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1989 South African general election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1989 South African general election

← 1987 6 September 1989 1994 →

166 of the 178 seats in the House of Assembly
84 seats needed for a majority
Registered3,120,104
Turnout69.48% (Increase 1.64pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
DP
Leader F. W. de Klerk Andries Treurnicht Collective leaders
Party National Conservative Democratic
Last election 52.70%, 123 seats 26.83%, 22 seats 16.12%, 20 seats[a]
Seats won 94 39 33
Seat change Decrease 29 Increase 17 Increase 13
Popular vote 1,039,704 680,131 431,444
Percentage 48.19% 31.52% 20.00%
Swing Decrease 4.51pp Increase 4.69pp Increase 3.88pp

Results by constituency

State President before election

F. W. de Klerk
National

Elected State President

F. W. de Klerk
National

General elections were held in South Africa on 6 September 1989, the last under apartheid. Snap elections had been called early (no election was required until 1992) by the recently elected head of the National Party (NP), F. W. de Klerk, who was in the process of replacing P. W. Botha as the country's president, and his expected program of reform to include further retreat from the policy of apartheid. The creation of the Conservative Party had realigned the NP as a moderate party, now almost certain to initiate negotiations with the black opposition, with liberal opposition (the PFP) openly seeking a new constitutional settlement on liberal democratic and federalist principles.

Although the National Party won a comfortable majority of seats (94 of 166) in the House of Assembly, the governing party suffered a setback and received only 48% of the popular vote, the first elections since 1961 in which the NP failed to win a majority of the vote. However, the first-past-the-post system, and a severely fractured opposition as well as the twelve appointed and indirectly elected members entrenched the NP's majority, allowing it to comfortably remain in power.

The Conservative Party (CP), which opposed any form of power-sharing with other races, failed to accomplish a breakthrough beyond its conservative Afrikaner backing as some had expected, but remained the official opposition with 39 seats. By some estimates, the party had received the backing of a slim majority of Afrikaners particularly in the Orange Free State, once the NP's heartland, but with very limited support among English-speaking voters.[1]

Before the elections, the liberal Progressive Federal Party (PFP) had dissolved itself and regrouped as the Democratic Party (DP), winning 33 seats, six seats short of retaking its position as the official opposition. In terms of vote share, it fell a quarter million votes behind the CP, but was favoured by its stronghold in the Cape Province and Natal.

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Transcription

House of Assembly (white)

The White Chamber of Parliament had 178 members, 166 of whom were directly elected (including a seat from Walvis Bay annexed from South West Africa, which was added in 1981) with 8 members indirectly elected by the directly elected members on the basis of proportional representation and four nominated by the State President (one from each province).[2]

The results of the election were interpreted by the government (based on support for the NP and the DP together) as a mandate from the white electorate to reform the apartheid system and seek a compromise with the African National Congress and its leader Nelson Mandela. Mandela was released half a year later, and the 1989 elections were the last under the limited, whites-only franchise and the Tricameral Parliament introduced in 1984.

Of the twelve appointed and indirectly-elected seats, nine were taken by the National Party, two by the Conservative Party and one by the Democratic Party.[3]

Two seats won by the Democratic Party were uncontested, while the National and Conservative parties were tied in the Orange Free State division of Fauresmith. A five-month court battle followed after the Free State Supreme Court ordered a recount, which eventually resulted in a majority of five votes for the National Party candidate.[4]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
National Party1,039,70448.1994−29
Conservative Party680,13131.5239+17
Democratic Party431,44420.0033+13
Herstigte Nasionale Party5,4160.2500
Independents8980.040–1
Presidential appointees40
Indirectly-elected members80
Total2,157,593100.001780
Valid votes2,157,59399.52
Invalid/blank votes10,3360.48
Total votes2,167,929100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,120,10469.48
Source: Nohlen et al.[5]

By province

Province National Conservative Democratic Total
Transvaal 34 31 11 76
Cape 42 2 12 56
Natal 10 0 10 20
Orange Free State 8 6 0 14
Total 94 39 33 166

By electoral division

Province Constituency NP CP DP HNP IND Invalid/
blank
Total Registered
voters
Turnout
Cape of Good Hope Albany 5,373 6,060 77 11,510 16,609 69.30
Algoa 7,094 3,993 228 11,315 18,212 62.13
Aliwal 4,419 2,579 68 7,066 9,903 71.35
Beaufort West 4,086 3,019 50 7,155 8,919 80.22
Bellville 6,607 1,941 1,326 22 9,896 15,200 65.11
Caledon 7,211 2,606 161 9,978 14,033 71.10
Ceres 5,390 2,871 74 8,335 10,779 77.33
Claremont 2,358 8,078 19 10,455 16,891 61.90
Constantia 3,654 10,132 46 13,832 20,543 67.33
Cradock 4,251 2,892 1,254 18 8,415 10,364 81.19
De Aar 4,402 3,823 67 8,292 9,998 82.94
De Kuilen 9,997 2,793 2,187 32 15,009 21,078 71.21
Durbanville 11,597 8,537 200 20,334 26,786 75.91
George 7,781 3,814 3,179 39 14,813 20,195 73.35
Gordonia 4,569 3,450 22 8,041 10,477 76.75
Graaff-Reinet 3,991 2,610 1,022 14 7,637 9,494 80.44
Green Point 2,991 4,814 47 7,852 14,282 54.98
Groote Schuur 2,039 6,285 50 8,374 14,824 56.49
Helderberg 10,540 8,492 141 19,173 24,779 77.38
Humansdorp 6,327 4,066 2,704 15 13,112 17,816 73.60
Cape Town Gardens 3,455 5,975 54 9,484 16,522 57.40
Kimberley North 5,525 3,965 154 9,644 13,736 70.21
Kimberley South 6,541 3,883 123 159 10,706 15,279 70.07
King William's Town 6,207 5,806 76 12,089 18,383 65.76
Kuruman 4,131 4,566 5 8,702 10,282 84.63
Maitland 6,154 4,749 441 30 11,374 19,964 56.97
Malmesbury 9,099 3,484 209 12,792 20,633 62.00
Mossel Bay 7,327 4,522 96 11,945 15,204 78.56
Namaqualand 4,263 3,304 29 7,596 9,947 76.36
Newton Park 7,197 5,300 131 12,628 18,443 68.47
East London North 5,556 1,256 5,056 35 11,903 18,122 65.68
East London City 4,807 4,361 65 9,233 16,198 57.00
Oudtshoorn 5,673 4,634 42 10,349 12,943 79.96
Paarl 7,059 2,603 1,748 31 11,441 15,969 71.65
Parow 7,362 1,323 157 8,842 16,170 54.68
Piketberg 7,935 2,944 398 17 11,294 14,474 78.03
Pinelands 3,153 8,174 53 11,380 15,973 71.25
Port Elizabeth North 5,117 2,412 119 144 7,792 15,520 50.21
Port Elizabeth Central 3,635 5,505 88 9,228 14,740 62.61
Prieska 3,695 2,545 63 6,303 8,033 78.46
Queenstown 4,014 2,302 2,906 56 9,278 12,338 75.20
Sea Point 2,318 8,879 40 11,237 17,521 64.13
Simonstown 5,920 9,282 78 15,280 22,060 69.27
Sundays River 5,778 4,561 44 10,383 13,663 75.99
Stellenbosch 5,772 3,557 106 9,435 13,830 68.22
Swellendam 5,724 3,043 1,154 26 9,947 12,711 78.26
Tygervallei 6,274 2,014 579 65 8,932 17,608 50.73
Uitenhage 6,091 6,217 69 12,377 16,280 76.03
False Bay 7,856 1,925 1,726 31 11,538 17,379 66.39
Vasco 6,544 2,645 82 9,271 16,456 56.34
Vryburg 4,261 3,602 29 7,892 9,689 81.45
Walmer 5,907 6,798 93 12,798 18,174 70.42
Walvis Bay 1,868 956 22 2,846 4,979 57.16
Wellington 8,164 3,421 1,370 21 12,976 20,420 63.55
Worcester 6,679 3,270 1,193 28 11,170 15,227 73.36
Wynberg 4,229 7,253 33 11,515 17,319 66.49
Natal Amanzimtoti 6,630 1,968 4,908 20 13,526 20,087 67.34
Berea 3,500 7,779 124 11,403 17,253 66.09
Durban North 4,522 8,376 57 12,955 19,000 68.18
Durban Point 4,102 1,177 3,408 38 8,725 17,001 51.32
Durban Central 3,587 6,326 65 9,978 16,957 58.84
Greytown 6,427 1,318 8,235 30 16,010 22,462 71.28
Klip River 5,053 3,137 2,355 35 10,580 15,107 70.03
Mooi River 4,312 1,256 6,612 73 12,253 17,472 70.13
Newcastle 6,054 5,093 750 12 11,909 17,472 68.16
Pietermaritzburg North 5,632 1,021 6,252 31 12,936 18,806 68.79
Pietermaritzburg South 6,568 1,057 7,332 80 15,037 21,499 69.94
Pinetown 5,254 8,957 241 67 14,519 21,459 67.66
Port Natal 5,620 2,310 3,373 33 11,336 18,598 60.95
South Coast 6,095 1,451 4,570 28 12,144 16,900 71.86
Umbilo 4,058 1,080 4,783 28 9,949 16,789 59.26
Umfolozi 5,010 4,103 2,437 14 11,564 17,350 66.65
Umhlanga 5,220 1,012 6,626 15 12,873 18,378 70.05
Umhlatuzana 7,459 5,578 122 13,159 21,887 60.12
Umlazi 6,149 2,429 3,314 27 11,919 19,476 61.20
Vryheid 5,825 4,391 1,072 256 14 11,558 15,925 72.58
Orange Free State Bethlehem 6,373 5,972 716 159 12 13,232 16,268 81.34
Bloemfontein North 6,476 3,272 1,723 37 11,508 16,764 68.65
Bloemfontein East 8,515 6,367 69 14,951 20,723 72.15
Bloemfontein West 7,371 4,675 79 12,125 16,823 72.07
Fauresmith[b] 4,519 4,519 120 27 9,185 10,597 86.68
Heilbron 5,772 5,896 231 23 11,922 13,677 87.17
Kroonstad 6,706 5,412 93 12,211 15,984 76.40
Ladybrand 5,735 5,805 471 30 12,041 13,960 86.25
Parys 6,323 7,736 41 14,100 17,153 82.20
Sasolburg 7,339 7,361 47 14,747 20,570 71.69
Smithfield 4,975 5,080 96 10,151 13,130 77.31
Virginia 6,911 6,864 680 88 44 14,587 20,661 70.60
Welkom 8,456 9,312 791 112 16 18,687 26,032 71.78
Winburg 7,538 6,320 89 13,947 17,214 81.02
Transvaal Alberton 7,161 6,408 1,325 88 14,982 22,265 67.29
Barberton 6,327 7,708 74 14,109 18,092 77.98
Benoni 5,957 3,205 4,212 20 13,394 20,281 66.04
Bethal 9,317 12,383 210 57 21,967 30,834 71.24
Bezuidenhout 5,262 976 5,618 162 45 12,063 21,310 56.61
Boksburg 8,043 5,653 2,260 111 26 16,093 23,177 69.44
Brakpan 6,652 7,543 729 45 14,969 21,727 68.90
Brentwood 8,997 6,623 3,016 55 18,691 26,012 71.86
Brits 5,799 8,831 57 14,687 18,936 77.56
Bryanston 4,305 10,947 68 15,320 22,580 67.85
Carletonville 6,963 7,918 59 14,940 21,312 70.10
Delmas 8,375 8,956 222 17,553 23,337 75.22
Edenvale 5,807 9,358 451 127 15,743 22,478 70.04
Ermelo 6,621 7,695 47 14,363 18,445 77.87
Florida 7,566 3,529 3,684 47 14,826 20,258 73.19
Geduld 8,285 7,908 1,826 27 18,046 24,833 72.67
Germiston 6,198 4,883 1,953 20 13,054 20,452 63.83
Germiston District 7,000 6,074 2,088 45 15,207 23,644 64.32
Gezina 6,421 6,414 175 13,010 19,773 65.80
Helderkruin 12,113 5,302 6,365 52 23,832 32,200 74.01
Hercules 5,841 9,379 371 44 38 15,673 23,000 68.14
Hillbrow 2,917 1,079 3,971 30 7,997 18,052 44.30
Houghton 3,702 10,003 47 13,752 20,800 66.12
Innesdal 8,250 6,741 255 98 15,344 19,972 76.83
Jeppe 4,593 2,671 1,189 27 8,480 20,876 40.62
Johannesburg North 3,306 9,511 57 12,874 19,114 67.35
Johannesburg West 4,247 2,919 2,870 52 10,088 18,187 55.47
Kempton Park 7,461 5,265 1,601 24 14,351 21,315 67.33
Klerksdorp 10,440 9,945 1,008 50 21,443 29,661 72.29
Koedoespoort 7,477 7,206 1,200 75 15,958 21,600 73.88
Krugersdorp 8,188 7,239 91 15,518 22,398 69.28
Langlaagte 6,580 4,879 159 11,618 19,586 59.32
Lichtenburg 4,711 7,906 46 12,663 16,004 79.12
Losberg 7,040 8,342 77 15,459 23,170 66.72
Lydenburg 5,883 6,753 332 165 133 13,266 16,925 78.38
Maraisburg 5,126 5,340 71 142 10,679 20,405 52.34
Meyerton 9,062 9,069 2,112 42 20,285 28,715 70.64
Middelburg 6,784 10,472 609 230 18 18,113 24,251 74.69
Modderfontein 10,269 6,110 3,972 41 20,392 29,832 68.36
Nelspruit 7,417 6,921 1,472 23 15,833 21,421 73.91
Nigel 8,259 9,466 193 51 17,969 23,850 75.34
North Rand 11,237 6,901 13,542 140 31,820 43,637 72.92
Overvaal 7,163 8,589 97 15,849 24,242 65.38
Parktown 2,800 8,804 126 11,730 18,010 65.13
Pietersburg 7,818 9,174 69 17,061 22,800 74.83
Potchefstroom 8,684 7,101 61 15,846 20,775 76.27
Potgietersrus 5,949 9,090 107 15,146 18,747 80.79
Pretoria East 17,237 7,138 6,875 91 31,341 38,901 80.57
Pretoria Central 5,916 3,947 776 140 40 10,819 18,882 57.30
Pretoria West 5,936 8,085 127 14,148 23,906 59.18
Primrose 7,253 5,894 97 13,244 19,376 68.35
Randburg 6,767 755 8,481 35 16,038 21,650 74.08
Randfontein 6,158 9,060 60 15,278 26,000 58.76
Rissik 6,778 3,245 2,817 53 12,893 18,685 69.00
Roodeplaat 9,418 9,983 228 19,629 26,285 74.68
Roodepoort 6,928 7,724 107 14,759 22,326 66.11
Rosettenville 6,195 2,913 1,945 30 11,083 18,988 58.37
Rustenburg 7,419 8,921 183 68 16,591 24,094 68.86
Sandton Unopposed 26,476
Schweizer-Reneke 5,254 7,146 59 12,459 14,860 83.84
Soutpansberg 7,600 8,130 77 15,807 18,753 84.29
Springs 6,622 5,381 1,473 31 13,507 19,634 68.79
Standerton 6,832 9,081 57 15,970 21,538 74.15
Stilfontein 3,939 5,865 36 9,840 14,615 67.33
Sunnyside 6,374 3,301 2,623 43 12,341 18,299 67.44
Turffontein 7,957 3,999 3,961 22 15,939 25,138 63.41
Vanderbijlpark 10,295 7,049 57 17,401 25,720 67.66
Ventersdorp 5,382 7,488 152 61 13,083 16,911 77.36
Vereeniging 7,199 7,194 863 36 15,292 21,729 70.38
Verwoerdburg 12,085 6,561 2,753 46 21,445 27,004 79.41
Waterberg 4,756 8,746 1,015 13 14,530 18,776 77.39
Waterkloof 8,220 2,667 5,913 37 16,837 20,343 82.77
Westdene 6,974 2,691 4,327 28 14,020 19,895 70.47
Witbank 7,505 9,596 949 33 18,083 26,190 69.05
Wonderboom 10,798 11,703 212 47 22,760 30,107 75.60
Yeoville Unopposed 20,550
Source: Government Gazette 12137

House of Representatives (coloured)

All five appointed and indirectly-elected seats were taken by the Labour Party.[2]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Labour Party171,93066.5969–7
Democratic Reform Party39,74115.395New
United Democratic Party19,8617.693New
Freedom Party1,9490.7510
Independents24,7059.572+1
Presidential appointees2New
Indirectly-elected members3New
Total258,186100.0085+5
Valid votes258,18698.90
Invalid/blank votes2,8611.10
Total votes261,047100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,439,11218.14
Source: Nohlen et al.[5]

House of Delegates (Indian)

Of the five appointed and indirectly-elected seats, three were taken by Solidarity, one by the National People’s Party and one by the Merit People's Party.[2]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Solidarity58,21638.0216–1
National People's Party38,52325.168–10
Democratic Party10,4276.813New
National Federal Party8,0585.261+1
People's Party of South Africa6,0643.961New
United Party2,7121.770New
Merit People's Party2,0781.363New
Progressive Independent Party1,4970.980–1
Freedom Party7030.462New
Republican Party7010.460New
Independents24,15715.776+2
Presidential appointees2New
Indirectly-elected members3New
Total153,136100.00450
Valid votes153,13699.10
Invalid/blank votes1,3880.90
Total votes154,524100.00
Registered voters/turnout663,60423.29
Source: Nohlen et al.[5]

References

  1. ^ The Star, 24 May 1987
  2. ^ a b c 1981 House of Assembly Election African Elections Database
  3. ^ South Africa: Parliamentary Chamber: House of Assembly: Elections held in 1989 Inter-Parliamentary Union
  4. ^ Aucamp, J.M. (2010) Die Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika se laaste dekade as regerende party, 1984-1994, page 242
  5. ^ a b c Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, pp832–837 ISBN 0-19-829645-2

Notes

  1. ^ Progressive Federal Party and New Republic Party combined.
  2. ^ Tie: seat awarded to National Party after court-ordered recount
This page was last edited on 22 March 2024, at 10:23
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