Ayta al-Jabal

Ayta al-Jabal, Aayta Ej Jabal عيتا الجبل، عيتا الزط
village
Ayta al-Jabal, Aayta Ej Jabal Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 33°10′32″N 35°24′28″E / 33.17556°N 35.40778°E / 33.17556; 35.40778
Grid position	188/286 PAL
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	Nabatieh Governorate
District	Bint Jbeil District
Area ^[1]
• Total	4.99 km² (1.93 sq mi)
Elevation ^[1]	680 m (2,230 ft)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)

Ayta al-Jabal or Aayta Ej Jabal (Arabic: عيتا الجبل), also Ayta ez-Zutt (Arabic: عيتا الزط),^[2] is a village in Nabatiye Governorate, in the Bint Jbeil District of southern Lebanon, about 112 kilometres (70 mi) from Beirut. The village is situated in the southern outskirts of the town of Tebnine, in the heart of the Lebanese Shia Muslim community of Jabal Amel. The village sits on an elevation of 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea level.

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History

Antiquity

Ayta al-Jabal is identified with Beth 'Ayit (Hebrew: בית עיט), a place referenced in the Baraita on the "Boundaries of the Land of Israel" as part of the delineation of the northwestern border of Jewish resettlement following the return from Babylonian exile. Scholarly analysis suggests that this text likely describes a later era, possibly the Hasmonean or Herodian periods, during the 2nd or 1st century BCE.^[3]

Ottoman period

In the 1596 Ottoman tax records, the village, named 'Ayta al-Gajar, was located in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the Liwa of Safad, with a population of 12 households and 3 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as wheat (2,600 akçe), barley (1,400 akçe), olive trees (500 akçe), goats and beehives (400 akçe), in addition to "occasional revenues" (137 akçe) and a press for olive oil or grape syrup (12 akçe); a total of 5,049 akçe. Part of the revenue went to a waqf.^[4]^[5]

In 1856 it was named Aithat et Tut on Kiepert's map of Palestine/Lebanon published that year,^[6] while in 1875, Victor Guérin passed by and noted: “to my left, beyond a wadi, [is] the village of A'ïtha, on a high hill; it does not look very considerable and is inhabited by Metualis."^[7]

In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village (which it called 'Aita ez Zut): "A village, built of stone, containing about fifty Metawileh, situated on a hill-top, with figs, olives, and arable land around. There are two cisterns in the village."^[8]

French rule

The current Bint Jbeil province was created in 1922 by French mandatory authorities.^[9]

Notable people from Ayta al-Jabal

Youssef Mohamad, footballer

References

^ ^a ^b Aayta Ej Jabal, Localiban
^ Âita ez Zutt, meaning "the high mountain of the Zutt", according to Palmer 1881, p. 17
^ Frankel, Raphael; Finkelstein, Israel (1983). "The Northwest Corner of Eretz-Israel in the Baraita 'Boundaries of Eretz-Israel". Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv (in Hebrew) (27): 39–46. ISSN 0334-4657.
^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 183
^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
^ Kiepert, 1856, Map of Northern Palestine/Lebanon
^ Guérin, 1880, p. 385
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. 94
^ Ahmad Rida, Memoirs of History (مذكرات للتاريخ), Dar An-Nahar: Beirut 2009, pp. 138, 179, 180, 183, 227.

Bibliography

Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century (PhD). Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2021-07-02.

External links

'Aita ez Zut on the Palestine Exploration Fund Map of 1878, Map 2: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Aayta Ej Jabal, Localiban

v t e Bint Jbeil District, Nabatiyeh Governorate
Capital: Bint Jbeil
Towns and villages	Ain Ebel Aitaroun At Tiri Aynata Ayta al-Jabal Ayta ash Shab Bayt Lif Bayt Yahoun Brashit Burj Qallawiyah Dayr Antar Debel Frun Ghanduriyah Haddatha Hanine Haris Jumayjimah Kafra Kafr Dunin Khirbet Selm Kunin Maroun al-Ras Qalaouiyeh Qaouzah Rachaf Ramyah Rmaich Safad al-Battikh Salhan Shaqra as-Sultaniyah Sribbin Tebnine Yaroun Yater
Notable landmarks	Belat temple Wadi Koura Wadi Yaroun Wadi al-Taym Wadi Saluki
Other sites	Aard el Borj Chalaaboun Douwara Khallet el Hamra

This page was last edited on 26 April 2024, at 12:28

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