| Castle of Aguas Mansas | |
|---|---|
| Native name Spanish: Castillo de Aguas Mansas | |
 | |
| Location | Agoncillo, La Rioja, Spain |
| Coordinates | 42°26′46″N 2°17′29″W / 42.44611°N 2.29139°W |
| Built | 13th and 14th centuries |
| Restored | 1990 |
| Architect | Rodrigo Alfonso de Medrano (rebuilt in the 14th century) |
| Architectural style(s) | Moorish, Roman, Gothic |
| Official name | Castillo de Aguas Mansas |
| Type | Non-movable |
| Criteria | Monument |
| Designated | 1983 |
| Reference no. | RI-51-0004824 |
  Location of Castle of Aguas Mansas in Spain | |
The so called castle of Aguas Mansas (which could be translated as castle of Calm Waters or Quiet Waters) is a remarkable medieval castle, which is in an excellent state of conservation, located in the municipality of Agoncillo in La Rioja, Spain. It was built during the 13th and 14th centuries. The Castle of Aguas Mansas is a magnificent medieval castle located in the urban center of Agoncillo. It is accessed from the square, in front of the parish church of Nuestra Señora La Blanca. Declared a National Historic Artistic Monument in 1983, this castle was built in ashlar stone in various periods (13th and 14th centuries), with a rectangular floor plan and towers at all four corners, connected by curtain walls.
The coat of arms of the House of Medrano with the Cross of Calatrava can be seen on the entrance of the castle, located on its eastern facade, a sign of its historical ownership and lordship.[1]
The complete restoration of the Castle of Aguas Mansas to serve as the municipal offices of the Agoncillo City Hall has been a lengthy process, beginning effectively in 1989 when the Culture Department of the Government of La Rioja, in agreement with the City Hall, decided to intervene to save it from ruin. The significance of its restoration is understood as perhaps the most important piece of medieval civil architecture in La Rioja.
The interior combines history and modernity, and it is currently restored and used as the Town Hall, Library and other Agoncillo Town Departments that can be visited -always after booking the aforementioned dependencies- on working days during the opening hours of the administration.[2]
YouTube Encyclopedic
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The real story behind Archimedes’ Eureka! - Armand D'Angour
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Pioneer's Rest: Exploring Fairmount Cemetery, Glendora, CA
Transcription
When you think of Archimedes' "Eureka!" moment, you probably think of this. As it turns out, it may have been more like this. In the third century BC, Hieron, king of the Sicilian city of Syracuse, chose Archimedes to supervise an engineering project of unprecedented scale. Hieron commissioned a sailing vessel 50 times bigger than a standard ancient warship, named the Syracusia after his city. Hieron wanted to construct the largest ship ever, which was destined to be given as a present for Egypt's ruler, Ptolemy. But could a boat the size of a palace possibly float? In Archimedes's day, no one had attempted anything like this. It was like asking, "Can a mountain fly?" King Hieron had a lot riding on that question. Hundreds of workmen were to labor for years on constructing the Syracusia out of beams of pine and fir from Mount Etna, ropes from hemp grown in Spain, and pitch from France. The top deck, on which eight watchtowers were to stand, was to be supported not by columns, but by vast wooden images of Atlas holding the world on his shoulders. On the ship's bow, a massive catapult would be able to fire 180 pound stone missiles. For the enjoyment of its passengers, the ship was to feature a flower-lined promenade, a sheltered swimming pool, and bathhouse with heated water, a library filled with books and statues, a temple to the goddess Aphrodite, and a gymnasium. And just to make things more difficult for Archimedes, Hieron intended to pack the vessel full of cargo: 400 tons of grain, 10,000 jars of pickled fish, 74 tons of drinking water, and 600 tons of wool. It would have carried well over a thousand people on board, including 600 soldiers. And it housed 20 horses in separate stalls. To build something of this scale, only for that to sink on its maiden voyage? Well, let's just say that failure wouldn't have been a pleasant option for Archimedes. So he took on the problem: will it sink? Perhaps he was sitting in the bathhouse one day, wondering how a heavy bathtub can float, when inspiration came to him. An object partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. In other words, if a 2,000 ton Syracusia displaced exactly 2,000 tons of water, it would just barely float. If it displaced 4,000 tons of water, it would float with no problem. Of course, if it only displaced 1,000 tons of water, well, Hieron wouldn't be too happy. This is the law of buoyancy, and engineers still call it Archimedes' Principle. It explains why a steel supertanker can float as easily as a wooden rowboat or a bathtub. If the weight of water displaced by the vessel below the keel is equivalent to the vessel's weight, whatever is above the keel will remain afloat above the waterline. This sounds a lot like another story involving Archimedes and a bathtub, and it's possible that's because they're actually the same story, twisted by the vagaries of history. The classical story of Archimedes' Eureka! and subsequent streak through the streets centers around a crown, or corona in Latin. At the core of the Syracusia story is a keel, or korone in Greek. Could one have been mixed up for the other? We may never know. On the day the Syracusia arrived in Egypt on its first and only voyage, we can only imagine how residents of Alexandria thronged the harbor to marvel at the arrival of this majestic, floating castle. This extraordinary vessel was the Titanic of the ancient world, except without the sinking, thanks to our pal, Archimedes.
History
The Codex Vigilanus mentions the conquest of a Muslim castle in this area by Sancho Garcés, king of Pamplona at the beginning of the 10th century. Subsequently, several documents of the 11th and 12th centuries name a fortress called Aguas Mansas (Calm Waters) or Aguas Muertas (Dead Waters) and brought attention to the high quality of its defences. This may be the reason this site was so coveted, and in 1191, Alfonso VIII reached an agreement with Pedro and Gómez García about the state surrounding lands.
In 1337, Don Rodrigo Alfonso de Medrano, son of Rodrigo Diaz de Medrano, grandson of the Navarrese regent Juan Martínez de Medrano y Aibar, crossbowman of Alfonso XI, bought the village of Agoncillo, La Rioja and the castle of Aguas Mansas. Medrano started carrying out several remodelling works, adapting it to the style of the 14th century. In Medrano's testament in 1345 he noted having spent big amounts of money in "...building the castle and the village" (in Old Spanish "...fazer el castillo e la villa").
During the battles between Peter the Cruel and Henry of Trastámara, the castle passed onto the hands of Charles II of Navarre, although for a short period. In 1392, it was once again owned by Rodrigo Alfonso de Medrano, lord of Algoncillo, who bequeathed it to his nephew Don Diego López de Medrano y Zúñiga.
Don Diego López de Medrano y Zuñiga, lord of Agoncillo, Almarza and Fuenmayor, was the son of Don Juan Martinez de Medrano, lord of Almarza and Fuenmayor, and Aldonza de Zuñiga.[3] He is also the paternal grandson of Don Juan Martinez de Medrano 'The Younger' and the paternal great-grandson of Juan Martínez de Medrano y Aibar, regent of Navarre in 1328.[4]
Several references to esquires of Bishop Don Diego de Zúñiga can be found. It is documented that Diego López de Medrano y Zúñiga, lord of Almarza and Fuenmayor, who made a will in 1449, was the Bishop's nephew, being the son of his sister Aldonza de Zúñiga, married to the lord of Fuenmayor and Almarza, Juan Martínez de Medrano. Diego López de Medrano y Zúñiga was called to the entail of the lordships of Azofra and Montalvo, linked to him by his maternal grandfather Iñigo Ortiz de Zuñiga, II lord of Azofra and Montalvo. Diego López de Medrano y Zúñiga married Doña Aldonza Ramírez de Ulloque, and they had a very illustrious offspring, including Juan Lopez de Medrano y Ulloque,[5] and Señora of Agoncillo Aldonza Diaz de Medrano y Ulloque.[6] Doña Aldonza Diaz de Medrano married Lope Garcia de Porres and had one son, also lord of Agoncillo, Pedro Gomez de Porres y Medrano.[7]
The coat of arms of the House of Medrano with the Cross of Calatrava, seen on the entrance of the castle, located on its eastern facade, is undoubtedly the shield from their ancestor Pedro Gonzalez de Medrano, who attended the victorious day of Las Navas de Tolosa (16 July 1212), forming part of the brilliant retinue that accompanied Sancho VII of Navarre, and constituted the most significant nobility of the Kingdom.[8] He took up arms: Gules Shield with the argent cross, figured as that of Calatrava.[9]
Architecture
The floor plan of the castle is almost rectangular with four prism-shaped towers on each corner, whose machicolations are still preserved to the current day. The castle was built with dimension stones and in two stages, the first in the middle of the 14th century over a former building and the second at the end of the 15th century. It also features an impressive moat.
The highest tower has four floors and a door with a pointed arch. The smallest tower, called de las palomas (of the doves), has some well preserved modillions which supported the machicolation.
The parade ground, restored in the 16th century, has a cloister shape, is built at two levels and the gallery of the main floor rests on semicircular arches. An integral restoration was carried out in 1990, removing some utilitarian rooms created in the 18th and 19th century, returning it to its former appearance.
References
- ^ "The Castle of Aguas Mansas". www.coursehero.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
- ^ "Castillo de Aguas Mansas". La Rioja Sin Barreras (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
- ^ "Aldonza de Zuñiga: geneaordonez". www.geneaordonez.es. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ "Juan Martinez de Medrano: geneaordonez". www.geneaordonez.es. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ "Juan Lopez de Medrano: geneaordonez". www.geneaordonez.es. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ "Señora de Agoncillo Aldonza Diaz de Medrano: geneaordonez". www.geneaordonez.es. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ "Señor de Agoncillo Pedro Gomez de Porres y Medrano: geneaordonez". www.geneaordonez.es. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ V. El sequito Del Rey Fuerte – Pamplona 1922.
- ^ https://www.euskalmemoriadigitala.eus/applet/libros/JPG/022344/022344.pdf
Bibliography
- Goicoechea, Cesáreo (1949). Castillos de la Rioja, notas descriptivas e históricas (in Spanish). Logroño. p. 125. ISBN 84-398-9272-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Queralt del Hierro, María Pilar (2004). Los mejores castillos de España (in Spanish). León: Everest. pp. 380 ff. ISBN 84-241-0767-5.
External links
This page was last edited on 10 April 2024, at 15:56