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2016 Manila local elections

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2016 Manila mayoral election

← 2013 May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09) 2019 →
 
Nominee Joseph Estrada Alfredo Lim Amado Bagatsing
Party PMP Liberal KABAKA
Running mate Honey Lacuna Benjamin Asilo Arnold Atienza
Popular vote 283,149 280,464 167,829
Percentage 38.54% 38.17% 22.84%


Mayor before election

Joseph Estrada
PMP

Elected Mayor

Joseph Estrada
PMP

Local elections were held in Manila on May 9, 2016, as a part of the 2016 Philippine general election. Voters elected candidates for mayor, vice mayor, six congressmen, and the 36 councilors that would be members of the city council. Incumbent mayor Joseph Estrada won the elections, securing him to serve his second three-year term as the mayor of Manila. He won by a slim margin at only more than 2,000 votes against his closest rival, former Manila mayor Alfredo Lim.[1][2] Dr. Maria Sheilah “Honey” Lacuna-Pangan, daughter of former Manila vice mayor Danny Lacuna, Estrada’s running-mate, topped the vice mayoral race with 268,969 votes.[3]

Background

Incumbent mayor and former president Joseph "Erap" Estrada was first elected as mayor in 2013. He defeated then-incumbent mayor Alfredo Lim in a closely contested election, winning 53% of the vote to Lim's 47%.

Estrada announced in April 2015 that he would be running for re-election. This was in total contrast to his May 9, 2012 pronouncement that he would only serve for one term should he be elected to the post back then, after which he would subsequently retire from politics.[4][5]

Unlike Estrada, his running mate in 2013, three-term incumbent vice mayor Isko Moreno was term-limited, as he had served for three consecutive terms. He instead ran for a seat in the Senate.

Sources indicated that although Manila leaders identified with Estrada under the local Asenso Manileño party, Moreno included, were pushing for former Manila vice mayor Danilo Lacuna to be his running mate, Estrada was said to have seriously considered his current city administrator, Jojo Alcovendaz, to be his vice mayoral candidate under his party, despite the latter's San Juan residence. However, the Estrada camp, upon further consultation, eventually chose former 4th district councilor and city social services head Honey Lacuna, Danilo's daughter, as his running mate.[6]

On July 22, 2015, incumbent 5th district representative Amado Bagatsing launched his bid to be the next mayor of the city once governed by his father, former mayor Ramon Bagatsing, offering himself as an alternative while blaming the city’s "deterioration" on the incumbent and his predecessor. His running mate was the son of former mayor and current Buhay Party-list Representative Lito Atienza, current 5th district councilor and 2007 mayoral candidate Ali Atienza.[7] On October 12, 2015, Bagatsing made his bid official by filing his certificate of candidacy.[8]

On October 13, 2015, Alfredo Lim filed to run again for his old post. He was the official candidate of the ruling Liberal Party. His running mate was incumbent 1st district Rep. Benjamin Asilo.[9]

Campaign

Joseph Estrada's (second from right) election campaign rally in Tondo, Manila along with Isko Moreno (left), Grace Poe (second from left)

The local campaign period started on March 26, 2016. Estrada, with running mate Honey Lacuna, held their proclamation rally at the Liwasang Bonifacio, while Lim, with running mate Benjamin Asilo started their campaign at Plaza Miranda, on March 28, 2016, two days after the official start of campaigning for local candidates.

During the incumbent mayor's rally, Estrada formally endorsed his goddaughter Grace Poe as his choice for president and Bongbong Marcos for vice president.[10] He picked Poe over his running mate Jejomar Binay of the United Nationalist Alliance. He said that the mayor's gratitude to the presidential candidate's father Fernando Poe, Jr., a candidate of the 2004 Philippine presidential election but later lost, as one of the reasons why he made the decision to endorse Poe.[11]

Among Estrada's senatorial candidates that he supported were Joel Villanueva, Panfilo Lacson, Manny Pacquiao, Martin Romualdez, Getulio Napeñas, Neri Javier Colmenares, Sherwin Gatchalian, Richard J. Gordon, Juan Miguel Zubiri, Sergio Osmeña III, Francis Tolentino and Isko Moreno, the incumbent vice mayor of the city.[10] Major roads in Manila including the McArthur Bridge were closed down due to the event.[12]

Lim's campaign started with his visit to the Islamic Center in Barangay San Miguel, together with Liberal Party's presidential bet Mar Roxas. The two then went to Plaza Miranda for the former mayor's proclamation rites, which was attended by 5,000 supporters.[13] Roxas' running mate Leni Robredo and President Benigno Aquino III also attended the rally.[14]

A day before the two rallies, Amado Bagatsing and his running mate Ali Atienza kicked-off their campaign at Tondo.

Mayoralty and vice mayoralty elections

Mayor

First-term incumbent and former president Joseph Estrada, who was elected with 53% of the vote in 2013, sought another term. Former senator and Manila mayor Alfredo Lim, who Estrada defeated in 2013, sought a rematch. Fifth District Representative Amado Bagatsing also ran.

Mayoralty race in Manila during 2016 general election
Manila Mayoralty Election
Party Candidate Votes %
PMP Joseph "Erap" Estrada 283,149 38.54
Liberal Alfredo Lim 280,464 38.18
KABAKA Amado Bagatsing 167,829 22.85
Independent Onofre Abad 717 0.09
Independent Valeriano Reloj 621 0.08
Independent Arnaldo "Dodos" Dela Cruz[15] 479 0.06
Independent Edmundo Fuerte 456 0.06
Independent Tranquilino Narca 275 0.03
Independent Wilfredo Yusi 223 0.03
WPP Francisco Pizzara 222 0.03
Independent Samuel Gabot 206 0.02
Total votes 734,613 100.00
PMP hold

Vice mayor

Three-term incumbent Francisco "Isko Moreno" Domagoso, who was re-elected with 63% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again for this post this election. His party's nominee was Maria Sheilah "Honey" Lacuna-Pangan. Facing her were three-term representatives Benjamin Asilo of the 1st district and Trisha Bonoan-David of the 4th district. Incumbent 5th District councilor and former 2007 mayoral candidate Ali Atienza also ran for the seat.

Manila Vice Mayoralty Election
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Maria Sheilah "Honey" Lacuna-Pangan 268,969 37.91
UNA Arnold Atienza 221,037 31.15
Liberal Benjamin Asilo 137,388 19.36
NUP Maria Theresa Bonoan-David 77,599 10.93
Independent Luis Reyes, Jr. 4,393 0.61
Total votes 709,386 100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

District representatives

1st district

The 1st district is composed of the western part of Tondo. Three-term Liberal Party incumbent Benjamin "Atong" Asilo, who was re-elected with 64% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and instead ran for vice mayor; his brother, incumbent councilor Roberto Asilo, was his party's nominee.

Also running for this district were incumbent three-term councilors Ian "Banzai" Nieva and Ernesto Dionisio, Jr as well as Manuel "Manny" Lopez. Nieva is the son of the late Ernesto "Banzai" Nieva, who represented this district from 1998 to 2007, while Lopez is the son of former Manila mayor Mel Lopez.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 1st District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
NPC Manuel Luis "Manny" Lopez 55,627 35.35
Liberal Roberto Asilo 43,640 27.73
Asenso Manileño Ernesto Dionisio, Jr. 42,878 27.25
Independent Erick Ian Nieva 15,223 9.67
Total votes 157,368 100.00
NPC gain from Liberal

2nd district

The city's 2nd district covers the eastern part of Tondo, a place known as Gagalangin. Carlo Lopez was the incumbent representative and had already served two terms. He won on the 2010 local elections and was re-elected with 69% of the vote in 2013. He ran for his third and final term under the Liberal Party. He ran unopposed because his supposed opponent, Councilor Numero "Uno" Lim, was nominated by the party-list group Tanggol Maralita Inc. (TAMA).

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 2nd District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Liberal Carlo Lopez 72,409 100.00
Total votes 72,409 100.00
Liberal hold

3rd district

The 3rd district is composed of Binondo, Quiapo, San Nicolas, and Santa Cruz. Zenaida "Naida" Angping, who was re-elected with 62% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again this election. Her party nominated her husband, former representative Harry Angping who represented this district from 1998 to 2004.

His opponents were three-term incumbent city councilor and actor John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto and former councilor Ramon Morales. Morales also ran in this district in 2013 and lost receiving only 36% of the vote.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 3rd District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto 46,353 44.93
Nacionalista Harry Angping 38,636 37.44
Liberal Ramon Morales 17,021 16.50
Independent Ricardo Lee 689 0.67
Independent Edgardo "Jojo" Ruiz 472 0.46
Total votes 103,183 100.00
Asenso Manileño gain from NPC

4th district

The 4th district is composed of Sampaloc. Ma. Theresa "Trisha" Bonoan-David, who ran unopposed in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again this election. Her party nominated her sister, Annie.

Other candidates for this district were six-term councilor Edward Maceda, two-term councilor Don Juan "DJ" Bagatsing, one-term councilor Science Reyes, and former Ateneo basketball player Jobe Nkemakolam.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 4th District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Edward Maceda 46,349 41.53
KABAKA Don Juan Bagatsing 23,807 21.28
Independent Science Reyes 23,650 21.25
NUP Rosemary "Annie" Leilani Bonoan 16,525 14.81
Independent Jobe Sherwin Nkemakolam 1,263 1.13
Total votes 111,594 100.00
Asenso Manileño gain from NUP

5th district

The 5th district is composed of Ermita, Malate, Paco (south), Intramuros, Port Area, and San Andres Bukid (including the Manila South Cemetery). Amado Bagatsing, who was re-elected with 89% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again this election and instead ran for mayor. His party's nominee was his daughter Cristal.

Her opponents were former representatives Joey Hizon and Mary Ann Susano as well as incumbent three-term councilor Josie Siscar. Joey Hizon represented this district from 1998 to 2007. Meanwhile, Mary Ann Susano represented Quezon City's 2nd congressional district from 2004 to 2010.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 5th District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
KABAKA Amanda Christina Bagatsing 48,380 37.40
PMP Joey Hizon 34,952 27.02
NPC Mary Ann Susano 27,083 20.93
Liberal Josefina Siscar 16,420 12.69
PDP–Laban Jupakar Arabani 1,882 1.45
WPP Mario Cayabyab 655 0.51
Total votes 129,372 100%
KABAKA hold

6th district

The 6th district is composed of Paco (north), Pandacan, Santa Ana, San Miguel, and Santa Mesa. Two-term incumbent Sandy Ocampo, who won re-election in 2013 with 51% of the vote, sought a third term. She was co-nominated by NUP and local party KABAKA while Benny Abante was also co-nominated by Asenso Manileño Party.

This is the third straight election in which the two candidates faced each other with Ocampo winning the first two by narrow margins.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 6th District of Manila
Party Candidate Votes %
Liberal Rosenda Ann "Sandy" Ocampo 56,844 53.41
Asenso Manileño Benny M. Abante 48,260 45.35
Independent Richard Bautista 695 0.65
Independent Jose Castillo 623 0.59
Total votes 106,422 100.00
Liberal hold

City council

PartyVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño1,611,97044.1124
Liberal Party539,79914.773
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran386,21810.571
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino274,6887.521
United Nationalist Alliance227,7036.233
Nationalist People's Coalition129,1123.530
Nacionalista Party62,1171.701
Ang Kapatiran56,4181.541
Aksyon Demokratiko43,2111.180
PDP–Laban28,9100.790
Lakas–CMD4,4930.120
Independent290,1067.942
Ex officio seats2
Total3,654,745100.0038

1st district

Incumbent councilors Dennis Alcoreza, Ernesto Dionisio Jr., and Erick Ian Nieva were term-limited and could not seek re-election. Meanwhile, councilors Irma Alfonso and Roberto Asilo, who were not term-limited, chose not to seek re-election. Of the six councilors representing this district, only Niño dela Cruz sought re-election.

Former councilors Rolando Sy, Jesus Fajardo Sr., Ernesto Dionisio Sr., Arlene Koa, Moises Lim, Martin Isidro Jr., and Abraham Cabochan each tried to regain a seat in the council.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 1st district
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Ernesto G. Dionisio, Sr. 87,218 10.40
Independent Moises "Bobby" Lim 68,448 8.16
Asenso Manileño Martin Isidro, Jr. 62,704 7.48
Asenso Manileño Jesus "Taga" Fajardo, Sr. 59,472 7.09
Liberal Niño dela Cruz 50,831 6.06
Liberal Peter Ong 50,480 6.02
PMP Diosdado "Boroboy" Santiago 46,428 5.54
Asenso Manileño Ava Cristina "Ava Alfonso" Juson 44,941 5.36
KABAKA Jose "Tito Joveth" Asayo 40,618 4.84
PMP Mina "Banzai" Nieva 37,227 4.44
KABAKA Rosalino Garcia 33,269 3.97
Liberal Rolando "Nagmamahal" Sy 32,356 3.86
KABAKA Arlene Koa 32,324 3.85
Independent Alexander Dionisio 30,852 3.68
KABAKA Edgardo Solis 22,694 2.70
Independent Randy Sy 21,024 2.50
KABAKA Victor "Toto" Baldisimo 20,995 2.50
Asenso Manileño Abraham "Baby" Cabochan 17,610 2.10
Liberal Jonas Arriza Humady 12,261 1.46
KABAKA Ligfinia "Teacher Beth" Lorenzo 9,863 1.17
Asenso Manileño Edna "Puti" Ramos 8,725 1.04
Liberal Jeniffer "Jade" Daquiz 8,712 1.03
PMP Michael "Mike/Nash" de Leon 6,680 0.79
Independent Francisca Villanueva 6,639 0.79
Liberal Rafael "Dok" Manicad 5,831 0.69
UNA Ferdinand Sandoval 5,465 0.65
Independent Jose Brendo Macapaz 5,131 0.61
Independent Juan Rafael "Raffy Jimenez" Crespo 2,872 0.34
Independent Cresenciano "Kuya Boy" Gabuten, Jr. 2,586 0.30
Independent Allan Navoa 1,977 0.23
PDP–Laban Eduardo Lanuza 1,747 0.20
Total votes 173,640 100.00

2nd District

Incumbent councilors Marlon Lacson and Numero Lim could not seek re-election. Councilors Ruben Buenaventura, Rodolfo Lacsamana, Ramon Robles, and Rolando Valeriano were all seeking another term.

Among those vying for a seat in the council were former councilors Edward Tan and Nelissa Beltran.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 2nd district
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Rolando "Rolan CRV" Valeriano 53,986 10.95
Asenso Manileño Ruben "Dr. J" Buenaventura 49,450 10.03
Asenso Manileño Ramon Robles 49,218 9.98
UNA Rodolfo "Ninong" Lacsamana 47,524 9.64
Asenso Manileño Edward Tan 47,156 9.56
Asenso Manileño Macky Lacson 38,570 7.82
NPC Darwin "Awi" Sia 36,418 7.38
Asenso Manileño Babyluck "Algebra" Lim 35,543 7.21
UNA Nelissa Beltran 31,828 6.45
NPC Nancy Valencia 26,258 5.32
NPC Fernando "Bok" Lopez 19,060 3.86
Liberal Ruben "RP" Bunag 14,618 2.96
Liberal JC "Brad Bolong" Sy 12,769 2.59
UNA Ariel Fernandez 7,354 1.49
Lakas Rommel Miranda 4,493 0.91
Independent Jules delos Reyes 3,486 0.70
Liberal Maria Corazon Panlilio 3,482 0.70
Liberal Michael "Tuts" Velasco 2,886 2.58
Independent Alex Lao 2,739 0.55
Independent Ned Ordenes 2,104 0.42
Independent Pedro Buluran, Jr. 2,033 0.41
Independent Pedro Garcia 1,913 0.38
Total votes 103,565 100.00

3rd District

Incumbent councilors Joel Chua, Ernesto Isip Jr., and John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto were term-limited and could not seek re-election. Meanwhile, councilors Bernardito Ang, Ma. Asuncion Fugoso, and Manuel Zarcal were all vying for another term.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 3rd district
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Maria Asuncion "Re" Fugoso 67,663 12.86
Asenso Manileño Bernardito Ang 54,269 10.32
Asenso Manileño Manuel "Letlet" Zarcal 51,252 9.74
UNA Maile Atienza 50,279 9.56
Asenso Manileño Grace Chua 46,183 8.78
Asenso Manileño Terrence Alibarbar 38,993 7.41
NPC Chris "Attorney CB" Beltran 36,342 6.91
Liberal Joey Uy Jamisola 28,836 5.48
Liberal RJ Yuseco 22,789 4.33
Liberal Rizalindo "Major Saling" Morales 18,794 3.57
Liberal Marilou Chua 17,635 3.35
KABAKA William Lising 16,613 3.15
Asenso Manileño Alberto "Abet Tabako" Alonzo 15,929 3.02
KABAKA Maria Victoria "Binky" Barbers 14,641 2.78
Liberal Mar Reyes 13,123 2.49
KABAKA Philip Chua 10,085 1.91
Independent Severino Reyes 6,989 1.32
Independent Wilson Ng 4,054 0.77
Liberal Jesus Abejar 3,115 0.59
Independent Jerry Gomez 2,928 0.55
Independent Mohammad "Madz" Ameril 2,175 0.41
Independent Rhady Siongco 1,947 0.37
Independent Esmail Codarangan 1,209 0.22
Total votes 111,266 100.00

4th district

Incumbent councilors Edward Maceda and Jocelyn Quintos were term-limited and could not seek re-election. Meanwhile, councilors Don Juan Bagatsing, and Science Reyes, who were not term-limited, chose not to seek re-election. Councilors Krystle Bacani and Anton Capistrano both vyed for a second term.

Among those who were gunning for a council seat were former councilors Luisito Chua, Eduardo "Wardee" Quintos XIV, and Victoriano Melendez. Eduardo 'Bimbo' Quintos XVI would not run for councilor due to his disqualification case in the office.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 4th district
Party Candidate Votes %
Asenso Manileño Luisito Chua 66,510
Asenso Manileño Krystle Bacani 64,151
Independent Anton Capistrano 48,529
Liberal Eduardo "Bimbo" Quintos XVI 47,840
Asenso Manileño Eduardo "Wardee" Quintos XIV 46,252
Asenso Manileño Joel "JTV" Villanueva 46,205
Asenso Manileño Angelita Calalang 38,368
KABAKA Victoriano Melendez 37,473
KABAKA Allan Dale Basco 23,247
Liberal Joseph Silva 21,625
UNA Christopher Ortiz 17,030
Liberal Jerome Chua 15,069
PMP Francisco Mariazeta 14,183
Independent Ramoncito Reyes 11,915
KABAKA Augusto Antonio 11,120
Liberal Katrina Rigor 10,307
KABAKA Marc Chester Regala 9,037
Liberal Pedro Galero 5,073
Independent Alexander Lim 4,960
Independent Zenaida Matias 4,850
Independent Virgilio Cornejo 4,493
Independent Rodolfo Astorga 3,839
Independent Antonio Abana 3,581
Independent Vicente Salgado 2,618
Total votes

5th district

Incumbent councilors Cristina Isip, Josefina Siscar, and Raymundo Yupangco were barred by term limits from seeking re-election. Meanwhile, councilor Arnold Atienza, who was not term-limited, chose not to seek another term. Councilors Joey Hizon III and Roberto Ortega Jr. both vied for another term.

Among those who sought a council seat were former councilors Richard Ibay, Roderick Valbuena, and Arturo Valenzona. Three-term Buhay Party-list Rep. Irwin Tieng also ran for a council seat in this district.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 5th district
Party Candidate Votes %
UNA William Irwin Tieng 68,223
Asenso Manileño Roberto Ortega, Jr. 64,412
PMP Laris Borromeo 62,694
Nacionalista Joey "TJ" Hizon III 62,117
Asenso Manileño Ricardo "Boy" Isip, Jr. 50,231
Asenso Manileño Anna Katrina Puzon-Yupangco 49,556
Asenso Manileño Richard Ibay 45,858
KABAKA Roderick Valbuena 32,606
PMP Gina Ragasa-Veniegas 23,788
Asenso Manileño Bobby Espiritu 23,295
KABAKA Harry Huecas 23,004
KABAKA Francis Villegas 21,504
KABAKA Edward Ramirez 20,538
KABAKA Jose Abrito 18,642
Liberal Felix Tobillo, Jr. 15,765
PDP–Laban Paulino Ejercito 15,741
PDP–Laban Erika Angela Platon 11,422
Liberal Jaime Co, Jr. 10,286
Liberal Mark Andaya 8,953
Liberal Dominador Mariano 7,831
NPC Geoffrey Dela Torre 7,553
Liberal Ariel Dakis 7,045
Liberal Abner Afuang 6,764
Independent John Dizon 5,780
Independent Jaime Adriano 4,200
Independent Gladina Villar 3,662
NPC Marlon Villarojas 2,611
Independent Turo Valenzona 2,353
Independent Eric Dolloso 1,838
Independent Rufino Cantil, Jr. 1,296
Independent Wenifredo Limit 1,222
NPC Fernando Perito 870
Total votes

6th district

Incumbent councilors Priscilla Marie Abante, Leilani Marie Lacuna, Joel Par, Elizabeth Rivera, Casimiro Sison, and Christian Paul Uy all sought another term.

Among those who ran for a council seat were former councilors Carlos Castañeda, Pablo Dario Ocampo, and Luciano Veloso. Castañeda served in the city council as the president of the Liga ng mga Barangay from 2004 to 2007, while Ocampo represented the 5th district from 1995 to 1998.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 6th district
Party Candidate Votes %
KABAKA Christian Paul "Joey" Uy 61,914 11.09
Asenso Manileño Priscilla Marie Abante 61,007 10.93
Asenso Manileño Elizabeth Rivera 59,840 10.72
Asenso Manileño Casimiro Sison 57,656 10.33
Asenso Manileño Carlos Castañeda 56,979 10.20
Ang Kapatiran Joel Par 56,418 10.10
Asenso Manileño Leilani Marie Lacuna 52,768 9.45
Liberal Lou Veloso 50,555 9.05
Aksyon Pablo Dario "Chikee" Ocampo IV 43,211 7.74
Liberal Jeremiah "My" Belgica 28,747 5.15
KABAKA Edward Quintos 9,719 1.74
Liberal Irene Rillo 5,421 0.97
Independent Angel Agub 4,352 0.77
Independent Jesus "Jessie Delgado" Porciuncula 3,559 0.63
Independent Emmanuel Gonzales 2,531 0.45
Independent Lardi Lardizabal 1,923 0.34
Independent Lynne Orqueza 1,499 0.26
Total votes 113,196 100.00

References

  1. ^ "Erap wins close Manila mayoral race over Lim". Rappler. May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  2. ^ "Erap Estrada wins 2nd term as Manila mayor". May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  3. ^ Torres-Tupas, Tetch (May 10, 2016). "Estrada reelected Manila mayor". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  4. ^ "Joseph Estrada to run for Manila mayor but for one term only". GMA News Online. 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  5. ^ "Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada announces reelection bid in 2016". PEP. 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
  6. ^ "5 politikos compete for Manila vice mayor in 2016". Politiko. 2015-10-09. Archived from the original on 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  7. ^ "Eyeing mayoralty, Bagatsing hits Estrada, Lim for Manila woes". Inquirer.net. 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
  8. ^ "Bagatsing runs for Manila mayor, vows pro-business policies". Rappler. 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  9. ^ "Alfredo Lim runs for Manila mayor again". Rappler. 2015-10-13. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  10. ^ a b Elemia, Camille (March 28, 2016). "Erap endorses 'my goddaughter' Grace Poe for president". Rappler. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  11. ^ Balagtas See, Aie (March 29, 2016). "Estrada: Gratitude to FPJ is why I endorse Grace Poe". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  12. ^ "Road closures in Manila on March 28 for Erap proclamation rally". Rappler. March 26, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  13. ^ "Lim confident of regaining Manila City Hall". Journal. March 28, 2016. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  14. ^ "Metro Manila politicians launch bids". The Philippine Star. March 29, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  15. ^ ‘Direk’ runs for mayor
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