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Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bay of Plenty
Single-member constituency
for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Outline map
Location of Bay of Plentywithin Bay of Plenty
RegionBay of Plenty
Major settlementsTauranga (part of city)
Current constituency
Current MPTom Rutherford
PartyNational

Bay of Plenty is a New Zealand electoral division returning one member to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current representative is Tom Rutherford of the National Party, first elected at the 2023 election.

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Transcription

Population centres

In the 1892 electoral redistribution, population shift to the North Island required the transfer of one seat from the South Island to the north. The resulting ripple effect saw every electorate established in 1890 have its boundaries altered, and eight electorates were established for the first time, including Bay of Plenty.[1]

Bay of Plenty was created for the change to the mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation voting system; it was carved out of parts of the old seats of Kaimai, Tarawera and Eastern Bay of Plenty. Its original incarnation was based mostly around Whakatane and Opotiki districts, with the remaining population coming from Te Puke and parts of greater Tauranga. The current Bay of Plenty electorate is wrapped around Tauranga city, but does not include the city. Up until the 2019–20 review, it included Matakana Island.

Prior to the 2007 boundary review, it did not extend to the western side of Tauranga or to Matakana Island. Instead it comprised a section of the central Bay of Plenty coast, from the eastern periphery of the Tauranga urban area to outside the main populated part of Whakatane. It included the towns of Te Puke, Edgecumbe and Papamoa. Rapid population growth around Tauranga has driven considerable boundary change at each review. For the 2008 election, the eastern boundary moved far westwards to the eastern fringe of Te Puke, in the process abandoning sections of the central coast to the Rotorua and East Coast seats.

History

Bay of Plenty has been a safe seat for National's Tony Ryall, who has been returned easily at every election since the seat's re-establishment in 1996. The upper central North Island is an area where New Zealand First has done well, frequently getting a higher vote share in seats in both the Bay of Plenty region and in the Waikato than it does nationally.

The earlier Bay of Plenty electorate from 1893 to 1978 was held by William Kelly 1893–1896, William Herries 1896–1908, William MacDonald 1908–1920, Kenneth Williams 1920–1935, Gordon Hultquist 1935–1941, Bill Sullivan 1941–1957, Percy Allen 1957–1975 and Duncan MacIntyre 1975–1978. Williams had the distinction of being returned unopposed in three general elections, 1922, 1925 and 1931;[2] in 1928 he was opposed by Alexander Moncur for Labour.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  Conservative   Liberal   Reform
  Labour   National   NZ First
Election Winner
1893 election William Kelly
1896 election William Herries
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election William MacDonald1
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1920 by-election Kenneth Williams1
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election Gordon Hultquist2
1938 election
1941 by-election Bill Sullivan3
1943 election
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 by-election Percy Allen
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election Duncan MacIntyre
Electorate abolished; see East Cape
1996 election Tony Ryall
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election Todd Muller
2017 election
2020 election
2023 election Tom Rutherford

1 Died in office
2 Died of illness while on military service
3 Resigned during term

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Bay of Plenty electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1996 election Peter Brown
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2017 election Angie Warren-Clark
2020 election
2023 election Cameron Luxton

Election results

2023 election

2023 general election: Bay of Plenty[3]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Tom Rutherford 23,303 51.64 +6.70 21,452 46.98 +14.41
Labour Pare Taikato 7,898 17.50 -19.79 7,905 17.31 -25.49
ACT Cameron Luxton 4,202 9.31 +4.67 5,212 11.41 +1.32
Green Matthew MacMillan 4,036 8.94 +5.18 3,635 7.96 +3.20
NZ First Kirsten Murfitt 4,025 8.02 +6.76 3,957 8.66 +5.66
Leighton Baker Party Wendy Gillespie 524 1.16 — 58 0.13 —
Animal Justice Caitlin Grattan 375 0.83 — 88 0.19 —
Independent Taupo Wahed 204 0.45 —
Opportunities   894 1.96 +0.30
New Zealand Loyal   714 1.56 —
Te Pāti Māori   577 1.26 +0.83
NewZeal   444 0.97 +0.79 [a]
Legalise Cannabis   193 0.42 -0.12
Freedoms NZ   140 0.31 —
DemocracyNZ   79 0.17 —
New Conservative   56 0.12 -2.02
New Nation   24 0.05 —
Women's Rights   24 0.05 —
Informal votes 560 209
Total valid votes 45,127 45,661
National hold Majority 15,405 34.13 +26.48

2020 election

2020 general election: Bay of Plenty[4]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Todd Muller 20,046 44.94 −16.11 14,758 32.57 −22.05
Labour Angie Warren-Clark 16,631 37.29 +9.94 19,398 42.80 +17.30
ACT Bruce Carley 2,068 4.64 +4.17 4,571 10.09 +9.60
Green Pete Huggins 1,678 3.76 — 2,159 4.76 +0.74
NZ First Tricia Jane Lawrence 963 2.16 −7.62 1,114 3.01 −7.76
Opportunities Chris Jenkins 957 2.15 — 754 1.66 −1.52
New Conservative Margaret Colmore 827 1.85 — 972 2.14 +1.89
Advance NZ Angela Moncur 690 1.55 — 712 1.57 —
Legalise Cannabis Christopher Coker 640 1.43 — 244 0.54 +0.27
ONE Sharon Devery 103 0.23 — 83 0.18 —
Māori Party   195 0.43 −0.07
Outdoors   42 0.09 ±0.00
Sustainable NZ   31 0.07 —
Vision NZ   29 0.06 —
Heartland   12 0.03 —
TEA   11 0.02 —
Social Credit   10 0.02 −0.01
Informal votes 605 250
Total valid votes 44,603 45,318
Turnout 45,663[5] 86.68 +3.48
National hold Majority 3,415 7.66 −26.05

2017 election

2017 general election: Bay of Plenty[6]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Todd Muller 25,352 61.05 +0.36 23,164 54.62 −3.04
Labour Angie Warren-Clark 11,356 27.34 +8.80 10,817 25.51 +12.44
NZ First Lester Gray 4,060 9.78 −2.90 4,568 10.77 −3.17
Māori Party Raewyn Bennett 563 1.36 — 214 0.50 −0.07
ACT Bruce Carley 195 0.47 — 206 0.49 +0.24
Green   1,708 4.03 −3.20
Opportunities   1,349 3.18 —
Legalise Cannabis   113 0.27 −0.07
Conservative   106 0.25 −5.41
Outdoors   40 0.09 —
Ban 1080   40 0.09 −0.05
United Future   32 0.08 −0.13
People's Party   31 0.07 —
Democrats   12 0.03 −0.06
Mana Party   7 0.02 −0.19[b]
Internet   3 0.01 −0.20[c]
Informal votes 423 140
Total valid votes 41,526 42,410
Turnout 42,550 83.20[7] +2.55
National hold Majority 13,996 34.00 −8.15

2014 election

2014 general election: Bay of Plenty[8][9]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Todd Muller 21,735 60.69 −6.79 21,096 57.66 −0.14
Labour Clare Wilson 6,639 18.54 +1.60 4,783 13.07 −0.69
NZ First Ray Dolman 4,542 12.68 +2.14 5,100 13.94 +1.31
Conservative Deborah Cunliffe 1,322 3.69 −0.03 2,072 5.66 +1.54
Independent Coalition Brendan Horan 1,281 3.58 +3.58 104 0.28 +0.28
Democrats Tracy Livingston 160 0.45 +0.45 33 0.09 +0.05
United Future Ben Rickard 135 0.38 −0.23 78 0.21 −0.37
Green   2,645 7.23 −1.48
Māori Party   207 0.57 −0.02
Internet Mana   187 0.51 +0.51
Legalise Cannabis   126 0.34 −0.17
ACT   90 0.25 −0.91
Ban 1080   50 0.14 +0.14
Civilian   10 0.03 +0.03
Focus   6 0.02 +0.02
Informal votes 378 88
Total valid votes 36,192 36,675
Turnout 36,641 80.02[10] +2.03
National hold Majority 15,096 42.15 −8.78

2011 election

2011 general election: Bay of Plenty [11]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Tony Ryall 23,710 67.48 +2.61 20,853 57.80 -0.89
Labour Carol Devoy-Heena 5,950 16.94 +0.86 4,965 13.76 -6.43
NZ First Ray Dolman 3,704 10.54 -0.79 4,469 12.39 +4.13
Conservative Peter Redman 1,306 3.72 +3.72 1,485 4.12 +4.12
Mana Sharon Stevens 251 0.71 +0.71 91 0.25 +0.25
United Future Brian Carter 213 0.61 +0.11 207 0.57 -0.13
Green   3,142 8.71 +3.84
ACT   418 1.16 -1.75
Māori Party   213 0.59 -0.11
Legalise Cannabis   183 0.51 +0.14
Libertarianz   29 0.08 +0.01
Democrats   13 0.04 -0.01
Alliance   9 0.02 -0.03
Informal votes 879 226
Total valid votes 35,134 36,077
National hold Majority 17,760 50.55 +1.75

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 46,546[12]

2008 election

2008 general election: Bay of Plenty[13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Tony Ryall 23,402 64.88 +6.65 21,526 58.70 +9.57
Labour Carol Devoy-Heena 5,798 16.07 -4.38 7,404 20.19 -7.89
NZ First Peter Brown 4,087 11.33 -2.30 3,030 8.26 -3.79
Kiwi Tony Christiansen 2,258 6.26 – 734 2.00 –
ACT Francis Denz 346 0.96 – 1,067 2.91 +2.00
United Future Brian Carter 180 0.50 -1.47 258 0.70 -3.19
Green   1,787 4.87 +1.55
Māori Party   258 0.70 +0.08
Progressive   175 0.48 -0.39
Bill and Ben   144 0.39 –
Legalise Cannabis   135 0.37 +0.20
Family Party   60 0.16 –
Libertarianz   25 0.07 +0.04
Alliance   21 0.06 +0.05
Democrats   18 0.05 +0.01
Pacific   17 0.05 –
RAM   9 0.02 –
RONZ   3 0.01 -0.00
Workers Party   3 0.01 –
Informal votes 325 118
Total valid votes 36,071 36,674
National hold Majority 17,604 48.80 +11.03

2005 election

2005 general election: Bay of Plenty[14]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Tony Ryall 20,941 57.82 17,934 48.95
Labour Pauline Scott 7,357 20.31 10,252 27.98
NZ First Peter Brown 4,903 13.54 4,399 12.01
Green Ian Stephens 1,181 3.26 1,213 3.31
United Future Jeff Leigh 707 1.95 1,421 3.88
Destiny Roberta Maxwell 317 0.88 279 0.76
Māori Party Te Orohi Paul 314 0.87 226 0.62
Progressive Ronnie Stewart-Ward 217 0.60 – 316 0.86
Direct Democracy Mike Robertson 27 0.07 10 0.03
ACT   332 0.91
Legalise Cannabis   63 0.17
Christian Heritage   20 0.05
Democrats   13 0.04
Libertarianz   12 0.03
Family Rights   6 0.02
RONZ   4 0.0
99 MP   3 0.01
Alliance   3 0.01
One NZ   2 0.01
Informal votes 129 255
Total valid votes 36,219 36,637
National hold Majority 13,584 37.51

2002 election

2002 general election: Bay of Plenty[15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Tony Ryall 12,975 42.95 7,130 23.29
NZ First Peter Brown 7,378 24.42 6,896 22.53
Labour Mei Matere Taare 6,494 21.49 9,457 30.89
United Future John Cassidy 1,231 4.07 2,506 8.19
Green Te Ruruanga Te Keeti 1,098 3.63 1,691 5.52
Christian Heritage Richard Holland 416 1.38 350 1.14
ACT Graham Douglas Steenson 371 1.23 1,451 4.74
Progressive John Neill 249 0.82 239 0.78
ORNZ   569 1.86
Christian Heritage   350 1.14
Alliance   162 0.53
Legalise Cannabis   122 0.40
One NZ   15 0.05
Mana Māori   13 0.04
NMP   3 0.01
Informal votes 214 86
Total valid votes 30,212 30,611
National hold Majority 5,597 18.53

1999 election

1999 general election: Bay of Plenty[16][17]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Green tickY Tony Ryall 15,781 46.00 11,350 32.91
Labour Terry Hughes 8,679 25.30 11,342 32.89
NZ First Peter Brown 4,185 12.20 3,178 9.22
Green Margaret Collins 1,815 5.29 1,847 5.36
Alliance John Neill 1,338 3.90 1,769 5.13
Christian Democrats Judy Turner 1,161 3.38 1,210 3.51
Christian Heritage Joyce Stevens 659 1.92 795 2.31
ACT Lynne Cook 520 1.52 2,138 6.20
Te Tawharau Willie Coates 100 0.29
Natural Law Meike van Batenburg 70 0.20 28 0.08
Legalise Cannabis   255 0.74
United NZ   181 0.52
Libertarianz   139 0.40
One NZ   72 0.21
Mana Māori   57 0.17
McGillicuddy Serious   50 0.14
Animals First   41 0.12
NMP   8 0.02
Freedom Movement 6 0.02
People's Choice Party 6 0.02
Mauri Pacific   5 0.01
South Island   4 0.01
Republican   3 0.01
Informal votes 448 272
Total valid votes 34,308 34,484
National hold Majority 7,102

1996 election

1996 general election: Bay of Plenty[18][19][20]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
National Tony Ryall 13,923 42.63 11,387 34.73
NZ First Peter Brown 8,770 26.85 7,237 22.07
Labour Julie Tucker 5,354 16.39 7,016 21.40
Alliance Jim Bennett 2,609 7.99 2,732 8.33
Christian Coalition Judy Turner 1,253 3.84 1,884 5.75
ACT Reg Turner 359 1.10 1,513 4.61
McGillicuddy Serious Mark Servian 225 0.69 108 0.33
Te Tawharau Rangitukehu David Paul 78 0.24 42 0.13
Natural Law Lew Cormack 67 0.21 44 0.13
Progressive Greens Graeme Leech 24 0.07 65 0.20
Legalise Cannabis   446 1.36
United NZ   169 0.52
Animals First   51 0.16
Superannuitants & Youth 33 0.10
Mana Māori   19 0.06
Green Society 17 0.05
Conservatives 12 0.04
Libertarianz   10 0.03
Advance New Zealand 4 0.01
Asia Pacific United 1 0.00
Ethnic Minority Party 1 0.00
Informal votes 246 117
Total valid votes 32,662 32,791
National win new seat Majority 5,153 15.78

1957 by-election

1957 Bay of Plenty by-election[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Percy Allen 5,290 53.99
Labour Godfrey Santon 4,091 41.75
Liberal Federation Reginald Joseph Pedley 417 4.26
Majority 1,199 12.24
Informal votes 35 0.36
Turnout 9,233 72.15
Registered electors 13,628
National hold Swing

1941 by-election

1941 Bay of Plenty by-election[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Bill Sullivan 4,675 60.72 +11.91
Labour Charles Mills 3,024 39.27
Informal votes 136 1.76 +1.11
Majority 1,651 21.44
Turnout 7,699 83.48 -9.03
Registered electors 9,222

1938 election

1938 general election: Bay of Plenty[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Gordon Hultquist 4,964 50.54 +7.43
National Bill Sullivan 4,795 48.81
Informal votes 65 0.65 -0.10
Majority 169 1.72 -5.08
Turnout 9,821 92.51 -2.91
Registered electors 10,616

1935 election

1935 general election: Bay of Plenty[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Gordon Hultquist 3,519 43.11
United John Tom Merry 2,964 36.31
Democrat Harry Harker 1,678 20.56
Informal votes 62 0.75
Majority 555 6.80
Turnout 8,161 89.60
Registered electors 9,108

1928 election

1928 general election: Bay of Plenty[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Kenneth Williams 4,463 63.22
Labour Alexander Moncur 2,596 36.78
Informal votes 93 1.30
Majority 1,867 26.45
Turnout 7,152 79.09
Registered electors 9,043

1920 by-election

1920 Bay of Plenty by-election[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Kenneth Williams 2,381 57.93
Liberal Frederick John Lysnar 1,729 42.07
Majority 652 15.86
Turnout 4,110

1919 election

1919 general election: Bay of Plenty[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal William MacDonald 3,546 59.85 +3.06
Reform Kenneth Williams 2,312 39.02 -4.18
Informal votes 66 1.11 -0.21
Majority 1,234 20.83 +7.52
Turnout 5,924 70.22 -10.32
Registered electors 8,436

1914 election

1914 general election: Bay of Plenty[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal William MacDonald 4,033 56.79 +2.79
Reform Kenneth Williams 3,068 43.20
Informal votes 94 1.32 +0.22
Majority 965 13.58 +4.49
Turnout 7,101 80.54 +5.32
Registered electors 8,816

1911 election

1911 general election: Bay of Plenty[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal William MacDonald 3,177 54.00 -0.59
Reform Harry De Lautour 2,642 44.90
Informal votes 65 1.10 +0.57
Majority 535 9.09 -0.09
Turnout 5,884 75.22 +3.59
Registered electors 7,822

1908 election

1908 general election: Bay of Plenty, first ballot[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal William MacDonald 2,413 46.65
Conservative James Gow 1,970 37.27
Independent David Lundon 902 17.06
Informal votes 79 1.49
Majority 443 8.38
Turnout 5,285 77.99 -4.41
Second ballot result
Liberal William MacDonald 2,650 54.59 +7.94
Conservative James Gow 2,204 45.40 +8.13
Informal votes 26 0.53 -0.96
Majority 446 9.18 +0.80
Turnout 4,854 71.63 -6.36
Registered electors 6,776

1905 election

1905 general election: Bay of Plenty[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Herries 3,251 51.23 +2.84
Liberal Joseph Foster 3,040 47.91
Majority 211 3.32 -6.26
Turnout 6,345 82.40 +6.29
Registered electors 7,700

1902 election

1902 general election: Bay of Plenty[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Herries 2,110 48.39 -4.87
Liberal David Lundon 1,434 32.88 -13.68
Independent Charles Jordan 429 9.83
Independent John Ede Taylor 387 8.87
Majority 676 9.58 +3.07
Turnout 4,360 76.11 -6.67
Registered electors 5,728

1899 election

1899 general election: Bay of Plenty[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Herries 2,110 53.26 +1.10
Liberal David Lundon[34] 1,852 46.74
Majority 258 6.51 +2.21
Turnout 3,962 82.78 +5.09
Registered electors 4,786

1896 election

1896 general election: Bay of Plenty[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Herries 1,600 52.15
Liberal William Kelly 1,468 47.85 +6.86
Majority 132 4.30 +3.64
Turnout 3,068 77.69 +9.64
Registered electors 3,949

1893 election

1893 general election: Bay of Plenty[36][37][38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal William Kelly 1,162 40.99
Conservative Henry Burton 953 33.62
Liberal Charles Jordan 583 20.56
Independent George Vesey Stewart 116 4.09
Independent Thomas Mace Humphreys 19 0.67
Liberal William Fraser 2 0.07
Majority 209 7.37
Turnout 2,835 68.05
Registered electors 4,166

Notes

  1. ^ Compared to ONE Party
  2. ^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election.
  3. ^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election.

References

  1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 59f.
  2. ^ Bassett 1982, pp. 66f.
  3. ^ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Bay of Plenty - Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  4. ^ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Bay of Plenty - Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate (2020)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  6. ^ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Bay of Plenty - Official Result". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  8. ^ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Official Count Results – Bay of Plenty". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  9. ^ "New Zealand Parliament – Bay of Plenty: Electoral Profile". Parliament.nz. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  10. ^ "2014 General Election Voter Turnout Statistics – Bay of Plenty". Electoral Commission. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
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Bibliography

  • The General Election, 1908. National Library. 1909. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  • Bassett, Michael (1982). Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931. Auckland: Historical Publications. ISBN 0-86870-006-1.
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand parliamentary election results, 1946–1987. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Department of Political Science. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

External links

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