Belgian government at Sainte-Adresse

The De Broqueville government in Sainte-Adresse refers to two successive Belgian governments, led by Charles de Broqueville, which served as governments in exile during the German occupation of Belgium in World War I. They were based in Le Havre in northern France after October 1914. The first government, known as the First de Broqueville government, was a Catholic government which was elected in 1911 and continued until 1916, when it was joined by Socialists and Liberals expanding it into the Second de Broqueville government, which lasted until 1 June 1918. In November 1914, the vast majority of Belgian territory (2,598 out of 2,636 communes) was under German occupation. The only portion of Belgium that remained controlled by the Kingdom of Belgium in exile was the strip of territory behind the Yser Front.^[1]

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Exile in Le Havre

In October 1914, the government moved to the French coastal city of Le Havre. It was established in the large Immeuble Dufayel ("Dufayel Building"), built by the French businessman Georges Dufayel in 1911, situated in the suburb of Sainte-Adresse. The whole area of Sainte-Adresse, which still carries the national colours of Belgium on its shield, was leased to Belgium by the French government as a temporary administrative centre while the rest of Belgium was occupied. The area had a sizeable Belgian émigré population, and even used Belgian postage stamps.

King Albert I considered that it was inappropriate for the King to leave his own country and so did not join his government in Le Havre. Instead, he established his staff in the Flemish town of Veurne, just behind the Yser Front, in the last strip of unoccupied Belgian territory.

Composition

The de Broqueville government comprised:^[2]

Baron Charles de Broqueville (Catholic) as Prime Minister (known as chef du cabinet until November 1918).
Henry Carton de Wiart (Catholic), Minister of Justice
Julien Davignon (Catholic), Minister of Foreign Affairs until 18 January 1916
Paul Berryer (Catholic), Minister of the Interior
Prosper Poullet (Catholic), Minister of Arts and Sciences, as well as Minister for Economic Affairs after 1 January 1918
Aloys Van de Vyvere (Catholic), Minister of Finance
Georges Helleputte (Catholic), Minister of Agriculture and Public Works
Armand Hubert (Catholic), Minister of Industry and Work
Paul Segers (Catholic), Minister of Railways, the Marine, and the PTT
Armand De Ceuninck (technocrat), Minister of War after 4 August 1917
Jules Renkin (Catholic), Minister of the Colonies
Baron Eugène Beyens (technocrat), member of the Council of Ministers after 30 July 1916; Minister of Foreign Affairs between 18 January 1916 to 4 August 1917
Paul Hymans (Liberal), member of the Council of Ministers after 18 January 1916; Minister of Economic Affairs from 12 November 1917 to 1 January 1918; Minister of Foreign Affairs after 1 January 1918.
Count Eugène Goblet d'Alviella (Liberal), member of the Council of Ministers after 18 January 1916
Emile Vandervelde (Socialist), member of the Council of Ministers after 18 January 1916; Minister of Supplies after 4 August 1917
Emile Brunet (Socialist), member of the Council of Ministers after 1 January 1918.

Criticism

The Flamingant poet René de Clercq published a poem called Aan Die Van Havere ("To those of Le Havre") in 1916, in which he accused the government (the "Lords of Le Havre") of having forgotten the plight of Flanders.

References

^ De Schaepdrijver, Sophie (2014). "Violence and Legitimacy: Occupied Belgium, 1914–1918". The Low Countries: Arts and Society in Flanders and the Netherlands. 22: 46. OCLC 948603897.
^ Thielemans, Marie-Rose, ed. (1991), Albert 1^er, Carnets et Correspondance de Guerre, 1914-1918, Paris: Duculot, pp. 14–5, ISBN 2-8011-0951-7

1830–1918	Provisional Government de Gerlache Lebeau I de Muelenaere Rogier I de Theux de Meylandt I Lebeau II Nothomb Van de Weyer de Theux de Meylandt II Rogier II de Brouckère de Decker Rogier III Frère-Orban d'Anethan de Theux de Meylandt-Malou Frère-Orban-Van Humbeeck Malou-Jacobs-Woeste Beernaert de Burlet de Smet de Naeyer I Vandenpeereboom de Smet de Naeyer II de Trooz Schollaert de Broqueville I de Broqueville II (in Sainte-Adresse) Cooreman
1918–1995	Delacroix I Delacroix II Carton de Wiart Theunis I Van de Vyvere Poullet Jaspar I Jaspar II Renkin de Broqueville III Theunis II Van Zeeland I Van Zeeland II Janson Spaak I Pierlot I Pierlot II Pierlot III Pierlot IV (in London) Pierlot V Pierlot VI Van Acker I Van Acker II Spaak II Van Acker III Huysmans I Spaak III Spaak IV G. Eyskens I Duvieusart I Pholien I Van Houtte I Van Acker IV G. Eyskens II G. Eyskens III G. Eyskens IV Lefèvre I Harmel I Vanden Boeynants I G. Eyskens V G. Eyskens VI Leburton I Leburton II Tindemans I Tindemans II Vanden Boeynants II Martens I Martens II Martens III Martens IV M. Eyskens I Martens V Martens VI Martens VII Martens VIII Martens IX Dehaene I
1995–present	Dehaene II Verhofstadt I Verhofstadt II Verhofstadt III Leterme I Van Rompuy Leterme II Di Rupo Michel I Michel II Wilmès I Wilmès II De Croo

Formations
2007–2008 2010–2011 2014 2019–2020

This page was last edited on 12 March 2024, at 12:22

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