Cepheus is the first poker playing program that "essentially weakly solved" the game of heads-up limit Texas hold 'em.[1][2][3] This was the first imperfect information game played competitively by humans to be essentially solved. It was developed by the Computer Poker Research Group (CPRG) at the University of Alberta and was introduced in January 2015 in a paper entitled "Heads-up limit hold’em poker is solved", published in Science[4] by Michael Bowling, Neil Burch, Michael Johanson, and Oskari Tammelin.
Cepheus' strategy is very close to a Nash equilibrium strategy for heads-up limit Texas hold'em, as an optimal counter-strategy to Cepheus can only win 0.000986 big blinds per game on expectation (to go from "essentially" solving the game to just "solving" the game, one has to reduce this expected loss to precisely 0 big blinds per game). However, 0.000986 big blinds per game on expectation means that even if someone played against Cepheus for a lifetime, this person will not be able to say, with statistical significance, that they have won.[citation needed]
Public web access to observe and play against Cepheus is available.[5]
See also
- Artificial Intelligence
- Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
- Computer poker players
References
- ^ Ball, Philip (2015-01-08). "Game Theorists Crack Poker". Nature. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.16683. S2CID 155710390. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
- ^ Hotz, Robert Lee (2015-01-08). "Computer Conquers Texas Hold 'Em, Researchers Say". Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Bob McDonald (2015-01-10). "Poker Computer Takes the Pot [audio interview]". Quirks & Quarks (Podcast).
- ^ Bowling, Michael; Burch, Neil; Johanson, Michael; Tammelin, Oskari (Jan 2015). "Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved". Science. 347 (6218): 145–9. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.697.72. doi:10.1126/science.1259433. PMID 25574016. S2CID 3796371.
- ^ "Play Cepheus".
External links
This page was last edited on 28 January 2024, at 22:59