42nd Street | |
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Directed by | Lloyd Bacon |
Screenplay by |
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Based on | 42nd Street by Bradford Ropes |
Produced by | Darryl F. Zanuck |
Starring | |
Cinematography | Sol Polito |
Edited by |
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Music by |
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Production company | |
Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
Release dates |
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Running time | 89 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $439,000[2][3] |
Box office | $2.3 million[4][5][3] |
42nd Street is a 1933 American pre-Code musical film directed by Lloyd Bacon, with songs by Harry Warren (music) and Al Dubin (lyrics). The film's numbers were staged and choreographed by Busby Berkeley. It starred an ensemble cast of Warner Baxter, Bebe Daniels, George Brent, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, and Ginger Rogers.
Adapted from the 1932 novel of the same name by Bradford Ropes, the film's screenplay was written by Rian James and James Seymour, with uncredited contributions by Whitney Bolton. The story revolved around the cast and crew rehearsing for a Broadway show at the height of the Great Depression.
42nd Street was one of the most successful motion pictures of 1933, earning almost $1.5 million at the box office. At the 6th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for Best Picture.
In 1998, 42nd Street was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
In 2006, the film was ranked number 13 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest musicals of all time.
A stage adaption made its Broadway debut in 1980, winning two Tony Awards, including Best Musical.
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Transcription
Plot
It is 1932, the depths of the Great Depression, and noted Broadway producers Jones and Barry are putting on Pretty Lady, a musical starring Dorothy Brock. She is involved with wealthy Abner Dillon, the show's "angel" (financial backer), but while she is busy keeping him both hooked and at arm's length, she is secretly seeing her old vaudeville partner, out-of-work Pat Denning.
Julian Marsh is hired to direct, although his doctor warns that he risks his life if he continues in his high-pressure profession. Despite a long string of successes, he's impoverished, a result of the 1929 Stock Market Crash, so he must make his last show a hit, in order to have enough money to retire.
Cast selection and rehearsals begin amidst fierce competition, with not a few "casting couch" innuendos flying around. Naïve newcomer Peggy Sawyer, who arrives in New York from her home in Allentown, Pennsylvania, is duped and ignored until two experienced chorines, Lorraine Fleming and Ann "Anytime Annie" Lowell, take her under their wing. Lorraine is assured a job because of her relationship with dance director Andy Lee; she also sees to it that Ann and Peggy are chosen. The show's juvenile lead, Billy Lawler, takes an immediate liking to Peggy (after her being tricked into bursting into his dressing room), as does Pat.
When Marsh learns about Dorothy's relationship with Pat, he sends some thugs led by his gangster friend Slim Murphy to rough him up. That, plus her realization that their situation is unhealthy, makes Dorothy and Pat agree not to see each other for a while. He gets a stock job in Philadelphia.
Rehearsals continue for five weeks, to Marsh's complete dissatisfaction, until the night before the show's surprise opening in Philadelphia, when Dorothy breaks her ankle. By the next morning, Abner has quarreled with her and wants Marsh to replace her with his new girlfriend, Annie. Annie confesses in earnest that she can't carry the show, but convinces the director that the inexperienced Peggy can. With 200 jobs and his future riding on the outcome, a desperate Julian rehearses Peggy mercilessly until an hour before the premiere, vowing "I'll either have a live leading lady or a dead chorus girl."
Billy finally gets up the nerve to tell Peggy he loves her. They embrace and kiss, just as Dorothy shows up and walks through the door. Surprisingly, she wishes Peggy the best of luck and reveals that she and Pat are finally getting married. The show goes on to rousing applause. The last twenty minutes of the film are devoted to three Busby Berkeley production numbers: "Shuffle Off to Buffalo", "(I'm) Young and Healthy", and "42nd Street".
The show is a hit. As the theater audience comes out, Julian stands in the shadows outside the stage door, hearing comments that Peggy is the star and that he, the director, doesn't deserve the credit for the show's success.[6]
Cast
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Uncredited:
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- Source:[1] except where noted
Production
The film was Ruby Keeler's first, and the first time that Berkeley, Warren and Dubin had worked for Warner Bros. Director Lloyd Bacon was not the first choice to direct – he replaced Mervyn LeRoy when LeRoy became ill. LeRoy was dating Ginger Rogers at the time, and had suggested to her that she take the role of "Anytime Annie".[8]
Actors who were considered for lead roles when the film was being cast include Warren William and Richard Barthelmess for the role of Julian Marsh, eventually played by Warner Baxter; Kay Francis and Ruth Chatterton instead of Bebe Daniels for the role of Dorothy Brock; Loretta Young as Peggy Sawyer instead of Ruby Keeler; Joan Blondell instead of Ginger Rogers for Anytime Annie; Glenda Farrell for the role of Lorraine, played by Una Merkel, and Frank McHugh instead of the diminutive George E. Stone as Andy, the dance director.
The film began production on October 5, 1932. The shooting schedule ran for 28 days at the Warner Bros. studio in Burbank, California. The total cost of making it has been estimated to be $340,000–$439,000.[9][10]
Musical numbers
All songs have music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Al Dubin.[11] The numbers were choreographed and directed by Busby Berkeley.
- "You're Getting to Be a Habit with Me" – sung by Bebe Daniels
- "It Must Be June" – sung by Bebe Daniels, Dick Powell and the chorus
- "Shuffle Off to Buffalo" – sung and danced by Ruby Keeler and Clarence Nordstrom, with Ginger Rogers, Una Merkel and the chorus
- "Young and Healthy" – sung by Dick Powell to Toby Wing and the chorus
- "42nd Street" – sung and danced by Ruby Keeler, and sung by Dick Powell
The "Love Theme", written by Harry Warren, is played under scenes between Ruby Keeler and Dick Powell, and Bebe Daniels and George Brent. It has no title or lyrics, and is unpublished.
The music playing during dance rehearsals and the opening of the show is an instrumental piano piece that Harry Warren wrote, titled "Pretty Lady", the name of the show that's being produced in the film.
A special patter with different music was written for the song "Forty-Second Street" and the production number of same, with music by Warren and lyrics by Dubin. It was cut for unknown reasons from the finished film, but an unpublished manuscript of this still exists.[citation needed]
Reception
The film premiered in New York on March 9, 1933, at the Strand Theatre, and went into general release two days later, becoming one of the most profitable films of the year, bringing in an estimated gross of $2,300,000, equal to $54,135,733 today. According to Warner Bros. records, the film earned $1,438,000 domestically and $843,000 abroad.[3] It received Oscar nominations for Best Picture and Best Sound Recording, and was named one of the 10 Best Films of 1933 by Film Daily.[8][12][13]
Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times called the film "invariably entertaining" and, "The liveliest and one of the most tuneful screen musical comedies that has come out of Hollywood".[14]
The New York World-Telegram described it as "A sprightly entertainment, combining, as it did, a plausible enough story of back-stage life, some excellent musical numbers and dance routines and a cast of players that are considerably above the average found in screen musicals."[15]
"Every element is professional and convincing", wrote Variety. "It'll socko the screen musical fans with the same degree that Metro's pioneering screen musicals did."[16]
John Mosher of The New Yorker called it "a bright movie" with "as pretty a little fantasy of Broadway as you may hope to see", and praised Baxter's performance as "one of the best he has given us", though he described the plot as "the most conventional one to be found in such doings."[17]
42nd Street continued to win praise in the decades after its release.
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 96% rating based on 25 reviews. Its Critic Consensus reads: "Bubsy [sic] Berkeley does it again in 42nd Street, a brilliant depression-era romp with stellar musical numbers and impeccable choreography."[18]
Critic Pauline Kael wrote, "[It] gave life to the clichés that have kept parodists happy."[19]
On January 14, 2004, Dennis Schwartz observed: "The musical film was changed forever by this innovative one, while due to its tremendous box office appeal it not only saved Warner Brothers from bankruptcy but made it into a major studio. Busby Berkeley … created numbers tailored-made for this film that exceeded the previous conventional limits... One can't say enough good things about what Busby Berkeley did for the musical...The unneeded melodramatics get in the way of the musical numbers and the fun atmospheric backstage happenings. But when the music is blasting away, this becomes a magical picture and all is forgiven."[20]
On April 10, 2020, in The New Yorker, listing the best films to stream during the COVID-19 pandemic, Richard Brody observes: "Modern musicals start here, and Busby Berkeley's genius bursts into full flower."[21]
Stage adaptation
In 1980, the film was adapted into a stage musical by Harry Warren and Al Dubin. It featured additional songs by Warren and lyrics by Dublin and Johnny Mercer and a book by Michael Stewart and Mark Bramble. The original Broadway production directed and choreographed by Gower Champion (whose death on opening night was announced at the curtain call by producer David Merrick) won the Tony Award for Best Musical. Since then, it has been produced both regionally and professionally around the world. The score included all musical numbers from the film except "It Must Be June".
Awards and honors
Award | Date of
ceremony |
Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Academy Awards | March 16, 1934 | Best Picture | Lloyd Bacon | Nominated | [22] |
Best Sound | Nathan Levinson | Nominated |
American Film Institute recognition
- 2004 – AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
- "42nd Street", # 97
- 2005 – AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
- "Sawyer, you're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star!", # 87
- 2006 – AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – # 13
See also
- 42nd Street, the actual street in New York City
References
- ^ a b c 42nd Street at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
- ^ Sedgwick, John (October 25, 2000). Popular Filmgoing in 1930s Britain: A Choice of Pleasures. University of Exeter Press. ISBN 9780859896603 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c Warner Bros financial information in The William Shaefer Ledger. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, (1995) 15:sup1, 1-31 p 13 DOI: 10.1080/01439689508604551
- ^ Quigley Publishing Company "The All Time Best Sellers", International Motion Picture Almanac 1937-38 (1938) p 942, accessed April 19, 2014
- ^ "WHICH CINEMA FILMS HAVE EARNED THE MOST MONEY SINCE 1914?". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. March 4, 1944. p. 3 Supplement: The Argus Weekend Magazine. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ Green, Stanley (1999) Hollywood Musicals Year by Year (2nd ed.). Hal Leonard Corporation ISBN 0-634-00765-3 p.20
- ^ "1933, 42nd Street: Set Design , Cinema". theredlist.com.
- ^ a b TCM "42nd Street" (1933) Notes
- ^ IMDb Business Data for "42nd Street"
- ^ TCM "42nd Street" (1933) Overview
- ^ IMDb Soundtracks
- ^ IMDb Awards for "42nd Street" (1933)
- ^ AllMovieGuide 42nd Street Awards
- ^ Hall, Mordaunt (March 10, 1933). "Movie Review: 42nd Street". The New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
- ^ "New York Reviews". The Hollywood Reporter. Los Angeles. March 15, 1933. p. 2.
- ^ "42d Street". Variety. New York. March 14, 1933. p. 14.
- ^ Mosher, John (March 18, 1933). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. p. 62.
- ^ 42nd Street, retrieved November 11, 2021
- ^ Bianco, Anthony (2004). Ghosts of 42nd Street: A History of America's Most Infamous Block. New York: Harper Collins. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-688-17089-9.
- ^ "42ND STREET – Dennis Schwartz Reviews". August 5, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
- ^ "What to Stream: Eighty-Three of the Best Movies on Amazon Prime Right Now". The New Yorker. April 10, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ^ "The 6th Academy Awards (1934) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
Further reading
- James, Rian; Seymour, James (1980). Fumento, Rocco (ed.). 42nd Street. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0299081003. Screenplay and introduction.
External links
- 42nd Street at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
- 42nd Street at IMDb
- 42nd Street at the TCM Movie Database
- 42nd Street at AllMovie
- 42nd Street at Rotten Tomatoes