The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue. Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.[1] The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994.[2] Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered.[3]
Members include:
- Leptin
- Adiponectin
- Apelin[4]
- chemerin[5]
- interleukin-6 (IL-6)[6]
- monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)[7]
- plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
- retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)[8]
- visfatin
- omentin
- vaspin (SERPINA12)
- progranulin
- CTRP-4
Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated with excessive body weight.[9]
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Leptin, Adiponectin ,resistin(-adipocyte hormones)
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Adipose Tissue Macrophages: How They Cause Inflammation and Disease
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Insulin Resistance part 3: DAG/PKC Signalling and Role of Cytokines (Adipokines) - Diabetes Mellitus
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Is the relationship between adiponectin and HDL mediated by the adipokine's effect on the liver?
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Science of Obesity - How Fat Cells Release Harmful Chemicals (Pt III)
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See also
Notes
- ^ Mancuso P (May 2016). "The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation". ImmunoTargets and Therapy. 5 (2016): 47–56. doi:10.2147/ITT.S73223. PMC 4970637. PMID 27529061.
- ^ Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez R, López V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O (2011). "Adipokines: BioFactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity". BioFactors. 37 (6): 413–420. doi:10.1002/biof.185. PMID 22038756.
- ^ Lehr S, Hartwig S, Sell H (2012). "Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders". Proteomics: Clinical Applications. 6 (1–2): 91–101. doi:10.1002/prca.201100052. PMID 22213627. S2CID 19427071.
- ^ Guo L, Li Q, Wang W, Yu P, Pan H, Li P, Sun Y, Zhang J. Endocr Res. 2009; 34(4):142–154.
- ^ MacDougald1, Ormond A. and Burant, Charles F. (September 2007) "The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines" Cell Metabolism 6: pp. 159–161
- ^ Monzillo, Lais U. (2003) "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance" Obesity Research 11(9): pp. 1048–1054
- ^ Christiansen T., Richelsen B., and Bruun J.M. (2005) "Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects" International Journal of Obesity 29: pp. 146–150
- ^ Sethi JK, Hotamisligil GS (2021). "Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor". Nature Metabolism. 3 (10): 1302–1312. doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z. PMID 34650277. S2CID 238991468.
- ^ Sharabiani, MT; Vermeulen R; Scoccianti C; Hosnijeh FS; Minelli L; Sacerdote C; Palli D; Krogh V; Tumino R; Chiodini P; Panico S; Vineis P. (May 2011). "Immunologic profile of excessive body weight". Biomarkers. 16 (3): 243–251. doi:10.3109/1354750X.2010.547948. PMID 21506696. S2CID 36127785.
External links
- Adipokines at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This page was last edited on 14 February 2024, at 19:14