîne Disney, WildBrain operates Télémagino (a French version of Family Jr.), TVA Group operates the preschool-oriented Yoopa, and Bell Media runs the teen-oriented Vrak. Via its majority-owned subsidiary Telelatino, Corus also operates two children and family-oriented networks in Spanish and Italian, TeleNiños and Telebimbi respectively.

On broadcast television and satellite to cable undertakings, children's television content is relegated to the country's public and designated provincial educational broadcasters, including CBC Television and Ici Radio-Canada Télé, as well as City Saskatchewan, CTV Two Alberta (formerly Access), Knowledge Network, Télé-Québec, TFO, and TVOntario (TVOKids).

Aided by the cultural similarities between Canada and the US, along with film credits and subsidies available from the Canadian government, a large number of animated children's series have been made in Canada with the intention of exporting them to the United States. Such programs carry a prominent Government of Canada wordmark in their closing credits.

United Kingdom

The BBC and ITV plc both operate children's oriented television networks on digital terrestrial television: the BBC runs CBBC as well as the preschool-oriented CBeebies, while ITV runs CITV as well as the preschool-oriented LittleBe, as a programming block on ITVBe. Both channels were spun off from children's television strands on their respective flagship channels (BBC One, BBC Two, and ITV). The BBC and ITV have largely phased out children's programming from their main channels in order to focus on the dedicated services; in 2012, as part of the "Delivering Quality First" initiative, the BBC announced that it would end the broadcast of CBBC programmes on BBC One following the completion of the transition to digital terrestrial television, citing low viewership in comparison to broadcasts of the programmes on the CBBC channel.[36] Channel 5 also broadcasts a preschool-oriented block known as Milkshake!, while its owner, Paramount Networks International, also runs versions of Nickelodeon and its sister networks Nicktoons and Nick Jr.

Narrative Capital operate a number of children's channels under the Pop and Tiny Pop brands. British versions of Cartoon Network and its sister channels Boomerang and Cartoonito also operate in the country, some 25 years after the initial launch.

Ireland

Ireland has one dedicated children's TV service RTÉjr. Since 1998 RTÉ2 has provided children's programming from 07:00 to 17:30 each weekday, originally titled The Den, the service was renamed TRTÉ and RTÉjr in 2010. Irish-language service TG4 provide two strands of children's programming Cúla 4 Na nÓg and Cúla 4 during the day. Commercial broadcaster TV3 broadcast a children's strand called Gimme 3 from 1998 - 1999. And then broadcast a new strand called 3Kids.

Australia

children's channels that exist in Australia are ABC Me, ABC Kids, KidsCo, Disney Channel and its spin-off Disney Junior, CBeebies, Nickelodeon and its spin-off Nick Jr., and Cartoon Network and its spin-off Boomerang.

Japan

See also: Children's anime and manga

children's channels that exist in Japan are NHK Educational TV, Kids Station, Disney Channel, Disney XD, Nickelodeon (also under a block on Animax, known as "Nick Time") and Cartoon Network (Cartoon Network's age demographic is moving towards older viewers with shows such as Hello Kitty, Regular Show and Adventure Time)

Iceland

One of the most well-known children's TV programmes comes from Iceland, LazyTown, was created by Magnus Scheving, European Gymnastics Champion and CEO of LazyTown Entertainment. The show has aired in over 180 countries, been dubbed into more than 32 languages and is the most expensive children's show of all time.

India

In 1995, Cartoon Network became the first children's channel to be launched in India. Subsequently, Disney Channel and Nickelodeon arrived. Hungama TV (2004) was the first children's channel that had local content. Pogo and BabyTV came later in 2006. By 2018, 23 channels have aired in India.

Romania

Nickelodeon was the first children's channel in Romania, launched in December 1998. Afterwards, Minimax became the first Romanian children's channel to air locally produced content, launched on Children's Day in 2001.[37] Since then, channels like BabyTV and Disney Channel have arrived.

Turkey

Children's channels that exist in Turkey are Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, TRT Çocuk, MinikaÇOCUK, Minika GO and Zarok TV.

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Here Are 25 Shows You Can Feel Good About Your 2-Year-Old Watching". Romper. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  2. ^ "Working & Filming with Under 18's Guidelines | Channel 4". www.channel4.com. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  3. ^ Bridle, James (2018-06-21). "Something is wrong on the internet". Medium. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  4. ^ "Children's YouTube is still churning out blood, suicide and cannibalism". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  5. ^ Holz, Jo (2017). Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 13–72. ISBN 978-1-4766-6874-1.
  6. ^ Hughes, Scott (3 June 1996). "Are You Sitting Comfortably? A History of Children's TV". The Independent. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  7. ^ "Children & the BBC: from Muffin the Mule to Tinky Winky". BBC. Archived from the original on 2 June 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  8. ^ "Little Orphan Annie | radio program | Britannica.com". britannica.com. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  9. ^ Bob Greene (March 31, 2013). "Winky Dink and ... Bill Gates?". CNN. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  10. ^ Rice, Lynette (June 8, 2007). "Bob Barker on saying goodbye to The Price Is Right". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  11. ^ Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 404–405. ISBN 978-1476665993.
  12. ^ a b Sullivan, Gail (September 30, 2014). "Saturday morning cartoons are no more". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  13. ^ Bernstein, Paula (September 29, 2002). "Kid skeds tread on joint strategy". Variety. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  14. ^ "Nickelodeon Retakes Kids' Ratings Crown With 'Paw Patrol'". Bloomberg.com. 18 December 2013 – via Bloomberg.
  15. ^ Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (2001). "Why Children Learn from Sesame Street". In Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.). "G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. p. 234. ISBN 0-8058-3395-1.
  16. ^ White, Abbey (June 15, 2021). "TV animators were forced to scrap LGBTQ-inclusive storylines due to a culture of fear. Experts say fans are changing that". Insider. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  17. ^ a b Snyder, Chris; Desiderio, Kyle (June 29, 2021). "The evolution of queer characters in children's animation". Insider. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  18. ^ Cook 2018, p. 6, 11-12.
  19. ^ Where We Are on TV Report: 2009–2010 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2009. pp. 2–3, 11, 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-26. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  20. ^ Where We Are on TV Report: 2008–2009 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2008. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-25. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  21. ^ Where We Are on TV Report: 2006–2007 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. August 21, 2006. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-13. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  22. ^ Where We Are on TV Report: 2014-2015 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2014. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-28. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  23. ^ Glass, Joe (November 3, 2016). "LGBT characters on TV will make up larger percentage than ever, study finds". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  24. ^ Segal, Cynthia (June 30, 2017). "7 American Kids' Cartoons That Treat Their LGBTQ Characters With Respect". The Dot and Line. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  25. ^ Sizer, Artistaeus (June 30, 2017). "We Need To Talk About LGBT Representation, Apparently". HuffPost. Archived from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  26. ^ Mak, Philip (June 21, 2017). "In a Heartbeat: Why we need more LGBTQ animation". Toon Boom. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  27. ^ Jusino, Teresa (June 2, 2017). "Why I'll Be Holding onto These Five Nuanced and Inspiring Bisexual Characters for Dear Life This Pride". The Mary Sue. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  28. ^ Cook 2018, p. 7.
  29. ^ Where We Are on TV Report: 2018-2019 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2018. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-10. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  30. ^ Where We Are on TV Report: 2019-2020 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2019. pp. 5, 6, 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-08. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  31. ^ Where We Are on TV: 2020–2021 (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. January 2021. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  32. ^ White, Abbey (June 21, 2021). "Kids' cartoons have more LGBTQ representation than ever before — but only if you pay for it". Insider. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021.
  33. ^ "Viacom". www.viacom.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  34. ^ Hayes, Dade (July 10, 2019). "FCC's Vote To Ease "Kid Vid" Rules Draws Pushback And Democrats' Dissent". Deadline. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  35. ^ Eggerton, John (July 10, 2019). "FCC Gives Broadcasters More KidVid Flexibility". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  36. ^ "Children's shows to leave BBC One". BBC News. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  37. ^ "minimaxtv.ro - totul despre copii pentru copii". Archived from the original on 17 February 2005.

Sources

External links

This page was last edited on 26 September 2023, at 03:32
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.
Contact WIKI 2
Introduction
Terms of Service
Privacy Policy