Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah

Muslims Unity Movement Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah

Malay name	Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah
Jawi name	اڠکتن ڤرڤادوان اومة
Leader	Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah
Founded	1990
Dissolved	1996
Preceded by	Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF) (jan 1957-1969) Harakah Keadilan Rakyat (HAK) (jan 1970-1990)
Succeeded by	Barisan Alternatif (BA)
Headquarters	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (PAS), (S46)& (KIMMA) Pasir Mas, Malaysia (BERJASA) Kota Bharu, Malaysia (HAMIM)
Membership (1998)	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Semangat 46 (S46) Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
Ideology	Islamism
Political position	Right wing to Far-right
International affiliation	-
Colors	Yellow, green
Website
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The Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU or Muslims Unity Movement) was an informal Malaysian political coalition. The now defunct political coalition was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46 or Semangat 46) after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal.^[1] jointly with Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) before 9th Malaysian General Election in 1990.^[2] KIMMA left the coalition before the 10th Malaysian General Election.

APU along with the Gagasan Rakyat opposition coalitions led by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah after failures in the 1990 and 1995 general elections, were subsequently formally disbanded in 1996 after Razaleigh decided to dissolve Semangat 46 to return and rejoin back UMNO.^[3]

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Component parties

Spirit of 46 Malay Party (Parti Melayu Semangat 46, S46)
Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia, BERJASA)
Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia, HAMIM)
Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (Kongres India Muslim Malaysia, KIMMA)

Elected representatives

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Seats contested	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader
1990	15 / 180	159	1,218,211	21.8%	14 seats; Opposition coalition	Fadzil Noor
1995	8 / 192	171	1,046,687	17.6%	2 seats; Opposition coalition	Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah

State election results

State election	State Legislative Assembly
State election	Perlis State Legislative Assembly	Kedah State Legislative Assembly	Kelantan State Legislative Assembly	Terengganu State Legislative Assembly	Penang State Legislative Assembly	Perak State Legislative Assembly	Pahang State Legislative Assembly	Selangor State Legislative Assembly	Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly	Malacca State Legislative Assembly	Johor State Legislative Assembly	Total won / Total contested

1990	0 / 14	1 / 28	39 / 39	10 / 32	0 / 33	0 / 46	1 / 33	1 / 42	0 / 28	0 / 20	1 / 36
1995	0 / 15	2 / 36	36 / 43	7 / 32	0 / 33	0 / 52	0 / 38	0 / 48	0 / 32	0 / 25	0 / 40

References

^ Wong Chin Huat (17 August 2007). "Splits in Umno and Opposition unity". The Sun. Retrieved 29 September 2021 – via Malaysian Bar.
^ "PAS harap pembangkang ulangi kerjasama Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah, Gagasan Rakyat – The Malaysian Insider". Archived from the original on 4 July 2015.
^ "S46-Dissolve: Parti Melayu Semangat '46 To Be Dissolved On Oct 6" (PDF). Bernama. 18 August 1996 – via Perdana Leadership Foundation Library.

Political parties in Malaysia

Parties represented in the Dewan Negara, Dewan Rakyat and/or State Assemblies

Pakatan Harapan (PH)	Democratic Action Party (DAP) People's Justice Party (PKR) National Trust Party (AMANAH) United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
Barisan Nasional (BN)	United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)	United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB) Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS) Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)	Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN) United Sabah Party (PBS) Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR) Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
Perikatan Nasional (PN)	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
Other parties	Heritage Party (WARISAN) Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA) Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM) Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM) Love Sabah Party (PCS) Independent

Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies

Friends of Barisan Nasional	Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP) Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) Love Malaysia Party (PCM) All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF) Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP) Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM) Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)* Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)	United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO) Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Plus (GRS+)	Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
Pakatan Harapan Plus (PH+)	Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA) Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
Gagasan Sejahtera (GS)	Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN) People's Alternative Party (PAP) Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
Other parties	Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG) Socialist Alternative (SA)* Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN) Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP) People's Welfare Party (KITA) Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA) Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN) Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS) Penang Front Party (PFP) Malaysian United Party (MUP) Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC) Sabah Nationality Party (PKS) Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN) Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN) Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS) Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS) Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU) Parti Damai Sabah (SPP) Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK) Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS) Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB) Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE) Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP) Malaysian National Party (PNM) Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM) Green Party of Malaysia (PHM) People First Party (URPARTI) Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA) Barisan Penyatuan Nasional Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI) Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS) Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR) Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S) Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)

Defunct parties and coalition

Defunct coalitions	All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA) Labour Front (LF) Socialist Front (SF) Alliance Party (AP) Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF) Barisan Sabah Kumpulan Maju (MAJU) Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) Gagasan Rakyat (GR) Barisan Alternatif (BA) Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
Defunct former parliamentary parties	Malayan Party (MP) Sarawak National Party (SNAP) Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS) Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS) Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) National Party (Negara) Labour Party of Malaya (Lab) National Convention Party (NCP) Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA) Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS) Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP) Semangat 46 (S46) United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) Sabah National Party (SANAP) Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA) People's Justice Front (AKAR) Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS) United Democratic Party (UDP) Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP) Muslim League of Malaya (ML) National Association of Perak (NAP) Radical Party (RADICAL) Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO) Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP) Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA) Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA) Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA) Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) Sabah Indian Congress (SIC) United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK) Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
Other defunct parties	Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) Malayan Communist Party (MCP) (Revolutionary Faction) (Marxist-Leninist) Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM) North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP) Selangor Labour Party (SLP) Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN) Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU) Social Democratic Party (SDP) Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP) Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN) Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA) Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP) Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT) United People's Party (1976) (UPP) United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO) Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR) United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA) Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR) Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS) Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU) Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA) Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU) Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH) Sabah Chinese Party (PCS) Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN) Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS) Sabah People's Party (PRS) Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM) United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA) Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP) Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP) Community Coalition Congress (CCC) Sabah People's Front (SPF) Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM) Human Rights Party (HRP) Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)

* denotes non-registered parties

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This page was last edited on 17 February 2024, at 17:49

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