| Spiny mouse Temporal range: Early Pliocene – Recent
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Eastern spiny mouse (Acomys dimidiatus) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Subfamily: | Deomyinae |
| Genus: | Acomys I. Geoffroy, 1838 |
| Type species | |
| Mus cahirinus | |
| Species | |
|
21, see text | |
The term spiny mouse refers to any species of rodent within the genus Acomys.[1] Similar in appearance to mice of the genus Mus, spiny mice are small mammals with bare tails which contain osteoderms, a rare feature in mammals.[2] Their coats are endowed with unusually stiff guard hairs similar to the spines of a hedgehog; this trait is the source of the common name, spiny mouse.
Despite their anatomic similarity to members of the genus Mus, genetic evidence suggests that the African spiny mice may be more closely related to gerbils than to common mice.[3]
YouTube Encyclopedic
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1/2Views:27 346344
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Regeneration Bonus: Ashley Seifert
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D133 - Spiny Mouse - RJ, SR, JD, AR
Transcription
Narrator: Five years ago, biologist Ashley Seifert began to look at a remarkable species: African spiny mice. Ashley Seifert: what's sort of phenomenal is that they're able to regenerate complex tissue structures. So they can regenerate pieces of their skin that includes hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which are associated with the underlying dermis, the structural component, which gives it strength. And then in the ears, amazingly, they can regenerate cartilage. If you talk to an orthopedic surgeon he'll tell you that would be a huge advance if we could figure out how to regenerate cartilage in a mammal since we don't have any way to do that right now. In our spiny mice we punch a hole through the ear here and then we use that as our model to watch regeneration. We reconstruct that process through these pictures of the tissue as it regenerates. Narrator: Seifert's research is taking him and postdoctoral scholar Tom Gawriluk to Kenya for the summer. They will divide their time between trapping spiny mice in the wild and working with colleagues from the University of Georgia and University of Nairobi. Ashley Seifert: I was funded by NSF and the International Office of Science and Engineering...to go back and explore this hypothesis that... there's a bias in regenerators towards innate immunity and innate immune responses, where animals that can't regenerate tend to have a bias towards adaptive immunity and pro-inflammatory molecules. Tom Gawriluk: what we are expecting is that because the spiny mouse can heal its skin fully, is that they have a very robust innate immunity because we know that at least in other mammals, adaptive immunity...inhibits healing and it causes more scar formation....Hopefully this is going to give broader impact in terms of skin healing just in general for mammals to be able to heal a little bit better after we get cut or burned or something like that. Ashley Seifert: We also try to think about that in a ... clinical regenerative medicine context. So how can some of these discoveries or advances that we make potentially inform our development of new therapies to help humans.
Classification
Genus Acomys – spiny mice
- Western Saharan spiny mouse, Acomys airensis
- Cairo spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus
- Chudeau's spiny mouse, Acomys chudeaui
- Asia Minor spiny mouse, Acomys cilicicus
- Gray spiny mouse, Acomys cineraceus
- Eastern spiny mouse, Acomys dimidiatus
- Fiery spiny mouse, Acomys ignitus
- Johan's spiny mouse, Acomys johannis
- Kemp's spiny mouse, Acomys kempi
- Louise's spiny mouse, Acomys louisae
- Crete spiny mouse, Acomys minous
- Mullah spiny mouse, Acomys mullah
- Muze spiny mouse, Acomys muzei
- Cyprus spiny mouse, Acomys nesiotes
- Nguru spiny mouse, Acomys ngurui
- Percival's spiny mouse, Acomys percivali
- Golden spiny mouse, Acomys russatus
- Seurat's spiny mouse, Acomys seurati
- Southern African spiny mouse, Acomys spinosissimus
- Cape spiny mouse, Acomys subspinosus
- Wilson's spiny mouse, Acomys wilsoni
As exotic pets
Though African spiny mice originated in the deserts of Africa, they are frequently kept as exotic pets in other parts of the world, particularly Western nations such as the United States. In the pet trade, they are most commonly referred to as Egyptian spiny mice or, more simply, spiny mice. Though these animals are similar to pet mice and rats, the tail of a spiny mouse is much more delicate. Therefore, the spiny mouse should never be picked up by its tail and should be handled with care to avoid a degloving injury. Their diet is also rather hard to maintain because their bodies have odd reactions to certain foods.
Housing
Due to their desert origin, spiny mice thrive at hot temperatures and should be maintained around 27 °C (81 °F). These animals are very social and should always be housed in groups when possible. As spiny mice are prone to obesity, it is important to provide ample space and environmental enrichment to encourage exercise.
Reproduction
Gestation length is between 38 and 42 days. Litters normally consist of 2 to 3 pups, but females may have up to 6 pups in a single litter. Other females within the social group may assist in the birthing process and tend to the newborns. Pups are born with their eyes open; they will begin to leave the nesting area at about 3 days of age. Babies are weaned around 5 to 6 weeks and reach sexual maturity at about 6 to 9 weeks. A female can conceive throughout the year and may produce up to 9 litters in a year. Lifespan for spiny mice is 4 to 7 years. The mother is able to become pregnant right after birth.[4][5]
One species of spiny mouse, the Cairo spiny mouse (A. cahirinus), was discovered to have a menstrual cycle, which would make them important as a model organism to study menstruation and reproductive disorders, as Mus musculus, the common laboratory mouse, does not menstruate.[6]
Diabetes
Captive housing of spiny mice in the mid-1960s uncovered their sensitivity to developing diabetes.[7] That is, spiny mice were kept as pets and maintained on bird food consisting of fat-rich pumpkin, sesame, and sunflower seeds. This diet was associated with obesity, glucosuria, and ketosis. Further studies, in the Institute of Biochemistry in Geneva, revealed that spiny mice manifest low insulin secretion capacity, low response to glucose, and faint first-phase insulin release, despite pancreatic islet hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Notably, they do not show the common symptom of insulin resistance. A. russatus is not known to develop symptoms of diabetes under a similar diet.
Autotomy and tissue regeneration
All studied species of spiny mice, Acomys kempi, A. percivali, A. cahirinus, A. dimidiatus, and A. russatus, are capable of autotomic release of skin upon being captured by a predator. To date, spiny mice are the only mammals known to do so.[8] They can completely regenerate the automatically released or otherwise damaged skin tissue – regrowing hair follicles, skin, sweat glands, fur and cartilage with little or no scarring. It is believed that the corresponding regeneration genes could also function in humans.[9]
In a research article published on May 16, 2017, in eLife, a team from the University of Kentucky described the role of macrophages in epimorphic regeneration.[10] The subtype of macrophages found in African spiny mice produces a different immune response than the subtype that elicits scarring.
Disease
Because spiny mice are highly prevalent throughout Africa and rodents are known to be carriers of disease, an investigation into whether spiny mice may carry disease was done in Egypt in 1912.[11] In this investigation it was determined that Acomys harbored only a tenth of the number of fleas that wild rats do and is thus of little importance of spreading disease.
References
- ^ Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "Genus Acomys". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1194–1201. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Maden, Malcolm; Polvadore, Trey; Polanco, Arod; Barbazuk, W. Brad; Stanley, Edward (2023-05-24). "Osteoderms in a mammal the spiny mouse Acomys and the independent evolution of dermal armor". iScience. 26 (6). Bibcode:2023iSci...26j6779M. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106779. PMC 10291248. PMID 37378333.
- ^ Steppan, S.; Adkins, R.; Anderson, J. (2004). "Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes". Systematic Biology. 53 (4): 533–553. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. PMID 15371245.
- ^ "The Bristol Zoo". Archived from the original on 2006-12-06. Retrieved 2006-12-11.
- ^ The Oregon Zoo
- ^ Bellofiore, N.; et al. (January 1, 2017). "First evidence of a menstruating rodent: the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus)". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 216 (1): 40.e1–40.e11. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.041. PMID 27503621. S2CID 88779. originally published with the same authors as Bellofiore, N.; Ellery, S.; Mamrot, J.; Walker, D.; Temple-Smith, P.; Dickinson, H. (June 3, 2016). "First evidence of a menstruating rodent: the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus)". bioRxiv. 216 (1): 40.e1–40.e11. doi:10.1101/056895. PMID 27503621.
- ^ Shafrir, Eleazar; Ziv, Ehud; Kalman, Rony (2006). "Nutritionally Induced Diabetes in Desert Rodents as Models of Type 2 Diabetes: Acomys cahirinus (Spiny Mice) and Psammomys obesus (Desert Gerbil)". ILAR Journal. 47 (3): 212–24. doi:10.1093/ilar.47.3.212. PMID 16804196.
- ^ Seifert, A. W.; Kiama, S. G.; Seifert, M. G.; Goheen, J. R.; Palmer, T. M.; Maden, M. (2012). "Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys)". Nature. 489 (7417): 561–565. Bibcode:2012Natur.489..561S. doi:10.1038/nature11499. PMC 3480082. PMID 23018966.
- ^ Cormier, Zoe (2012-09-26). "African spiny mice can regrow lost skin". Nature. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ Simkin, Jennifer; Gawriluk, Thomas R; Gensel, John C; Seifert, Ashley W (2017-05-16). "Macrophages are necessary for epimorphic regeneration in African spiny mice". eLife. 6. doi:10.7554/eLife.24623. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5433844. PMID 28508748.
- ^ Petrie, G.F.; Todd, Ronald E.; Skander, Riad; Hilmy, Fouad (1924). "A report on plague investigations in Egypt". The Journal of Hygiene. 23 (2): 117–50. doi:10.1017/s0022172400008548. PMC 2167619. PMID 20474833.
- VERHEYEN, W.; HULSELMANS, J.; WENDELEN, W.; LEIRS, H.; CORTI, M.; BACKELJAU, T.; VERHEYEN, E. (2011). "Contribution to the systematics and zoogeography of the East-African Acomys spinosissimus Peters 1852 species complex and the description of two new species (Rodentia: Muridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3059: 1–35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3059.1.1.
External links
- ARKive – images and movies of the Asia Minor spiny mouse (Acomys cilicius)
- List of Rodent/Lagomorph Scientific Names – Includes several species of African spiny mouse
This page was last edited on 17 October 2023, at 11:24