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Apollo 11 in popular culture

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Washington Post on Monday, July 21, 1969, stating 'The Eagle Has Landed—Two Men Walk on the Moon'.

Apollo 11 was the first human spaceflight to land on the Moon. The 1969 mission's wide effect on popular culture has resulted in numerous portrayals of Apollo 11 and its crew, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins.

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Transcription

Public reception

The mission was extensively covered in the press. Over 53 million US households tuned in to watch the Apollo 11 mission across the two weeks it was on TV, making it the most watched TV programming up to that date. An estimated 650 million viewers worldwide watched the first steps on the Moon.[1][2][3]

After their return, the astronauts went on what was called the "Giant Leap" tour, visiting 23 countries in 38 days.[4] Starting in Mexico City, where they donned sombreros and were given a second parade, their tour took them through South America, to Spain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Germany, England, and Vatican City.[4] After a rest in the U.S. embassy in Rome they went on to Turkey and Africa.[4] In Zaire, Buzz Aldrin leaped over the barricade between him and some entertainers and joined in with their dancing.[4]

Missing from the tour was Hungary, which rejected the United States's invitation to host the astronauts.[5] Relations between Hungary and the United States were strained at the time over the non-return by the U.S. of the Crown of St Stephen.[5]

Stamps

Many countries have issued stamps commemorating the mission.

The United States issued a US$2.40 stamp commemorating the 20th anniversary in 1989, a stamp for the 25th anniversary, and a 33¢ stamp commemorating the 30th anniversary in 1999.[6][7] The 20th anniversary stamp caused some concern when it was issued, as the law forbade living people from being depicted on stamps, and the image was of two astronauts planting a U.S. flag on the Moon.[7] However, it was never actually officially stated by the USPS that the figures were specifically Armstrong and Aldrin, and not just generic astronaut figures.[7] Other stamps issued included a 10¢ stamp on 1969-09-09 showing an astronaut descending a ladder from a lunar module, and the US$9.95 anniversary stamp issued in 1994.[7] The 1969 stamp art was by Paul Calle, the 1989 art by his son, and the 1994 one by both.[8]

The postal service of Eire issued a commemorative €1 stamp for the 50th anniversary in 2019, but mis-spelled the word "gealach" (Gaelic for "Moon") as "gaelach" ("Irish"), an accidental transposition during design that was not caught in proof.[9] The USPS issued two 50th anniversary stamps as part of its "Forever" collection, one a photograph of the Moon with the landing site marked, and the other one of Armstrong's pictures of Aldrin.[10]

The astronauts themselves had, before the mission, signed what were called "insurance covers", stamped envelopes that were essentially life insurance in the form of memorabilia that family members could sell off in the events of the astronauts' deaths.[11] This practice would continue through to Apollo 16.[12]

Armstrong and Aldrin also cancelled a commemorative stamp whilst on the surface of the Moon.[13] Originally, they were to have done this reciting pre-scripted dialogue that had been supplied by USPS public relations.[13] But the supplied script was lengthy and stilted, the Washington Post commenting that it would have lasted "for the better part of one orbit of the moon" and resulted in "a veritable barrage of phone calls from a flabbergasted public", and NASA decided that the astronauts had enough to do; so the stamping was without ceremony.[13]

Songs

The first song played from the surface of the Moon, chosen by Aldrin, was Quincy Jones's and Frank Sinatra's version of "Fly Me to the Moon".[14] The BBC had used a hurriedly re-recorded version of David Bowie's "Space Oddity" for its news coverage of the landing, but did not play the song again until the mission was over, because of the way that the song lyrics ended.[15]

Movies

Contemporary movies that did well because of the public's interest in the Moon landing were 2001: A Space Odyssey, Barbarella, and Planet of the Apes.[16][17]

Acknowledgments and monuments

The United States of America acknowledged the success of Apollo 11 with a national day of celebration on Monday, July 21, 1969.[18] All but emergency and essential employees were allowed a paid day off from work, in both government[19] and the private sector. The last time this had happened was the national day of mourning on Monday, November 25, 1963, to observe the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy, who had set the political goal to put a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s and bring him back to Earth safely.

A replica of the footprint left by Neil Armstrong is located at Tranquillity Park in Houston, Texas.[20] The park was dedicated in summer of 1979, a decade after the first Moon landing. In 2019 Buzz Aldrin's well-known photograph of his own footprint was depicted on the Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins.[21]

The Apollo 11 Cave in Namibia was named after the flight upon its successful return to Earth.[22]

Portrayal in media

Films and television

Music

Folklore

Soon after the mission a conspiracy theory arose that the landing was a hoax, a theory widely discounted by historians and scientists.[46][47][48] It may have gained more popularity after the 1978 film Capricorn One portrayed a fictional NASA attempt to fake a landing on Mars.[49]

There is a humorous and ribald urban legend that when Armstrong was a child, the wife of a neighbor named Gorsky, when asked by her husband to perform oral sex, had ridiculed him by saying "...when the kid next door walks on the Moon!" and then decades later while walking on the Moon Armstrong supposedly said "Good luck, Mr. Gorsky". In 1995 Armstrong said he first heard the story in California when comedian Buddy Hackett told it as a joke.[50] A short film based on the legend was released in 2011.[51]

See also

References

Cross references

  1. ^ "Apollo 11 Mission Overview". NASA. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  2. ^ "Television Obscurities – Apollo 11 Footage Missing". 20 July 2009.
  3. ^ "Broadcasting Magazine, pg 50 – Apollo 11 turns out as biggest show on earth" (PDF).
  4. ^ a b c d Buckley 2019, p. 124.
  5. ^ a b Maksel 2014.
  6. ^ Cavallaro 2018, p. 285.
  7. ^ a b c d NPM & 1.
  8. ^ NPM & 2.
  9. ^ BBC 2019.
  10. ^ Carter 2019.
  11. ^ Cavallaro 2018, pp. 286, 291.
  12. ^ Dixey 2008, p. 60.
  13. ^ a b c AA 1971, p. 232.
  14. ^ Henry 2013, p. 65.
  15. ^ Fournier 2014, p. 213.
  16. ^ Hayward 2013, p. 74.
  17. ^ Llinares 2011, p. 151.
  18. ^ "Apollo 11". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  19. ^ "Proclamation 3919—National Day of Participation Honoring the Apollo 11 Mission | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  20. ^ SERVICES, HITS-GIS (2023-09-12). "Houston Historic Walk". ArcGIS StoryMaps. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  21. ^ "Apollo 11 commemorative coin puts its best moon foot forward". CNET. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  22. ^ Masson, John (2006). "Apollo 11 Cave in Southwest Namibia: Some Observations on the Site and Its Rock Art". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 61 (183): 76–89. ISSN 0038-1969.
  23. ^ "Moon Landing Film Coming to Theaters". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. September 1, 1969. p. 69 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ Jones, Sam (May 25, 2009). "The moon shoot: film of Apollo mission on show again after 35 years in the can". The Guardian. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  25. ^ "The 100 Greatest Moments in Rock Music: The '80s". Entertainment Weekly. May 1999. Archived from the original on 2008-11-10. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  26. ^ Suzanne Nuyen (July 16, 2019). "Apollo 11 moon landing remains one of the most watched TV moments". wusa9.com. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  27. ^ "National Archives Film Footage Fuels Apollo 11 Film". National Archives. 2019-03-07. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  28. ^ Man on the Moon: Opera, retrieved 2023-11-10
  29. ^ Dale, Richard (2009-07-20), Moonshot (Drama, History), Daniel Lapaine, James Marsters, Andrew Lincoln, Dangerous Films, retrieved 2023-11-10
  30. ^ Sciretta, Peter (December 10, 2010). "Neil Armstrong Explains Why Transformers 3's Lunar Stroll Wasn't Possible". SlashFilm. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  31. ^ Stevens, Dana (June 29, 2011). "Transformers: Dark of the Moon reviewed: Michael Bay finally defeats the audience!". Slate Magazine. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  32. ^ Yorker, The New (2012-05-25). ""Men in Black 3": The Uses of the Past". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  33. ^ The Astronaut Wives Club (TV Series 2015) - Episode list - IMDb, retrieved 2023-11-10
  34. ^ "Mission to the Moon/Mindy′s Moon Bounce House - Ready Jet Go!". NHPBS. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  35. ^ Beeson, Charles (2016-11-28), Space Race, Timeless, Abigail Spencer, Matt Lanter, Malcolm Barrett, retrieved 2023-11-10
  36. ^ "Watch First Man | Prime Video". www.amazon.com. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  37. ^ Kenny, Glenn (February 27, 2019). "'Apollo 11' Review: The 1969 Moon Mission Still Has the Power to Thrill". The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  38. ^ Rubin, Rebecca (February 13, 2019). "'Apollo 11' Documentary Gets Exclusive Imax Release". Variety. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  39. ^ "'1969': The summer of the moon landing, Chappaquiddick, Charles Manson, Woodstock, Nixon, gay rights, Black Power movement". ABC News. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  40. ^ Hobbs, Jessica (2019-11-17), Moondust, The Crown, Olivia Colman, Tobias Menzies, Helena Bonham Carter, retrieved 2023-11-10
  41. ^ Karasz, Palko (2019-11-19). "'The Crown': The History Behind Season 3 on Netflix". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  42. ^ Foust, Jeff (9 July 2019). "Review: Chasing the Moon". Space News. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  43. ^ Travis, Ben (November 19, 2022). "Indiana Jones 5 Will Pit Indy Against Nazis Again, In 1969 – Exclusive". Empire. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  44. ^ Heller, Jason (July 20, 2019). "The Moon Landing Inspired Pink Floyd's Most Overlooked Song". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  45. ^ "Chapter IV | Humanity | Thomas Bergersen". Thomas Bergersen. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
  46. ^ Plait 2002, pp. 154–173
  47. ^ Neal-Jones, Nancy; Zubritsky, Elizabeth; Cole, Steve (September 6, 2011). Garner, Robert (ed.). "NASA Spacecraft Images Offer Sharper Views of Apollo Landing Sites". NASA. Goddard Release No. 11-058 (co-issued as NASA HQ Release No. 11-289). Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  48. ^ Robinson, Mark (July 27, 2012). "LRO slewed 19° down-Sun allowing the illuminated side of the still standing American flag to be captured at the Apollo 17 landing site. M113751661L" (Caption). LROC News System. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  49. ^ van Bakel, Rogier (September 1994). "The Wrong Stuff". Wired. Vol. 2, no. 9. New York: Condé Nast Publications. p. 5. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
  50. ^ Mikkelson, Barbara & David P. "Good luck, Mr Gorsky!" at Snopes.com: Urban Legends Reference Pages.
  51. ^ "Good Luck, Mr. Gorski".

Bibliography

  • Buckley, James (2019). Michael Collins: Discovering History's Heroes. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781534424807.
  • Cavallaro, Umberto (2018). The Race to the Moon Chronicled in Stamps, Postcards, and Postmarks: A Story of Puffery vs. the Pragmatic. Springer Praxis Books. Springer. ISBN 9783319921532.
  • Dixey, Marsha, ed. (2008). Heritage Auctions Space Exploration Auction Catalog #6007. Heritage Capital Corporation. ISBN 9781599672892.
  • "One Small Step for Man". Smithsonian: National Postal Museum.
  • "Moon Landing Stamps". Smithsonian: National Postal Museum.
  • Maksel, Rebecca (2014-04-16). "In 1969, One Nation Refused a Visit by the First Moonwalkers". Smithsonian.
  • "Irish moon landing stamp spells 'moon' wrong". BBC News. 2019-07-23.
  • Carter, Jamie (2019-03-21). "Buzz Aldrin Dominates Apollo 11 First Moon Landing Stamps But Can You Spot First Man Neil Armstrong?". Forbes.
  • Astronautics and Aeronautics. United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1971. NASA SP-4016.
  • Henry, Clarence Bernard (2013). Quincy Jones: His Life in Music. American Made Music. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781617038624.
  • Fournier, Isabelle (2014). "From "Space Oddity" to Canadian reality". In Weiss, Allan (ed.). The Canadian Fantastic in Focus: New Perspectives. McFarland. ISBN 9780786495924.
  • Hayward, Philip (2013). "Whimsical complexity: Music and Sound Design in The Clangers". In Donnelly, Kevin J.; Hayward, Philip (eds.). Music in Science Fiction Television: Tuned to the Future. Routledge. ISBN 9780415641074.
  • Llinares, Dario (2011). "Screening the "Wrong Stuff": Cinemativ re-inscriptions of idealised masculinity". The Astronaut: Cultural Mythology and Idealised Masculinity. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443831383.
This page was last edited on 29 December 2023, at 12:39
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