To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

American Philosophical Society

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

American Philosophical Society Hall
Philosophical Hall, the headquarters of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia
Location104 S. Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Coordinates39°56′55.51″N 75°8′59.42″W / 39.9487528°N 75.1498389°W / 39.9487528; -75.1498389
Built1787
ArchitectSamuel Vaughan
Architectural styleGeorgian
Websitewww.amphilsoc.org
NRHP reference No.66000675[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJanuary 12, 1965
Designated NHLJanuary 12, 1965

The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach. It was founded by Benjamin Franklin and is considered the first learned society in the United States.

Philosophical Hall, the society's headquarters and a museum, is located just east of Independence Hall in Independence National Historical Park. In 1965, in recognition of the building's history, it was designated a National Historic Landmark.

The society has about 1,000 elected members. As of April 2020, 5,710 members had been inducted since its creation. Through research grants, published journals, the American Philosophical Society Museum, an extensive library, and regular meetings, the society supports a variety of disciplines in the humanities and the sciences.

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    902
    485
    380
    403
    8 924
  • Spring 2021 General Meeting: Michael McCormick, "The New Science of the Human Past"
  • Dinner with Ben Franklin: The Origins of the American Philosophical Society
  • American Philosophical Society Maps & Borders Conference, Panel 1: The Materiality of Maps
  • "Perspectives" discussion: "The Past, Present, and Future of Independent Research Libraries"
  • How Art Works: Psychological Approaches to Philosophical Questions

Transcription

History

Benjamin Franklin in 1746
Library Hall in 2024
Thomas Jefferson Garden adjacent to Library Hall
Franklin Hall at the American Philosophical Hall, named for Benjamin Franklin, the organization's founder

The American Philosophical Society was founded as the Philosophical Society, in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin, James Alexander, Francis Hopkinson, John Bartram, Philip Syng Jr., and others[2][3] as an offshoot of an earlier club, the Junto.

Early members included: Benjamin Franklin, John Dickinson, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson,[4] Alexander Hamilton, James McHenry, Thomas Paine, David Rittenhouse, Peter Stephen Du Ponceau, Nicholas Biddle, Owen Biddle, Benjamin Rush, James Madison, Michael Hillegas, John Marshall, Charles Pettit, and John Andrews.

It was common at the time for intellectual societies to invite members from around the world, where the society recruited members from other countries, including Alexander von Humboldt, the Marquis de Lafayette, Baron von Steuben, Tadeusz Kościuszko, and Princess Dashkova. The society lapsed into inactivity by 1746, but was revived in 1767.

On January 2, 1769, the society united with the American Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge under the name American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. Franklin was elected the first president.[5] During this time, the society maintained a standing Committee on American Improvements; one of its investigations was to study the prospects for a canal to connect the Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware River.[6] The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, which had been proposed by Thomas Gilpin, Sr., was built in the 1820s.[7]

Following the American Revolutionary War, the society looked for leadership to Francis Hopkinson, one of the signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence. Under his influence, the society received land from the government of Pennsylvania, along with a plot of land in Philadelphia, where Philosophical Hall now stands.

Charles Darwin, Robert Frost, Louis Pasteur, Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, John James Audubon, Linus Pauling, Margaret Mead, Maria Mitchell, and Thomas Edison were all prominent members of the society.

Many members of the Society of the Cincinnati were among the APS's first board members and contributors; the APS and SOC still maintain an informal, collegial relationship.

Membership

Membership of the APS "honors extraordinary accomplishments in all fields." It has about 1,000 elected members, comprising about 840 "resident" members (United States citizens or those working or living in the United States) and about 160 "international" members. As of April 2020 it had elected 5,710 members since its foundation.[8]

Over that history, 208 members have been from Harvard University, 115 from Princeton University, 88 from Stanford University, and 84 from the University of California, Berkeley. Ten academic institutions have each been affiliated with 50 or more members:[9]

Institution Members (1743–2021)
Harvard 208
Princeton 115
Stanford 88
Berkeley 84
Columbia 73
Chicago 68
Penn 64
Yale 59
MIT 57
NYU 53

Awards

In 1786, the society established the Magellanic Premium, a prize for achievement in "navigation, astronomy, or natural philosophy," the oldest scientific prize awarded by an American institution, which it still awards. Other awards include the Barzun Prize for cultural history, the Judson Daland Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Investigation, the Benjamin Franklin Medal, the Lashley Award for neurobiology, the Lewis Award, and the Thomas Jefferson Medal for distinguished achievement in the arts, humanities, or social sciences.

Publications

The society has published the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society since 1771. Five issues appear each year. The Proceedings have appeared since 1838; they publish the papers delivered at the society's biannual meetings. The society has also published The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Henry, William Penn, and Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Jane Aitken bound 400 volumes for the society.[10]

The society also has an expansive archive on framer of the U.S. constitution John Dickinson.[11]

APS has a collection of indigenous language documents from around the United States including the ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society)[12] recordings of the Odawa language from northern Michigan. APS has created a guide[13] to help provide broad coverage of the Native American and Indigenous archival collections at the Library & Museum of the American Philosophical Society. These materials date from 1553 to 2020 and include manuscript, audio, and visual materials relating to Indigenous peoples throughout the Americas.

The society also has a collection of manuscripts on the history of the British colonies, Revolutionary War, the history of American science, quantum physics, Charles Darwin and evolution, genetics and the history of technology.[14]

Buildings

National Historic Landmark Plaque

Philosophical Hall

Philosophical Hall, at 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, immediately south of Old City Hall, was built in 1785–1789 to house the society and designed by Samuel Vaughan in the Federal style.[15][16] A third floor was added in 1890 to accommodate the expanding library, but was removed in 1948–1950,[16] when the building was restored to its original appearance for the creation of Independence National Historical Park.[17] In 2001, it was opened to the public as The American Philosophical Society Museum, hosting revolving, thematic exhibitions that explore intersections of history, art, and science. The museum features works of art, scientific instruments, original manuscripts, rare books, natural history specimens, and curiosities of all kinds from the APS's own collections, along with objects on loan from other institutions.[18]

Library Hall

Reading room for researchers at Library Hall in 2019

In 1789–90, the Library Company of Philadelphia (LCP) built its headquarters directly across 5th Street from APS. In 1884 LCP sold its building, which was demolished for the expansion of the Drexel & Company Building in 1887. This building was demolished in the mid-1950s, during the creation of Independence National Historical Park.

APS built a library on the site in 1958 and recreated the façade of the old LCP building.

Benjamin Franklin Hall

APS restored the former Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank building at 425–29 Chestnut Street, which was built in 1854–55 to the design of John M. Gries in the Italianate style,[19] to serve as a lecture hall. It is the site of meetings and most major events the society hosts.[20]

Richardson Hall

The Constance C. and Edgar P. Richardson Hall at 431 Chestnut Street, immediately west of Benjamin Franklin Hall, is the former Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities Building, which was built in 1871–1873 and designed by Addison Hutton.[21] It contains offices and the Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine.[20]

Gallery

Citations

  1. ^ "National Register Information System – (#66000675)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ Duer, William Alexander. The life of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling, Major-General in the Army of the United States during the Revolution New York: Wiley & Putnam for the New Jersey Historical Society, 1847. p.5
  3. ^ "Philip Syng, Jr." Archived September 28, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  4. ^ "American Philosophical Society selected records, 1784–1954". Archives of American Art. 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
  5. ^ New International Encyclopedia
  6. ^ Goodrich, Carter (1974). Government Promotion of American Canals and Railroads, 1800–1890. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-7773-1.
  7. ^ Kozel, Scott M. (2010). "Chesapeake and Delaware Canal (C & D Canal)". PENNWAYS: Roads to the Future. Scott M. Kozel. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  8. ^ "Elected Members". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  9. ^ "American Philosophical Society Member History". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  10. ^ James 1971, p. 26.
  11. ^ "John H. Powell Collection of John Dickinson Research". American Philosophical Society. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  12. ^ Languages, American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American. "American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society [ACLS Collection]: Franz Boas Collection of Materials for American Linguistics". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  13. ^ "Home | Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society". indigenousguide.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  14. ^ Smith, Murphy D. (December 1, 1989). "Manuscript Collecting at the American Philosophical Society: The First 101 Years". Journal of the History of Collections. 1 (2): 197–206. doi:10.1093/JHC/1.2.197.
  15. ^ Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004), Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture, ISBN 0962290815 p.160
  16. ^ a b Teitelman, Edward & Longstreth, Richard W. (1981), Architecture in Philadelphia: A Guide, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, ISBN 0262700212, p. 30
  17. ^ Richard Webster, Philadelphia Preserved (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976), p. 92.
  18. ^ "American Philosophical Society Museum: About". ARTINFO. 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004), Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture, ISBN 0962290815, pp. 55–56
  20. ^ a b "Directions" Archived 2013-06-04 at the Wayback Machine on the APS website
  21. ^ Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004), Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture, ISBN 0962290815, p.64

General and cited sources

External links

This page was last edited on 16 March 2024, at 11:27
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.