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Adrenal ferredoxin (also adrenodoxin (ADX), adrenodoxin, mitochondrial, hepatoredoxin, ferredoxin-1 (FDX1)) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FDX1gene.[5][6] In addition to the expressed gene at this chromosomal locus (11q22), there are pseudogenes located on chromosomes 20 and 21.
Function
Adrenodoxin is a small iron-sulfur protein that can accept and carry a single electron. Adrenodoxin functions as an electron transfer protein in the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 systems.[7] The first enzyme in this system is adrenodoxin reductase that carries an FAD. FAD can be reduced by two electrons donated from coenzyme NADPH.[8] These two electrons are transferred one a time to adrenodoxin. Adrenodoxin in return reduces mitochondrial cytochrome P450.[7] This particular oxidation/reduction system is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones in steroidogenic tissues. In addition, similar systems also function in vitamin D and bile acid synthesis in the kidney and liver respectively. Adrenodoxin has been identified in a number of different tissues but all forms have been shown to be identical and are not tissue specific.[6]
Sparkes RS, Klisak I, Miller WL (1991). "Regional mapping of genes encoding human steroidogenic enzymes: P450scc to 15q23-q24, adrenodoxin to 11q22; adrenodoxin reductase to 17q24-q25; and P450c17 to 10q24-q25". DNA Cell Biol. 10 (5): 359–65. doi:10.1089/dna.1991.10.359. PMID1863359.
Skjeldal L, Markley JL, Coghlan VM, Vickery LE (1991). "1H NMR spectra of vertebrate [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins. Hyperfine resonances suggest different electron delocalization patterns from plant ferredoxins". Biochemistry. 30 (37): 9078–83. doi:10.1021/bi00101a024. PMID1909889.
Chang CY, Wu DA, Mohandas TK, Chung BC (1990). "Structure, sequence, chromosomal location, and evolution of the human ferredoxin gene family". DNA Cell Biol. 9 (3): 205–12. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.205. PMID2340092.
Chang CY, Wu DA, Lai CC, et al. (1989). "Cloning and structure of the human adrenodoxin gene". DNA. 7 (9): 609–15. doi:10.1089/dna.1988.7.609. PMID3229285.
Voutilainen R, Picado-Leonard J, DiBlasio AM, Miller WL (1988). "Hormonal and developmental regulation of adrenodoxin messenger ribonucleic acid in steroidogenic tissues". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 66 (2): 383–8. doi:10.1210/jcem-66-2-383. PMID3339111.
Martsev SP, Chashchin VL, Akhrem AA[in Belarusian] (1985). "[Reconstruction and study of a multi-enzyme system by 11 beta-hydroxylase steroids]". Biokhimiia. 50 (2): 243–57. PMID3872685.
Johnson D, Norman S, Tuckey RC, Martin LL (2004). "Electrochemical behaviour of human adrenodoxin on a pyrolytic graphite electrode". Bioelectrochemistry. 59 (1–2): 41–7. doi:10.1016/s1567-5394(02)00188-3. PMID12699818.
Araya Z, Hosseinpour F, Bodin K, Wikvall K (2003). "Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by microsomal and mitochondrial vitamin D3 25-hydroxylases (CYP2D25 and CYP27A1): a novel reaction by CYP27A1". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1632 (1–3): 40–7. doi:10.1016/S1388-1981(03)00062-3. PMID12782149.
Derouet-Hümbert E, Roemer K, Bureik M (2005). "Adrenodoxin (Adx) and CYP11A1 (P450scc) induce apoptosis by the generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria". Biol. Chem. 386 (5): 453–61. doi:10.1515/BC.2005.054. PMID15927889. S2CID37533711.
This page was last edited on 24 January 2024, at 12:22