Charles H. Beaubien | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Alexis Beaubien October 22, 1800 |
| Died | February 6, 1864 (aged 63) |
| Other names | Carlos Beaubien, Charles Trotier |
| Occupation | Fur trader |
| Known for | Beaubien-Miranda Land Grant |
Charles H. Beaubien (October 22, 1800 – February 6, 1864), also known as Alexis Beaubien, Don Carlos Beaubien and Charles Trotier, was a British North America-born American fur trader who was one of two investors who owned 2,700,000 acres (11,000 km2) of northeastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado in the Beaubien-Miranda and Sangre de Cristo Land Grants. He served for a time on the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court.
YouTube Encyclopedic
-
1/3Views:7 5246 3022 448
-
Voices of the Civil War Episode 14: "Detroit Draft Riot"
-
The Great Mental Models Book Summary & Review (Animated)
-
Fragile Democracy: Technocratic Takeover and Popular Renewal
Transcription
{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\cocoartf1038\cocoasubrtf360 {\fonttbl\f0\froman\fcharset0 TimesNewRomanPSMT;} {\colortbl;\red255\green255\blue255;} \margl1440\margr1440\vieww24020\viewh21260\viewkind0 \deftab720 \pard\pardeftab720\ri0\qc \f0\b\fs24 \cf0 \ Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History\ Voices of the Civil War\ Episode 14: Detroit Draft Riot \ Written by James Easley\ \ \pard\pardeftab720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \b0 \cf0 Two months after President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and officially called to arms all African Americans, the United States Congress passed the Enrollment Act of Conscription in March 1863. This act required that all men between the ages of twenty to forty-five be subject to a draft into the Union Army. The exemption clause allowed wealthy citizens to pay a $300 exemption fee, making them exempt from the draft and discriminating against lower class citizens who could not afford the fee. Draft riots erupted all over the United States. In Detroit, Michigan military quotas were being filled without the need of a draft and many feared this new federal law. Racial tensions in Detroit began to escalate as newspapers like the \i Detroit Free Press \i0 blamed African Americans for the war and encouraged readers to be fearful of free blacks (Katzman, 44-47). In addition, a Detroit tavern owner, William Faulkner was arrested for molesting two 9-year-old girls Mary Brown, a white girl, and Ellen Hoover, a black girl. On March 6, 1863 a mob of whites gathered outside Recorder\'92s Court to hear William Faulkner\'92s verdict of guilty. Soldiers from the federal provost garrison were called to manage the mob and transport William Faulkner to the local jail. The mob became riotous after a soldier fired on the crowd, killing Charles Langer. The mob attacked Faulkner, while in transit and invaded Detroit\'92s black neighborhood centered on Beaubien Street south of Lafayette. 30 homes were destroyed, more than 200 blacks were left homeless, several died and dozens were seriously injured. Joshua Boyd, a black man, was struck in the head with an axe while trying to escape from a burning building. The 27\super th\nosupersub Michigan Infantry Regiment dispersed the riot and arrested 22 people. \ \ Although racial animosity was already present in Detroit, the \i Free Press \i0 further instigated the prejudice towards African Americans by publishing openly racist articles. Prior to the riot, the \i Free Press \i0 made hints at the possibility of a riot ensuing and used the case of William Faulkner as a catalyst. The newspaper states, "It is thought that an excited and indignant mob would have attempted to wreak summary vengeance upon him within the very walls of the court-room." Competing Republican newspaper, the \i Detroit Advertiser and Tribune \i0 exclaimed, \'93this is a \i Free Press \i0 mob!\'94 citing the \i Free Press \i0 as the cause of the riots. The \i Detroit Free Press \i0 newspaper labeled March 6\super th\nosupersub as the \'93the bloodiest day that ever dawned on Detroit.\'94 In the coming years, both girls confessed that they lied on the stand against William Faulkner and, in 1870 he was pardoned after serving 7 years in prison.\ \ \pard\pardeftab720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\qc \cf0 \ul \ulc0 Work Cited\ \pard\pardeftab720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \cf0 \ulnone Katzman, David M. \i Before the Ghetto \i0 . Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1973. Print.\ \ Martelle Scott. Detroit: A Biography. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Review Press, 2012. Print.\ \ Schneider, John C. \i Detroit and the Problem of Order, 1830-1880: A Geography of Crime, Riot, \ \pard\pardeftab720\fi720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \cf0 and Policing. \i0 Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980. Print.\ }
Early life
Beaubien was born in Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Nicolet, Quebec. His birth name was Alexis Beaubien (Sieur de Beaubien is a title, his birth surname is most likely Trotier).[1]
He studied for the priesthood, and was tonsured in 1820. When he dropped out of the priesthood he changed his name to "Charles" in 1820 and moved to the United States (probably at St. Louis, Missouri where he worked in the fur business with the Chouteau family). There are numerous stories about how he moved west. He was licensed by William Clark to enter Indian Territory in NM on December 29, 1823.
From another New Mexico History we have that Charles Hipolyte Trotier, Sieur de Beaubien, left the Dominion of Canada for the United States during the War of 1812, and came to New Mexico in 1823, in company with a number of French Canadians who were making investigations in New Mexico.
Beaubien went beyond the Territory controlled by the United States and moved into territory controlled by Mexico and eventually settled at Taos, New Mexico where he applied to become a citizen of Mexico. As it was the custom for administrators, notaries and scriveners to translate Christian names, his name was recorded as "Carlos" instead of "Charles," and so he often appears as Carlos Beaubien in all New Mexico records.
In 1827 he married Maria Paula Lobato in Taos in a ceremony conducted by Antonio José Martínez who would later become his nemesis. He started a business in Taos.
Beaubien-Miranda Land Grant
In 1840 New Mexico Governor Manuel Armijo imposed a tax on non-native residents in New Mexico and Beaubien's businesses were regularly raided.
Beaubien, hoping to open businesses away from direct Mexican control, enlisted Guadalupe Miranda, the secretary of the government, to petition for a grant of 1,700,000 acres (6,900 km2) on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Armijo approved the grant on January 4, 1841 with the provision that the land be settled within two years.
Settlement was delayed by incursions from Texans. In 1843, Beaubien and Miranda signed away one-fourth of their grant to Charles Bent in exchange for help in establishing ranches along the Ponil, Vermejo, Cimarron and Rayado rivers. The grant area became better known as the Maxwell Land Grant after Beaubien's son-in-law, Lucien Maxwell.
Sangre de Cristo Land Grant
Later in 1843 Beaubien applied for a 1,000,000-acre (4,000 km2)[2] grant in the San Luis Valley east of the Rio Grande and extending to the summits of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in southern Colorado. As he already had one grant, the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant went to his 13-year-old son Narciso and a Taos business associate Stephen Louis Lee. Armijo approved the grant on January 12, 1844.
Settlement was delayed by the Mexican–American War in 1846 which changed the political landscape. When Stephen W. Kearney set up government in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1846 and established Charles Bent as governor. Beaubien was named one of the judges on the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war affirmed the legality of Beaubien's grant. Settlement along the Rio Culebra began in 1850. Hispanic settlers from New Mexico founded the town of San Luis in 1851. San Luis was the first permanent settlement in Colorado.[3]
Taos Revolt
Beaubien was holding court in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico when the Taos Revolt erupted in January 1847. In the revolt, Beaubien's son Narciso (freshly arriving from school in Cape Girardeau, Missouri), his partner Stephen Louis Lee, and Governor Bent were killed.
After Sterling Price put down the rebellion, Beaubien was the judge to overseeing the trial of his son's murderers prompting Father Martinez to accuse him of "endeavoring to kill all the people of Taos."
Beaubien turned to his sons-in-law Lucien Maxwell and Jesus Abreu to develop the land grant.
In 1851 he semi-retired from public service.
In 1863 he sold the Colorado land grant to Colorado Governor William Gilpin for approximately four cents an acre ($41,000).
References
- ^ The History of the Military Occupation of the Territory of New Mexico
- ^ Spanish - Mexican Land Grants: A Brief Introduction -colorado.gov - Retrieved February 8, 2008
- ^ "San Luis". Colorado Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
Further reading
- LeRoy Reuben Hafen; Janet Lecompte (1997). French Fur Traders and Voyageurs in the American West. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 29–. ISBN 0-8032-7302-9.
- David J. Weber (1980). The Taos Trappers: The Fur Trade in the Far Southwest, 1540-1846. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 181–. ISBN 978-0-8061-1702-7.
External links
This page was last edited on 16 May 2024, at 04:10