Army of the Congress Poland (Polish: Wojsko Polskie Królestwa Kongresowego, Russian: Армия Царства Польского) refers to the military forces of the Kingdom of Poland that existed in the period 1815–1831.[1]
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History
The army was formed even before the Congress Poland, in 1814, and was based on the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw.[2] Its creation was confirmed by the Constitution of the Congress Kingdom.[3] It took part in the November Uprising against the Russians.[4] The uprising begun when a group of young officers tried, unsuccessfully, to assassinate Grand Duke Constantine.[5] The defeat of the uprising in 1831 marked the end of the existence of a regular Polish army for almost a century.[4] It was abolished with the new constitution of 1832, the Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland, which incorporated the army into the Imperial Russian Army.[6]
Culture and training
The Army retained Polish uniforms.[7] It was reorganized into a Russian army model, with infantry and cavalry divisions, artillery brigades and batteries, and an engineering corps. A regiment of grenadiers and cavalry rifleman were also formed.[7]
Obligatory military service was set at 10 years, with the option of buying one's time out.[7][8] The Army was well trained, with a new cadet school in Kalisz, a number of podchorąży training schools, and a higher military school in Warsaw.[7]
The cost of maintaining the army was close to 50% of the Kingdom's budget.[8]
Composition and size
Notable Polish commanders of the Army included Ignacy Prądzyński and Józef Bem,[7] and General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski. Its nominal commander-in-chief was the Russian viceroy, Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, although for most purposes the Army was commanded by a Military Council.[2][9]
The peacetime army was 28,000[8]-30,000[7] strong (sources vary). During the November Uprising, it was expanded to 100,000.[7] Of that, about 57,000 could be seen as a qualified, first-line troops.[8]
Before the Uprising, the Army was composed of two infantry divisions with three brigades each, two cavalry divisions with two brigades each, and two artillery brigades (one cavalry and one infantry).[10] Each infantry brigade was about 3,600 strong, each cavalry brigade was about half that size.[10]
See also
- Army of the Duchy of Warsaw
- Military of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)
References
- ^ Norman Davies (1982). God's Playground, a History of Poland: 1795 to the present. Columbia University Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-231-05353-2. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ a b Władysław Mieczysław Kozłowski (1907). Autonomia Królestwa Polskiego, 1815–1831. Główny Skład w Księg. E. Wende i Ska. p. 72. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ "Konstytucja Królestwa Polskiego z 1815 r. – oprac. Bartłomiej Migda". Law.uj.edu.pl. Archived from the original on 2007-11-18. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ a b Norman Davies (1982). God's Playground, a History of Poland: 1795 to the present. Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-231-05353-2. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ Professor Anita J. Prazmowska (13 July 2011). A History of Poland. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 225–226. ISBN 978-0-230-34537-9. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Samuel Orgelbrand (1902). S. Orgelbranda Encyklopedja powszechna z ilustracjami i mapami. S. Orgelbranda synów. p. 156. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g Juliusz Bardach, Boguslaw Lesnodorski, and Michal Pietrzak, Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego (Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, p.369
- ^ a b c d Andrzej Jezierski (2003). Historia Gospodarcza Polski. Key Text Wydawnictwo. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-83-87251-71-0. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ HALINA LERSKI (30 January 1996). Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. ABC-CLIO. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ a b Dariusz Ostapowicz (January 2010). Boreml 1831. Bellona. p. 77. ISBN 978-83-11-11708-2. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
Further reading
- Mieczysław Chojnacki (1961). Wojsko Królestwa Polskiego, 1815–1831. Państwowe zakłady wydawn. szkolnych. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- Wacław Tokarz (1917). Armja Królestwa Polskiego : 1815–1830. Nakł. Departamentu Wojskowego Naczelnego Komitetu Narodowego. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
| Specialised component(s) | |
|---|---|
| Reserve | National Reserve Forces |
| Military police | |
| Stand-alone unit(s) | |
This page was last edited on 27 October 2023, at 01:29