Bajo de la Carpa Formation

Bajo de la Carpa Formation
Stratigraphic range: Mid-Late Santonian ~86–83 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Neuquén Group Río Colorado Subgroup
Underlies	Anacleto Formation
Overlies	Río Neuquén Subgroup Plottier Formation
Thickness	Up to 150 m (490 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Mudstone, siltstone, paleosol
Location
Coordinates	38°48′S 68°48′W / 38.8°S 68.8°W / -38.8; -68.8
Approximate paleocoordinates	43°24′S 49°48′W / 43.4°S 49.8°W / -43.4; -49.8
Region	Neuquén & Río Negro Provinces
Country	Argentina
Extent	Neuquén Basin
Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Argentina)

The Bajo de la Carpa Formation is a geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin that crops out in northern Patagonia, in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, Argentina. It is the oldest of two formations belonging to the Río Colorado Subgroup within the Neuquén Group. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Bajo de la Carpa Formation was known as the Bajo de la Carpa Member.^[1]

At its base, this formation conformably overlies the Plottier Formation of the older Río Neuquén Subgroup, and it is in turn overlain by the Anacleto Formation, the youngest and uppermost formation of the Neuquén Group.^[2]^[3]

The Bajo de la Carpa Formation can reach 150 metres (490 ft) in thickness in some locations, and consists mainly of sandstones of various colors, all of fluvial origin, with thin layers of mudstone and siltstone in between. Geological features such as geodes, chemical nodules, impressions of raindrops, and paleosols (fossil soils) are commonly found in this formation as well.^[1]^[3]

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Fossil content

Reptiles

Vertebrate fossils are abundant within the Bajo de la Carpa Formation:

a snake-necked turtle, Lomalatachelys
a lizard, Paleochelco
the snake Dinilysia
diverse crocodylomorphs occupying a range of ecological niches: Comahuesuchus, Cynodontosuchus, Lomasuchus, Gasparinisuchus,^[4] Neuquensuchus universitas,^[5] Notosuchus, Peirosaurus, Kinesuchus overoi,^[6] and Barrosasuchus neuquenianus^[7]

Small nests with eggs inside, found in this formation, probably belonged to the bird Neuquenornis.^[3] Fossil wasp nests have also been found in these rocks.^[1]^[3]

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ornithischians reported from the Allen Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Ankylosauria^[8]	Indetermidate.
Mahuidacursor^[9]	M. lipanglef				An ornithopod.

Sauropods

Sauropods reported from the Allen Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Bonitasaura	B. salgadoi				A titanosaur.
Inawentu	I. oslatus				A titanosaur.
Overosaurus	O. paradasorum				A titanosaur.
Rinconsaurus	R. caudamirus				A titanosaur.
Traukutitan^[10]	T. eocaudata				A titanosaur.

Theropods

Theropods reported from the Allen Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Achillesaurus					A bird-like theropod
Alvarezsaurus					A bird-like theropod
Llukalkan ^[11]	L. aliocranianus				A ceratosaurian theropod.
Neuquenornis^[3]					A enantiornithine bird.
Patagopteryx					The oldest known flightless bird.
Tratayenia^[12]	T. rosalesi				A megaraptoran theropod.
Velocisaurus^[11]	V. unicus				A ceratosaurian theropod.
Viavenator^[11]	V. exxoni				A ceratosaurian theropod.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Sánchez et al., 2006
^ Fossa Mancini et al., 1938
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Leanza et al., 2004
^ Martinelli et al., 2012
^ Lio et al., 2018
^ Filippi et al., 2018a
^ Coria et al., 2019
^ Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico; Manabe, Makoto; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Novas, Fernando E. (September 2021). "Ornithischian remains from the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Patagonia, Argentina, and their implications on ornithischian paleobiogeography in the Southern Hemisphere". Cretaceous Research. 125: 104881. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12504881R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104881. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ Cruzado Caballero et al., 2019
^ Filippi, Leonardo S.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Gallina, Pablo A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2023). "A rebbachisaurid-mimicking titanosaur and evidence of a Late Cretaceous faunal disturbance event in South-West Gondwana". Cretaceous Research. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105754. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ ^a ^b ^c Filippi et al., 2018b
^ Porfiri et al., 2018

Bibliography

Coria, Rodolfo A.; Ortega, Francisco; Arcucci, Andrea B.; Currie, Philip J. (2019). "A new and complete peirosaurid (Crocodyliformes, Notosuchia) from Sierra Barrosa (Santonian, Upper Cretaceous) of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 95: 89–105. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.008. S2CID 133671689.
Cruzado Caballero, P.; Gasca, J.M.; Filippi, L.S.; Cerda, I.; Garrido, A.C. (2019). "A new ornithopod dinosaur from the Santonian of Northern Patagonia (Rincón de los Sauces, Argentina)". Cretaceous Research. 98: 211–229. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.014. S2CID 133830733.
Filippi, L.S.; Barrios, F.; Garrido, A.C. (2018a). "A new peirosaurid from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian) of Cerro Overo, Neuquén, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 83: 75–83. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.021. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
Filippi, Leonardo S.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2018). "Osteology of Viavenator exxoni (Abelisauridae; Furileusauria) from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, NW Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 83: 95–119. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.07.019. hdl:11336/75315. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
Fossa Mancini, E.; Feruglio, E.; Yussen de Campana, J.C. (1938). "Una reunión de geólogos de YPF y el problema de la terminología estratigráfica ("A YPF geologists' reunion and the problem of stratigraphy terminology")". Boletín de Informaciones Petroleras. 15: 1–67.
Leanza, H.A.; Apesteguia, S.; Novas, F.E.; De la Fuente, M.S. (2004). "Cretaceous terrestrial beds from the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) and their tetrapod assemblages". Cretaceous Research. 25: 61–87. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2003.10.005. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
Lio, Gabriel; Agnolin, Federico L.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Novas, Fernando E. (2018). "New specimen of the enigmatic, Late Cretaceous crocodyliform Neuquensuchus universitas sheds light on the anatomy of the species". Cretaceous Research. 83: 62–74. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.09.014. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
Martinelli, Agustín G.; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Praderio, Ángel M. (2012). "A new peirosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina: Implications for specimens referred to Peirosaurus torminni Price (Crocodyliformes: Peirosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 37: 191–200. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.017. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
Porfiri, Juan D.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Santos, Domenica D.D.; Lamanna, Matthew C. (2018). "A new megaraptoran theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of northwestern Patagonia". Cretaceous Research. 89: 302–319. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.03.014. S2CID 134117648. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
Sánchez, María Lidia; Heredia, Susana; Calvo, Jorge O. (2006). "Paleoambientes sedimentarios del Cretácico Superior de la Formación Plottier (Grupo Neuquén), Departamento Confluencia, Neuquén (Sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Upper Cretaceous Plottier Formation (Neuquen Group), Confluencia, Neuquén)". Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina. 61: 3–18. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
Gianechini, Federico A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Juárez-Valieri, Rubén D.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2021). "A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid from La Invernada (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian, Bajo De La Carpa Formation), Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1877151. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1877151.

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