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Caribbean Netherlands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Caribbean Netherlands
Caribisch Nederland (Dutch)
Hulanda Karibense (Papiamento)
Overseas region of the Netherlands
Anthem: "Wilhelmus van Nassouwe" (Dutch)
(English: "William of Nassau")
Location of the Caribbean Netherlands (green and circled). From left to right: Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius
Location of the Caribbean Netherlands (green and circled). From left to right: Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius
CountryNetherlands
Special municipalities
Incorporated into the Netherlands10 October 2010 (dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles)
Official languagesDutch
Recognised regional languages
Government
• Monarch
Willem-Alexander
• National Rep.
Jan Helmond
Area
• Total
322[3] km2 (124 sq mi)
Highest elevation887 m (2,910 ft)
Population
• 2022 estimate
27,726[4]
• Density
77/km2 (199.4/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−4 (AST)
ISO 3166 codeBQ, NL-BQ1, NL-BQ2, NL-BQ3
CurrencyUnited States dollar ($) (USD)[5]
Internet TLD

The Caribbean Netherlands[8] (Dutch: Caribisch Nederland, pronounced [kaˈribisˌnedərˌlɑnt] ) is a geographic region of the Netherlands located outside of Europe, in the Caribbean, consisting of three so-called special municipalities.[8] These are the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba,[9][nb 1] as they are also known in legislation, or the BES islands (an acronym of their names) for short. The islands are officially classified as public bodies[10] in the Netherlands and as overseas territories of the European Union; as such, European Union law does not automatically apply to them.

Bonaire (including the islet of Klein Bonaire) is one of the Leeward Antilles and is located close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are in the main Lesser Antilles group and are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The Caribbean Netherlands, which should not be confused with the more comprehensive Dutch Caribbean, has a population of 25,157 as of January 2019.[3]

YouTube Encyclopedic

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Transcription

Welcome to the Great nation of Holland: where the tulips grow, the windmills turn, the breakfast is chocolatey, the people industrious, and the sea tries to drown it all. Except, this country isn't Holland. It's time for: The Difference Between Holland, the Netherlands (and a whole lot more) The correct name for this tulip growing, windmill building hagelslag eating, container ship moving, ocean conquering nation is the Netherlands. But confusion is understandable -- the general region been renamed a lot over a thousand including as: The Dutch Republic, The United States of Belgium, and The Kingdom of Hollande But it's not just history that makes this country's name confusing because the Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces: * Groningen * Drenthe * Overijssel * Gelderland * Limburg * Brabant * Zeeland (Which, by the way, is the Zeeland that makes this Zeeland, new) * Friesland (With adorable little hearts on its flag) * Flevoland * Utrecht, and here's the confusion: * Noord (North) Holland and * Zuid (South) Holland These provinces make calling the Netherlands 'Holland' like calling the United States 'Dakota'. Though unlike the Dakotas, which are mostly empty, save for the occasional Jackalope, the two Hollands are the most populated provinces and have some of the biggest attractions like, Amsterdam and Keukenhof. Chances are if it's Dutch, and you've heard of it, it's in one of the Hollands. Even the government's travel website for the country is Holland.com -- officially because it sounds friendlier, but unofficially it's probably what people are actually searching for. Confusion continues because: People who live in the Hollands are called Hollanders, but all citizens of the Netherlands are called Dutch as is their language. But in Dutch they say: Nederlands sprekende Nederlanders in Nederland which sounds like they'd rather we call them Netherlanders speaking Netherlandish. Meanwhile, next door in Germany, they're Deutsche sprechen Deutsch in Deutschland. Which sounds like they'd rather be called Dutch. This linguistic confusion is why Americans call the Pennsylvania Dutch Dutch even though they're Germans. To review: this country is the Netherlands, its people are Dutch, they speak Dutch. There is no country called Holland, but there are provinces of North and South Holland. Got it? Great, because it's about to get more complicated. The Netherlands is part of a Kingdom with the same name: The Kingdom of the Netherlands -- which is headed by the Dutch Royal Family. The Kingdom of the Netherlands contains three more countries and to find them we must sail from the icy North Sea to the Caribbean and Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten. These are no territories, but self-governing countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands and as such they have their own governments, and their own currencies. Geography geek side note here: While Aruba and Curaçao are islands, Sint Maarten is just the Southern Half of a tiny island also named Saint Martin the other half of which is occupied by France and also named Saint Martin. So despite being separated by Belgium on the European map, The Kingdom of the Netherlands and the French Republic share a border on the other side of the world on an island so nice they named it thrice. But why does the Kingdom of the Netherlands reach to the Caribbean anyway? Because, Empire. In the 1600s the Dutch, always looking to expand business, laid their hands on every valuable port they could. For a time, America's East Coast was 'New Netherland' with its capital city of New Amsterdam. There was New Zealand, as mentioned previously, and nearby, the king of the islands, New Holland. Though the empire is gone, these three Caribbean nations remain. And while four countries in one kingdom, isn't unheard of, it doesn't stop there, because the country of the Netherlands, also extends its borders to the Caribbean and three more islands: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. These are not countries in a Kingdom, but are cities of the Country of the Netherlands and they look the part. Residents of these far-flung cities vote in elections for the Dutch government just as any Hollander would. Though, weirdly, they don't belong to any province and they don't use the Dutch currency of Euros, they use Dollars instead. It's kind of like if Hawaii wasn't a state, but technically part of the District of Columbia, all the while using the Yen. These cities of the Country of the Netherlands and these countries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, are together are known as the Dutch Caribbean. And their citizens are Dutch citizens. Which, because the Kingdom of the Netherlands is a member of the European Union, means these Dutch Caribbeans are also Europeans. So in the end, there are 6 Caribbean islands, four countries, twelve provinces, two Hollands, two Netherlands and one kingdom, all Dutch.

Legal status

The three islands gained their current status following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles on 10 October 2010.[11] At the same time, the islands of Curaçao and Sint Maarten became autonomous countries (Dutch: landen) within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.[12] The island of Aruba is also a constituent country of the Kingdom located in the Caribbean. The term "Dutch Caribbean" may refer to the three special municipalities (e.g. for stamps), but may also refer to all of the Caribbean islands within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The population of the Caribbean Netherlands is 26,706.[13][14] Their total area is 328 square kilometres (127 sq mi). These figures are not consistent with the table below.

In 2012, the islands of the Caribbean Netherlands voted for the first time, due to being special municipalities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in the 2012 Dutch general election.[15]

Administration

The special municipalities (Dutch: bijzondere gemeenten) carry many of the functions normally performed by Dutch municipalities. The executive power rests with the Governing Council headed by an Island governor. The main democratic body is the island council. Dutch citizens of these three islands are entitled to vote in Dutch national elections and (as all Dutch nationals) in European elections.

Officially the islands are classed in Dutch law as being openbare lichamen (literally translated as "public bodies") and not gemeenten (municipalities). Unlike normal municipalities, they do not form part of a Dutch province[16] and the powers normally exercised by provincial councils within municipalities are divided between the island governments themselves and the central government by means of the National Office for the Caribbean Netherlands. For this reason, they are called "special" municipalities.

Many Dutch laws make special provisions for the Caribbean Netherlands.[17] For example, social security is not on the same level as it is in the European Netherlands.[18]

Flag Name Capital Area[3] Population[19]
(January 2022)
Density
Bonaire Bonaire 288 km2 (111 sq mi) 22,573 69/km2 (180/sq mi)
Sint Eustatius Sint Eustatius 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi) 3,242 150/km2 (390/sq mi)
Saba (island) Saba 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi) 1,911 148/km2 (380/sq mi)
Total 322 km2 (124 sq mi) 27,726 77/km2 (200/sq mi)
Age Sex Pyramid

National Office

The National Office for the Caribbean Netherlands (Dutch: Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland) is responsible for taxation, policing, immigration, transport infrastructure, health, education, and social security in the islands and provides these services on behalf of the Government of the Netherlands.[20] This agency was established as the Regional Service Center in 2008 and became the National Office for the Caribbean Netherlands on 1 September 2010.[21][22] The current director is Jan Helmond.[23] The Representative for the public bodies of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba represents the Government of the Netherlands on the islands and also performs tasks similar to a King's Commissioner.[citation needed] The current representative is Gilbert Isabella.[24]

Relationship with the European Union

The special territories of the European Union (pre-Brexit)

The islands do not form part of the European Union and instead constitute "overseas countries and territories" (OCT status) of the Union, to which special provisions apply.[nb 2] The Lisbon Treaty introduced a procedure where the European Council may change the status of an overseas territory of Denmark, France, or the Netherlands regarding the application of the EU treaties to that territory.[nb 3] In June 2008, the Dutch government published a survey of the legal and economic impacts by a switched status from OCT to outermost region (OMR).[25][26] The position of the islands was reviewed after a five-year transitional period, which began with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in October 2010.[27] The review was conducted as part of the planned review of the Dutch "Act for the public bodies Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" (Dutch: "Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba (WolBES)"), where the islands have been granted the option to become an OMR – and thus a direct part of the European Union.[28] In October 2015, the review concluded the present legal structures for governance and integration with European Netherlands was not working well within the framework of WolBES, but no recommendations were made in regards of whether a switch from OCT to OMR status would help improve this situation.[29][30][31][32]

Foreign policy and defence

The Kingdom of the Netherlands has overarching responsibility for foreign relations, defence and Dutch nationality law in the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom.[33] Units of the Netherlands Armed Forces deployed in the Caribbean include:

Additionally, the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard is funded by the four countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Coast Guard is managed by the Ministry of Defence and is directed by the commander of the Royal Netherlands Navy in the Caribbean.[36]

Geography

The Caribbean Netherlands form part of the Lesser Antilles. Within this island group:

Climate

The islands of the Caribbean Netherlands enjoy a tropical climate with warm weather all year round. The Leeward Antilles are warmer and drier than the Windward islands. In summer, the Windward Islands can be subject to hurricanes.

Currency

Until 1 January 2011, the three islands used the Netherlands Antillean guilder; after that all three switched to the U.S. dollar, rather than the euro (which is used in the European Netherlands) or the Caribbean guilder (which is being adopted by the other two former Antillean islands of Curaçao and Sint Maarten).[37]

Communications

The telephone country code remains 599, that of the former Netherlands Antilles, and is shared with Curaçao. The International Organization for Standardization has assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code ISO 3166-2:BQ for these islands.[38] The IANA has not established a root zone for the .bq Internet ccTLD and whether it will be used is unknown.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ .bq is designated, but not in use, for the Caribbean Netherlands.[6][7] Like the rest of the Netherlands, .nl is primarily in use.
  1. ^ "Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" is the listed English name for the territorial grouping in the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166-1, where the English spelling was corrected with the release of ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-9 Archived 5 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ Per the Annex II of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
  3. ^ Now contained in Article 355(6) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

References

  1. ^ "Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  2. ^ "Benoeming regeringscommissaris en plaatsvervanger Sint Eustatius". Government of the Netherlands (in Dutch). 18 June 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (19 May 2015). "Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden?". Rijksoverheid.nl.
  4. ^ "The Caribbean Netherlands in Numbers 2022: How has the population evolved over the past decade?". cbs.nl. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023.
  5. ^ "Wet geldstelsel BES". Dutch government. 30 September 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  6. ^ "BQ – Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba". ISO. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Delegation Record for .BQ". IANA. 20 December 2010. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  8. ^ a b "The Security Strategy for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" (PDF). Government of the Netherlands. 3 April 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023. Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba are special municipalities. They are referred to as the Caribbean Netherlands.
  9. ^ "Nature Policy Plan The Caribbean Netherlands" (PDF). Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018. ... while the other islands, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba, are Dutch overseas public bodies and as such are part of the country of the Netherlands. Collectively these three islands are known as the Caribbean Netherlands ...
  10. ^ "What are the different parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands?". Government of the Netherlands. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  11. ^ "Besluit van 23 september 2010 tot vaststelling van het tijdstip van inwerkingtreding van de artikelen I en II van de Rijkswet wijziging Statuut in verband met de opheffing van de Nederlandse Antillen" (in Dutch). Overheid.nl. 1 October 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  12. ^ "Caribbean Parts of the Kingdom". Government.nl. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016.
  13. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  14. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Verkiezingen Caribische graadmeter – Binnenland – Telegraaf.nl". telegraaf.nl. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  16. ^ "31.954, Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" (in Dutch). Eerste kamer der Staten-Generaal. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2010. De openbare lichamen vallen rechtstreeks onder het Rijk omdat zij geen deel uitmaken van een provincie. (The public bodies (...), because they are not part of a Province).
  17. ^ "Wet- en regelgeving" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.[verification needed]
  18. ^ Rob Bijl and Evert Pommer. "Summary and conclusions – The Caribbean Netherlands five years after the transition" (PDF). kennisopenbaarbestuur.nl. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  19. ^ "The Caribbean Netherlands in Numbers 2022: How has the population evolved over the past decade?". cbs.nl. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023.
  20. ^ "Vacatures". Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  21. ^ "Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland". Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  22. ^ "FAQ". Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  23. ^ "Agreement on labor conditions Civil servants Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland". Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  24. ^ "Mr. Isabella will be Kingdom Representative for the public entities Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba". Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  25. ^ "Schurende rechtsordes: Over juridische implicaties van de UPG-status voor de eilandgebieden van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)" (PDF) (in Dutch). Eerstekamer.nl. 19 June 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2015.
  26. ^ "Economische gevolgen van de status van ultraperifeer gebied voor de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba / SEOR" (PDF) (in Dutch). Eerstekamer.nl. 19 June 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2014.
  27. ^ "Tweede Kamer, vergaderjaar 2008–2009, 31700 IV, nr.3: Brief van de staatssecretaris van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties met het kabinetsstandpunt over de rapporten over de UPG status voor de eilandgebieden van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba" (PDF) (in Dutch). Eerstekamer.nl. 21 October 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2014.
  28. ^ "Kamerstuk 31954 nr.7: Regels met betrekking tot de openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba (Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba)" (in Dutch). Overheid.nl. 14 October 2009. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  29. ^ Pro Facto – Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (August 2015). "Vijf jaar Caribisch Nederland: De werking van wetgeving" (PDF) (in Dutch). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2017.
  30. ^ DSP-Groep (23 September 2015). "Vijf jaar Caribisch Nederland: Werking van de nieuwe bestuurlijke structuur" (PDF) (in Dutch). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2017.
  31. ^ Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau (October 2015). "Vijf jaar Caribisch Nederland: Gevolgen voor de bevolking" (PDF) (in Dutch). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2017.
  32. ^ Evaluatiecommissie Caribisch Nederland (12 October 2015). "VIJFJAAR VERBONDE BONAIRE, SINT EUSTATIUS, SABA EN EUROPEES NEDERLAND (Rapport van de commissie evaluatie uitwerking van de nieuwe staatkundige structuur Caribisch Nederland)" (PDF) (in Dutch). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017.
  33. ^ "Responsibilities of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and St Maarten – Caribbean Parts of the Kingdom – Government.nl". 16 October 2019.
  34. ^ "Commander Netherlands Forces in the Caribbean – Royal Netherlands Navy – Defensie.nl". 6 April 2018.
  35. ^ "Units and locations – Caribbean territories – Defensie.nl". 3 June 2022.
  36. ^ "Kustwacht – Taken in Nederland – Defensie.nl". 7 November 2022.
  37. ^ "The Dutch Caribbean". Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014.
  38. ^ "ISO 3166-1 decoding table". International Organization for Standardization. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2010.

External links

This page was last edited on 1 March 2024, at 16:35
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