Braj | |
|---|---|
     top to bottom: Radha Krishna at Kirti Temple, Barsana,
Krishna Janmasthan in Mathura, Radha Rani Temple in Barsana, Prem Mandir in Vrindavan and Kusum Sarovar in Govardhan Hill. | |
| Country |  India |
| Region | Northern India |
| Proposed capitals | Noida, Agra |
| Proposed Districts | |
| Language | Braj Bhasha dialect of Hindi |
Braj, also known as Vraj, Vraja, Brij or Brijbhumi, is a region in India on both sides of the Yamuna river with its centre at Mathura-Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh state encompassing the area which also includes Palwal, Ballabhgarh and Nuh in Haryana state, Deeg, Bharatpur, Karauli, and Dholpur in Rajasthan state and Morena District in Madhya Pradesh.[1] Within Uttar Pradesh, it is very well demarcated culturally, the area stretches from the Mathura, Aligarh, Agra, Hathras and districts up to the Farrukhabad, Mainpuri and Etah districts.[2] Braj region is associated with Radha and Krishna who according to scriptures were born in Barsana and Mathura respectively.[3][4] It is the main centre of Krishna circuit of Hindu pilgrimage.[1]
It is located 150 km south of Delhi and 50 km northwest of Agra.[1]
Ecologically, the character of Braj has drastically changed in the last 200 years, with a heavy decline in the amount of wild animals along with deforestation. Writing in the late 1980s, Entwistle noted there were only a few groves left in the region, and that many sacred sites were being encroached upon by human agricultural settlements.[5]
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श्री राधे राधे गोविंद राधे | Shri Radhe Radhe Govind Radhe | Sushri Braj Parikari Deviji
Transcription
Etymology
The term Braj is derived from the Sanskrit word vraja (व्रज).[4][6] Vraja was first mentioned in Rigveda, and in Sanskrit it means a pasture, shelter or resort for cattle from the Sanskrit term "vraj" which means "go" in English.
Braj pilgrimage circuits
The Braj Yatra circuit of pilgrimage was formally established by the 16th-century sadhus of the vaishnava sampradaya with fixed routes, itinerary and rituals. The area the circuit covers is spread across 2500 km2 with 84 kos or 300 km long periphery extending 10 km to the east and 50 km to the north and west. Braj has two main types of pilgrimage circuits, the traditional longer Braj Yatra encompassing the whole circuit, and the other shorter significantly modified contemporary point-to-point pilgrimage to visit the main sites at Mathura, Vrindavan, Gokul, Govardhan. The former, longer traditional pilgrimage route, also includes additional sacred sites Nandgaon and Barsana with travel on foot.[1]
Notable Pilgrimage Sites
Notable pilgrimage sites taken from Entwistle (1987).[7]
- Mathura
- Madhu Forest
- Radha Kund
- Kusum Sarovar
- Govardhan Hill
- Bachhgaon
- Deeg
- Kaman, Rajasthan
- Barsana
- Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh
- Kamai, Uttar Pradesh
- Chhata
- Kokilavan
- Paigaon
- Shergarh, Uttar Pradesh
- Bhandirvan, Vrindavan
- Vrindavan
- Baldeo
- Mahaban
- Gokul
See also
- Regional
- Braj language
- Vajji, the ancient region of the Vṛji janapada that Bajjika evolved from
- Religious
- Vedic era
- General
References
- ^ a b c d Janet Cochrane, 2008, Asian Tourism: Growth and Change, page 249.
- ^ Lucia Michelutti (2002). "Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town" (PDF). PhD Thesis Social Anthropology. London School of Economics and Political Science University of London. p. 49. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ Lynch, Owen M. (31 December 1990), "ONE. The Social Construction of Emotion in India", Divine Passions, University of California Press, pp. 3–34, doi:10.1525/9780520309753-002, ISBN 978-0-520-30975-3
- ^ a b Lucia Michelutti (2002). "Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town" (PDF). PhD Thesis Social Anthropology. London School of Economics and Political Science University of London. p. 46. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ Entwistle 1987, p. 2-3.
- ^ Prasad, Dev (2015). Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna. Jaico Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8495-170-7.
- ^ Entwistle, Alan William (1987). "The Pilgrimage Itinerary". Braj: A Center of Krishna Pilgrimage. Egbert Forsten. pp. 309–429.
Further reading
- Rupert Snell, The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhasa Reader. Includes grammar, readings and translations, and a good glossary.
This page was last edited on 11 April 2024, at 05:56