Aramits

Aramits (French pronunciation: [aʁamits]; Occitan: Aràmits; Basque: Aramitze) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

Geography

Location

Aramits is located in part of the Barétous valley, the westernmost of the three main valleys of Béarn crossing the Pyrenees. It is located some 15 km south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 3 km north of Arette.

Access

Access is by the D919 road from Ance in the north-east to the village then continuing to Lanne-en-Baretous in the south-west. There are also the minor roads D659 from the village north to join the D159 on the northern border and the D133 which goes south from the village to Arette.^[3]

Bus route 848 of the Inter-urban network of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, which connects La Pierre Saint-Martin (a ski resort in Arette) to Oloron-Sainte-Marie, has a stop in Aramits.

Hydrography

Located in the drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is bisected from south-west to north-east by : Le Vert a tributary of the Gave d'Oloron which gathers many tributaries of its own in the commune including the Aurone, the Lancy, the Littos, the Talou Gros, and also by the arrècs of Bugalaran, Bitole (as well its tributary the Rachet), Ibarcis, and Labaigt (and by its tributary the Audore).

The tributaries of the Joos: the Arriou de Sulu and the Bouhatéko erreka (with the Dragon) also flow through the commune.

Localities and hamlets

^[5]

Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is Aràmits (according to classical norm of Occitan). For Brigitte Jobbé-Duval,^[6] the origin of the name is from the Basque aran ("valley") and -itz (a locative and collective suffix) giving "place of valleys" or "confluence".^[7] It would also indicate that the inhabitants were once nicknamed grenouilles (frogs) - a name for the inhabitants of wetlands).

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Name	Spelling	Date	Source	Page	Origin	Description
Aramits	Aramiçs	1270	Raymond	7	Ossau	Village
	Aramitz en Baratons	1376	Raymond	7	Luntz
	Iramitz	1383	Raymond	7	Luntz
	Sent-Vinsens d'Aramitz	1606	Raymond	7	Insinuations
	Aramys	1630	Grosclaude		Le Païs de Béarn Map
	Aramits	1750	Cassini
L'Arrigau	lo ariu aperat la Rigau	1538	Raymond	12	Reformation	Stream with its source in Arette and joining the Vert in Aramits
	L'Arrigas	1863	Raymond
Basques	Basques	1863	Raymond	22		Hamlet
La Bourette	La Bourette	1863	Raymond	35		Tributary of the Vert which rises in Aramits
Le Bois de Bugangue	lo boscq de Buyangue	1477	Raymond	37	Aspe	Wood on the territory of Asasp in 1863. The Ruisseau de Bugangue, a tributary of the Mielle which rose in Asasp and Gurmençon in 1863, passed through the wood.
Calangué	La Calangue	1863	Raymond	39		A Stream with its source in the Bois de Budangue and joining the Dandarou, a tributary of the Vert.
Gouloume	Goulomme	1863	Raymond	72		Wood
La Grange-d'Osse	L’Espitau d’Osse	1385	Raymond	73	Census	Farm next to the Vert belonging to Pontaut Abbey[8](Landes) and a fief of the Viscounts of Béarn depending on the bailiwick of Oloron.
	La Grange de Osse ab une petite gleysi	1538	Raymond	73	Reformation
Lanne de Haut	Lane	1385	Raymond	92	Census	Close to another place in Aramits which is now in the commune of Lanne-en-Barétous. It had a Lay Abbey, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn. In 1385 it was part of the bailiwick of Oloron and had 17 fires.
	Lana	1444	Raymond	92	Cour Majour
	Sanctus Martinus de Lanne	1673	Raymond	92	Insinuations
	Lanne	1863	Raymond	92
Olivé	Oliber	1538	Raymond	124	Reformation	Farm
Serreuille	Seruilhe	1376	Raymond	160	Military	Hamlet
	Sarrulhe-Susoo	1385	Raymond	160	Census
	Sarrulhe-Jusoo	1385	Raymond	160	Census
Soulou	Soulon	1581	Raymond	163	Reformation	Farm

Sources:

• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)^[4]
• Grosclaude: Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn, 2006 (in French)^[7]
• Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750^[9]

Origins:

• Ossau: Titles of the Ossau Valley^[10]
• Luntz:^[11]
• Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of Oloron^[12]
• Aspe: Titles of the Aspe Valley^[13]
• Census: Census of Béarn^[14]
• Cour Majour: Regulations of the Cour Majour^[15]
• Military: Military Inspection of Béarn^[16]

History

Paul Raymond on page 7 of his 1863 dictionary that Aramits is the former capital of the Barétous valley and that there were two Lay Abbeys, vassals of the Viscounts of Béarn: The Abadie-Susan and Abadie-Jusan.

He further noted that in 1385 there were 52 fires at Aramits and it depended on the bailiwick of Oloron.^[4]

Shortly before (in 1375), the priest of Aramits played the role of mediator in conflicts between the Navarrese and the Bearnese which gave birth to the treaty called the Junta de Roncal, leading to the yearly tribute of the three cows paid by Aramits to Isaba (Spain).

In 1790, the Canton of Aramits also included Esquiule.

On 13 March 2000 Aramits was hit by an earthquake of magnitude 4.2.

Heraldry

Blazon: Vert, two swords Argent saltirewise points to base surmounted by a musketeer's hat of Sable feathered in Argent.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors^[17]

From	To	Name
1983	1989	Pierre Louis
1989	2014	Daniel Lourtau
2014	2023	Étienne Serna
2023	current	Jean-François Casaux

Inter-communality

Aramits is part of five inter-communal structures:

• The Communauté de communes du Haut Béarn;
• The SIVU for Tourism in Haute-Soule and Barétous;
• The SIVU La Verna;
• The Energy Association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
• The Intercommunal association for study and management of the watershed of Le Vert and its tributaries.

Demography

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aramitsiens or Aramitsiennes in French.^[18][6]

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 1,024 —     1800 938 −1.25% 1806 1,001 +1.09% 1821 1,220 +1.33% 1831 1,264 +0.35% 1836 1,317 +0.82% 1841 1,303 −0.21% 1846 1,306 +0.05% 1851 1,249 −0.89% 1856 1,209 −0.65% 1861 1,150 −1.00% 1866 1,073 −1.38% 1872 1,024 −0.78% 1876 1,040 +0.39% 1881 1,110 +1.31% 1886 1,031 −1.47% 1891 962 −1.38% 1896 986 +0.49%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 953 −0.68% 1906 953 +0.00% 1911 940 −0.27% 1921 796 −1.65% 1926 766 −0.77% 1931 753 −0.34% 1936 740 −0.35% 1946 697 −0.60% 1954 642 −1.02% 1962 622 −0.39% 1968 600 −0.60% 1975 621 +0.49% 1982 602 −0.44% 1990 588 −0.29% 1999 653 +1.17% 2007 667 +0.27% 2012 678 +0.33% 2017 669 −0.27%
Source: EHESS[19] and INSEE[20]

Economy

The economy of the town is primarily oriented toward agriculture and livestock (cattle and sheep). It is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Religious heritage

The Parish church of Saint-Vincent (17th century)

is registered as an historical monument. It was a former Lay Abbey with the remains of a portal from the 17th century but the old church was demolished in 1880. The new Romanesque-Byzantine style church was built from 1884 to 1886.^[21]

Environmental heritage

• The Sommet de Souek is 623 metres high^[5]
• The Soum d'Unars is 604 metres^[5]
• The Barrat de Sottou is 556 metres.^[5]

Facilities

Education

The commune has a primary school.

Sports and sports facilities

Rugby Union: the Entente Aramits plays in Fédérale 2. Pierre Capdevielle played there from 1985 to 1994.

Notable people linked to the commune

• Henri d'Aramitz lived in the commune. He was the son of Charles Aramitz and a sergeant in the company of musketeers who was the inspiration for Aramis in the novels The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte de Bragelonne by Alexandre Dumas.

See also

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

References

External links

• Aramits Official web site (in French)
• Aramits on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
• Aramits on the 1750 Cassini Map