Count Alexander Philipp Konstantin Ludwig von Benckendorff (Russian: Александр Константинович Бенкендорф, Alexander Konstantinovich Benkendorf; 1 August 1849 – 11 January 1917) was a Russian diplomat, of Baltic German heritage, who served as ambassador to Denmark and the United Kingdom.
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Biography
He was born in 1849, the son of Count Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Maximilian von Benckendorff (22 October 1816, Berlin – 29 January 1858, Paris) and wife (20 June 1848, Potsdam) Princess Louise Constantine Nathalie Johanne von Croÿ-Dülmen (2 November 1825, Anholt – 8 January 1890, Meran), grandson of General Count Konstantin von Benckendorff and grandnephew of General Count Alexander von Benckendorff. He was also the second cousin of Archduchess Isabella of Teschen through his mother's family.
Alexander Konstantinovich was educated in France and Germany before entering the diplomatic service in 1869. He began as an attaché in Florence, and eventually served in Rome. He resigned in 1876 and lived nearly ten years on his estates, in St. Petersburg and abroad. Returning to diplomacy in 1886, he became First Secretary at the Embassy in Vienna, and from 1897 to 1903 he was the Ambassador to Denmark. The Copenhagen post gave him a vantage point for watching the principal moving powers of European politics since the matrimonial alliances of the Danish royal family occasionally brought together in a friendly family circle the widow of Alexander III, Nicholas II and the Prince of Wales who was to become King Edward VII. In this way, Count Benckendorff received his initiation into the spirit of an Anglo-Russian rapprochement even before it actually resulted in an entente.
From January 1903[1] until his death in 1917, he was the Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, the chief Russian diplomat in the United Kingdom. His major achievement was to organize the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907, which solidified relations between the two nations and helped create the Triple Entente, which, unlike the Triple Alliance or the Franco-Russian Alliance itself, was not an alliance of mutual defense. This broad diplomatic alignment would later form the Allied Powers of the First World War. He also formally proposed the agenda for the Second Hague Conference of 1907.[2]
Death
Alexander von Benckendorff died on 11 January 1917 from influenza[3][4] and was buried in Westminster Cathedral, where he had worshipped weekly. Benckendorff was a convert to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism.[5]
Family
Alexander married on 16 October 1879 in St. Petersburg Countess Sophie Shuvalova (16 October 1857, St. Petersburg – 28 May 1928, Ipswich), granddaughter of Lev Naryshkin and Olga Potocka. They had three children:
- Count Constantine Alexandrovich (15 September 1880 – 25 September 1959); married in 1922 to Maria Korchinska, had issue.
- Count Peter Alexandrovich (19 January 1882 – 27 May 1915); married in 1909 to Elena Naryshkina, no issue.
- Countess Nathalie Louise Alexandrovna (20 May 1886 – 14 March 1968); married in 1911 to Hon. Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley, had issue.
Alexander's daughter Nathalie married Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley, and they had five children. Their son Jasper Maurice Alexander Ridley (20 April 1913, London – 13 December 1943, Killed in Italy) married Helen Laura Cressida Bonham Carter (22 April 1917, London – 10 June 1998, Salisbury), the granddaughter of former British Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith. Jasper Maurice was also the father of economist Adam Ridley.[6]
The eldest son Constantine married harpist Maria Korchinska.[7] A younger son Peter was killed in one of the first battles of World War I on the East Prussian front.
Honours and awards
Russian
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds "for ex-zealous service."
- Order of the White Eagle
- Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd and 3rd classes
- Order of St. Anna, 1st degree
- Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree
Foreign
United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 18 November 1907[8]
Ancestry
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References
- Obituary: p. 153-4, The Annual Register: a review of public events at home and abroad, for the year 1917. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1918.
- Vinogradoff, Paul (1922). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
- Sources
- ^ "No. 27518". The London Gazette. 23 January 1903. p. 465.
- ^ A Pearce Higgins, "The Hague Peace Conferences", (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1999), pp. 53–5.
- ^ "The lamplighters of London". Embassy Network. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ Oxford, John S.; Gill, Douglas (23 May 2019). "A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 15 (9): 2009–2012. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1607711. ISSN 2164-5515. PMC 6773402. PMID 31121112.
- ^ Mark Langham (14 December 2007). "Solomon, I Have Surpassed Thee: The Russian in the Crypt". Westminstercathedral.blogspot.com.br. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ^ Charles Mosley, ed., Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, vol. 1 (Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage, 1999), p. 30
- ^ "Obituary: Nathalie Brooke, a leading figure in the preservation of Venice". www.theartnewspaper.com. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ^ The London Gazette, issue 28082, p. 7895
Further reading
- Lundy, Darryl (20 June 2005). "Alexander Graf von Benckendorff". peerage.com. p. 9760 §97593.
- "DNB, Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek" (in German). Portal.dnb.de. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140222234049/http://www.idref.fr/081025262
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This page was last edited on 12 February 2024, at 13:21