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1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak
Destruction in Wichita Falls, Texas, after the tornado
TypeTornado outbreak
DurationApril 10–12, 1979
Tornadoes
confirmed
61 confirmed
Max. rating1F4 tornado
Duration of
tornado outbreak2
38 hours
Fatalities58 fatalities, 1,927 injuries[1]
Damageunknown
Areas affectedMidwestern and Southern United States

1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado

A destructive and deadly tornado outbreak impacted the Red River Valley on April 10, 1979. Several strong to violent tornadoes touched down throughout the region that day. One F4 tornado impacted Vernon, Texas. The most notable tornado was another F4 tornado that destroyed most of the southern part of Wichita Falls, Texas, and is commonly referred to as "Terrible Tuesday" by many meteorologists. Additional tornadoes were reported across the Southern Plains as well as in the Mississippi River Valley on April 11–12. Overall, the outbreak killed 58 people and injured 1,927 others. This tornado outbreak resulted from a storm system that was the same storm system[2][3] that, just a few days later, produced the 1979 Easter flood, which was the worst disaster to befall Jackson, Mississippi in over a century, [4] causing over $500 million in 1979 dollars, forcing the evacuation of over 15,000 residents, and killing one.[3]

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  • Weather History: Terrible Tuesday 1979

Transcription

Meteorological Synopsis

A deepening low pressure system formed in Colorado as a warm front lifted north pulling warm, moist, unstable air. There was strong upper level dynamics all coming together to produce strong tornado-producing supercells. In the early afternoon hours, three supercell thunderstorms formed. They moved northeastward, and as a trio spawned families of tornadoes. These supercells caused the most damaging tornadoes of the outbreak.

The first tornado formed near Crowell, Texas, at around 3:05 p.m. About 35 minutes later, the first killer one of the outbreak ripped through Vernon and killed 11 people. Then the supercell spawned one that killed three people in Lawton, Oklahoma. The second supercell spawned one that moved 74 miles (119 km).

The third supercell was the one that formed the Seymour and Wichita Falls tornadoes as part of a three-member tornado family. The first tornado formed near Seymour at around 4:53 pm. The storm spawned a second tornado that moved through the south and east sides of Wichita Falls at around 6:00 pm. The third member of the family formed near Waurika, Oklahoma, at around 8:00 p.m.

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating
FU F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Total
0 10 19 25 4 2 0 60

April 10 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Tuesday, April 10, 1979[nb 1]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
F0 S of Crosbyton Crosby TX 33°39′N 101°14′W / 33.65°N 101.23°W / 33.65; -101.23 (Crosbyton (Apr. 10, F0)) 1908 2 miles (3.2 km) [5]
F0 E of Plainview Hale TX 34°12′N 101°41′W / 34.20°N 101.68°W / 34.20; -101.68 (Plainview (Apr. 10, F0)) 1938 0.1 miles (160 m) [5]
F2 SW of Foard City to S of Rayland Foard TX 33°51′N 99°48′W / 33.85°N 99.80°W / 33.85; -99.80 (Foard City (Apr. 10, F0)) 2105 22.1 miles (35.6 km) Houses were unroofed, and barns were destroyed.[5]
F4 SE of Rayland, TX to NE of Davidson, OK Foard (TX), Wilbarger (TX), Tillman (OK) TX, OK 34°02′N 99°28′W / 34.03°N 99.47°W / 34.03; -99.47 (Rayland (Apr. 10, F0)) 2120 39.7 miles (63.9 km) 11 deaths – A large wedge tornado struck the city of Vernon, destroying numerous houses and businesses including a cafe, a motel, and a truck stop. Seven of the deaths occurred when vehicles were thrown from U.S 287 in Texas. The tornado crossed into Oklahoma where it destroyed three houses and damaged five others. Overall, this violent tornado caused $27,000,000 in damage and injured 67 other people.[5]
F0 SE of Thalia Foard TX 33°59′N 99°32′W / 33.98°N 99.53°W / 33.98; -99.53 (Thalia (Apr. 10, F0)) 2120 2.5 miles (4.0 km) [5]
F2 Harrold, TX to Marlow, OK Wilbarger (TX), Wichita (TX), Tillman (OK), Cotton (OK), Comanche (OK), Stephens (OK) TX, OK 34°05′N 99°02′W / 34.08°N 99.03°W / 34.08; -99.03 (Harrold (Apr. 10, F0)) 2155 74.1 miles (119.3 km) 1 death – A large wedge tornado destroyed eight airplanes at an airport near Grandfield and took the exterior walls off a nearby house. A grain elevator was destroyed in the Hulen area, and houses were damaged in Pumpkin Center and near Walters. A woman died when she took shelter underneath a semi-truck, which rolled over her when the tornado struck.[5]
F2 N of Hollister Tillman OK 34°21′N 98°54′W / 34.35°N 98.90°W / 34.35; -98.90 (Hollister (Apr. 10, F0)) 2205 9.2 miles (14.8 km) Three houses were destroyed, and several others were damaged.[5]
F1 N of Faxon Comanche OK 34°28′N 98°37′W / 34.47°N 98.62°W / 34.47; -98.62 (Faxon (Apr. 10, F0)) 2235 7.1 miles (11.4 km) A mobile home was destroyed near Faxson, which resulted in two serious injuries, and two houses in the area were damaged. The tornado left suction vortex marks in open fields.[5]
F2 NE of Seymour Baylor TX 33°37′N 99°18′W / 33.62°N 99.30°W / 33.62; -99.30 (Seymour (Apr. 10, F0)) 2249 10.4 miles (16.7 km) A strong tornado damaged roofs, telephone poles, and trees. It also uprooted shrubs and overturned a truck but remained over open country while at peak intensity. This tornado was well-documented on film by NSSL storm researchers.[5]
F3 Southern Lawton Comanche OK 34°34′N 98°25′W / 34.57°N 98.42°W / 34.57; -98.42 (Lawton (Apr. 10, F0)) 2305 4.5 miles (7.2 km) 3 deaths – An intense tornado struck Lawton, destroying 116 structures and damaging at least 330 others. Unanchored houses were completely swept from their foundations. One person was killed when their car was tossed from a road.[5]
F1 SW of Iowa Park Wichita TX 33°54′N 98°48′W / 33.90°N 98.80°W / 33.90; -98.80 (Iowa Park (Apr. 10, F0)) 2308 0.1 miles (160 m) [5]
F4 SW of Wichita Falls, TX to E of Waurika, OK Archer (TX), Wichita (TX), Clay (TX), Jefferson (OK) TX, OK 33°49′N 98°39′W / 33.82°N 98.65°W / 33.82; -98.65 (Wichita Falls (Apr. 10, F0)) 2350 46.9 miles (75.5 km) 42 deaths – See section on this tornado – 1,740 people were injured. This is the second-highest number of injuries caused by a single tornado in United States history after the Tri-State Tornado of 1925.[5]
F1 Wichita Falls area Wichita TX 33°54′N 98°30′W / 33.90°N 98.50°W / 33.90; -98.50 (Wichita Falls (Apr. 10, F0)) 0000 2 miles (3.2 km) Second, much weaker tornado in the area.[5]
F2 S of Noble Cleveland OK 35°06′N 97°22′W / 35.10°N 97.37°W / 35.10; -97.37 (Noble (Apr. 10, F0)) 0040 2 miles (3.2 km) Two barns were damaged.[5]
F2 E of Bellemont Pottawatomie, Lincoln OK 35°25′N 96°45′W / 35.42°N 96.75°W / 35.42; -96.75 (Bellemont (Apr. 10, F0)) 0045 4.6 miles (7.4 km) Two trailers were destroyed, and three houses were damaged. One person was injured.[5]
F2 SW of Noble Cleveland OK 35°06′N 97°24′W / 35.10°N 97.40°W / 35.10; -97.40 (Noble (Apr. 10, F0)) 0050 1.5 miles (2.4 km) A mobile home was destroyed.[5]
F1 Hays area Ellis KS 38°52′N 99°19′W / 38.87°N 99.32°W / 38.87; -99.32 (Hays (Apr. 10, F0)) 0130 0.5 miles (0.80 km) 67 yd (61 m) [5]
F3 W of Pruitt City Carter OK 34°21′N 97°36′W / 34.35°N 97.60°W / 34.35; -97.60 (Pruitt City (Apr. 10, F0)) 0155 12.8 miles (20.6 km) Severe damage in the Pruitt City area. Forty-four houses and mobile homes were damaged or destroyed. Several vehicles, including a bus, were flipped and tossed.[5]
F0 W of Oakland Pottawatomie OK 34°07′N 96°48′W / 34.12°N 96.80°W / 34.12; -96.80 (Oakland (Apr. 10, F0)) 0205 0.2 miles (320 m) [5]
F0 N of Oakland Pottawatomie OK 35°23′N 96°58′W / 35.39°N 96.97°W / 35.39; -96.97 (Oakland (Apr. 11, F0)) 0205 0.2 miles (320 m)
F2 SW of Novice Runnels, Coleman TX 31°58′N 99°48′W / 31.97°N 99.80°W / 31.97; -99.80 (Novice (Apr. 10, F0)) 0317 9.6 miles (15.4 km) Large tornado destroyed several barns and scattered debris over a large area.[5]
F3 SW of Talpa to N of Coleman Runnels, Coleman TX 31°42′N 99°45′W / 31.70°N 99.75°W / 31.70; -99.75 (Talpa (Apr. 10, F0)) 0330 25 miles (40 km) Houses and barns were ripped apart.[5]

April 11 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, April 11, 1979[nb 1]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
F1 SE of Comanche Comanche TX 31°52′N 98°31′W / 31.87°N 98.52°W / 31.87; -98.52 (Comanche (Apr. 10, F0)) 0550 0.1 miles (160 m) [5]
F2 S of Energy to W of Hico Comanche, Hamilton TX 31°45′N 98°22′W / 31.75°N 98.37°W / 31.75; -98.37 (Energy (Apr. 10, F0)) 0550 24 miles (39 km) Barns were destroyed and homes sustained roof damage. A woman was injured when her truck rolled into the ditch in which she was taking cover.[5]
F1 Mineral Wells area Palo Pinto TX 32°48′N 98°07′W / 32.80°N 98.12°W / 32.80; -98.12 (Mineral Wells (Apr. 10, F0)) 0556 0.1 miles (160 m) [5]
F1 NE of Allen Pontotoc OK 34°54′N 96°24′W / 34.90°N 96.40°W / 34.90; -96.40 (Allen (Apr. 11, F1)) 0601 3 miles (4.8 km) 50 yards (46 m)
F2 NW of Kingston Marshall OK 34°02′N 96°45′W / 34.03°N 96.75°W / 34.03; -96.75 (Kingston (Apr. 11, F2)) 0705 0.1 miles (160 m) A trailer and three barns were destroyed.
F1 NE of Southmayd Grayson TX 33°38′N 96°42′W / 33.64°N 96.70°W / 33.64; -96.70 (Southmayd (Apr. 11, F1)) 0806 0.1 miles (160 m)
F0 W of Beland Muskogee OK 35°42′N 95°36′W / 35.70°N 95.60°W / 35.70; -95.60 (Beland (Apr. 11, F0)) 1000 0.1 miles (160 m)
F2 E of Hattieville Conway AR 35°17′N 92°48′W / 35.28°N 92.80°W / 35.28; -92.80 (Hattieville (Apr. 11, F2)) 1310 5.4 miles (8.7 km) Six barns and two homes were destroyed. Other homes, barns, and outbuildings were damaged.
F1 W of Mountain View Stone AR 35°54′N 92°04′W / 35.90°N 92.06°W / 35.90; -92.06 (Mountain View (Apr. 11, F1)) 1442 8.7 miles (14.0 km)
F2 Prairie Grove area Washington AR 35°56′N 94°17′W / 35.93°N 94.29°W / 35.93; -94.29 (Prairie Grove (Apr. 11, F2)) 1602 11.1 miles (17.9 km)
F2 N of Athens Henderson, Van Zandt TX 32°10′N 95°54′W / 32.16°N 95.90°W / 32.16; -95.90 (Athens (Apr. 11, F2)) 1610 13.3 miles (21.4 km)
F2 Sulphur Springs area Hopkins TX 33°08′N 95°37′W / 33.14°N 95.61°W / 33.14; -95.61 (Sulphur Springs (Apr. 11, F2)) 1612 8.3 miles (13.4 km)
F1 NW of Hainesville Wood TX 32°43′N 95°22′W / 32.72°N 95.37°W / 32.72; -95.37 (Hainesville (Apr. 11, F1)) 1702 0.1 miles (160 m)
F2 SW of Eagletown, OK to W of Big Fork, AR McCurtain (OK), Sevier (AR), Polk (AR) OK, AR 33°59′N 94°35′W / 33.99°N 94.59°W / 33.99; -94.59 (Eagletown-Big Fork (Apr. 11, F2)) 1715 42 miles (68 km) Three people were injured in a mobile home near the beginning of the path. Major damage in the Grannis area. Six homes, 19 trailers, and an elementary school were destroyed, where four students were injured. Two homes were also destroyed near Wickes. Tornado injured a total of 20 people and caused $1,750,000 in damage.
F0 W of Hurley Stone MO 36°55′N 93°27′W / 36.92°N 93.45°W / 36.92; -93.45 (Hurley (Apr. 11, F0)) 1730 0.1 miles (160 m)
F2 NE of Bodcaw Nevada AR 33°35′N 93°22′W / 33.58°N 93.37°W / 33.58; -93.37 (Bodcaw (Apr. 11, F2)) 2010 0.5 miles (0.80 km) Three homes were destroyed and others were damaged.
F2 SW of Guy Faulkner AR 35°19′N 92°21′W / 35.31°N 92.35°W / 35.31; -92.35 (Guy (Apr. 11, F2)) 2015 3 miles (4.8 km) Several buildings were torn apart and a cemetery was damaged. Caused $190,000 in damage.
F1 SW of Homer Claiborne LA 32°44′N 93°08′W / 32.74°N 93.13°W / 32.74; -93.13 (Homer (Apr. 11, F1)) 2100 2 miles (3.2 km)
F3 SE of Sargent to E of Licking Douglas, Texas MO 37°03′N 92°04′W / 37.05°N 92.07°W / 37.05; -92.07 (Sargent-Licking (Apr. 11, F3)) 2100 35.4 miles (57.0 km)
F2 E of East End to NE of Lonoke Saline, Pulaski, Lonoke AR 34°44′N 92°19′W / 34.74°N 92.32°W / 34.74; -92.32 (East End–Lonoke (Apr. 11, F2)) 2100 30.81 miles (49.58 km) Several trailers were destroyed. Damage also occurred to machinery, homes, and outbuildings.
F0 SW of Bakersfield Ozark MO 36°31′N 92°11′W / 36.51°N 92.18°W / 36.51; -92.18 (Bakersfield (Apr. 11, F0)) 2115 2.7 miles (4.3 km)
F1 NE of Fryatt Fulton AR 36°28′N 91°38′W / 36.47°N 91.64°W / 36.47; -91.64 (Fryatt (Apr. 11, F1)) 2145 0.5 miles (0.80 km)
F1 W of Beebe White AR 35°04′N 91°57′W / 35.06°N 91.95°W / 35.06; -91.95 (Beebe (Apr. 11, F1)) 2150 6.5 miles (10.5 km)
F2 NE of Crossett to NE of Hamburg Ashley AR 33°09′N 91°55′W / 33.15°N 91.92°W / 33.15; -91.92 (Crossett-Hamburg (Apr. 11, F2)) 2210 10.4 miles (16.7 km) Tornado caused $3,500,000 to the downtown business district in Hamburg. Second tornado to strike Hamburg in three days.
F2 NW of Black Rock Lawrence AR 36°06′N 91°06′W / 36.10°N 91.10°W / 36.10; -91.10 (Black Rock (Apr. 11, F2)) 2235 2 miles (3.2 km) Caused over $300,000 in damage to homes, barns, and a rock crushing plant.
F1 N of Topeka Shawnee KS 39°07′N 95°44′W / 39.11°N 95.74°W / 39.11; -95.74 (Topeka (Apr. 11, F1)) 2300 4.1 miles (6.6 km)
F2 E of McGehee Desha AR 33°37′N 91°23′W / 33.62°N 91.38°W / 33.62; -91.38 (McGehee (Apr. 11, F2)) 2315 3.6 miles (5.8 km) Homes and businesses were torn apart in the McGehee area. Caused a total of $449,000 in damage.
F1 NW of Phillipsburg Phillips KS 39°49′N 99°25′W / 39.82°N 99.41°W / 39.82; -99.41 (Phillipsburg (Apr. 11, F1)) 2315 0.1 miles (160 m) 33 yards (30 m) No significant damage was reported.[6]
F1 NE of Libertyville St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve MO 37°43′N 90°16′W / 37.71°N 90.27°W / 37.71; -90.27 (Libertyville (Apr. 11, F1)) 2330 8.5 miles (13.7 km) A concrete block building was destroyed, and another was partially destroyed. A home was badly damaged, losing a large portion of its front side. Two barns were also destroyed and scattered across a field.
F1 E of Long Island Phillips KS 39°57′N 99°28′W / 39.95°N 99.46°W / 39.95; -99.46 (Long Island (Apr. 11, F1)) 0000 4 miles (6,400 m) 200 yards (180 m) A farm building and fences were damaged.[6]
F0 S of Sweetwater Buffalo NE 41°01′N 98°59′W / 41.01°N 98.99°W / 41.01; -98.99 (Sweetwater (Apr. 11, F0)) 0000 0.5 miles (0.80 km)
F1 NW of Roundaway Coahoma MS 33°59′N 90°38′W / 33.99°N 90.64°W / 33.99; -90.64 (Roundaway (Apr. 11, F1)) 0005 0.5 miles (0.80 km)
F2 Liberty to SE of Barnesville Clay, Clinton MO 39°14′N 94°25′W / 39.24°N 94.41°W / 39.24; -94.41 (Liberty-Barnesville (Apr. 11, F2)) 0100 20.1 miles (32.3 km) Several homes and businesses, a mobile home park, a church, and a school were damaged. Three barns were destroyed as well. Five bus passengers were injured when they took shelter in a ditch, only to have the bus roll onto them.
F2 S of Dycusburg to W of Bellville Crittenden, Webster, Henderson KY 37°08′N 88°11′W / 37.14°N 88.18°W / 37.14; -88.18 (Dycusburg-Bellville (Apr. 11, F2)) 0150 36 miles (58 km) Tornado tore a large section of roof from an elementary school near Robards. Five people were injured when trailers were overturned.
F2 E of Evansville to N of Boonville Vanderburgh, Warrick IN 37°59′N 87°30′W / 37.98°N 87.50°W / 37.98; -87.50 (Evansville-Boonville (Apr. 11, F2)) 0200 16.98 miles (27.33 km) 1 death – Moved from the east side of Evansville to north of Boonville. A shopping center and a lumber yard were damaged. One person was killed and two others were injured when the tornado struck a mobile home park.

April 12 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, April 12, 1979[nb 1]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
F0 Dickson area Dickson TN 36°04′N 87°22′W / 36.07°N 87.37°W / 36.07; -87.37 (Dickson (Apr. 12, F0)) 0500 0.3 miles (480 m) 33 yards (30 m)
F1 Florence area Lauderdale AL 34°48′N 87°40′W / 34.80°N 87.67°W / 34.80; -87.67 (Florence (Apr. 12, F1)) 0530 0.5 miles (0.80 km) 20 yards (18 m) One more more brief tornadoes occurred within a larger area of straight-line wind damage in Lauderdale County. Three people were injured.
F2 NE of Columbus Lowndes MS 33°32′N 88°24′W / 33.53°N 88.40°W / 33.53; -88.40 (Columbus (Apr. 12, F2)) 0900 7.7 miles (12.4 km) 880 yards (800 m) [7]

Wichita Falls, Texas

Wichita Falls, Texas
F4 tornado
More destruction from the Wichita Falls tornado
Max. rating1F4 tornado
Fatalities42 fatalities, 1,740 injuries
Damage$400 million (1979 USD)
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

The Wichita Falls tornado formed in Archer County and moved northeast and damaged a few rural homes and high voltage towers at F1-F2 intensity. It rapidly intensified to F4 intensity as it entered the city near Memorial Stadium by McNiel Jr. High School on Southwest Parkway, which was located to the west of Wichita Falls at approximately 6:07 p.m., damaging both structures severely. Hail the size of golf balls preceded the touchdown and continued for approximately 15 minutes. It then became calm before the winds began to pick up.

Continuing at F4 intensity, the now massive wedge tornado, which was at its maximum 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, cut a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) swath of destruction through the south side of town. It first destroyed an apartment complex, where the first fatalities took place, as it moved along Southwest Parkway. Continuing east-northeastward, the violent tornado destroyed a large portion of a residential neighborhood before heavily damaging a commercial building along Southwest Parkway. The Southwest National Bank Building was completely obliterated, leaving nothing behind except for its vault. As it moved north of Southwest Parkway, the tornado destroyed many homes in both the Western Hills Addition and the Faith Village Addition and severely damaged Ben Milam Elementary School. The tornado then crossed over Kemp Boulevard and destroyed several commercial businesses, including a restaurant, resulting in several additional fatalities. Despite passing north of the Sikes Senter Shopping Mall, intense winds from the outer circulation of the tornado heavily damaged a few stores and blew many cars in the mall's parking lot some distance away from where they originated and stacked on top of each other. Still at F4 intensity as it moved east-northeastward, the tornado moved over a greenbelt area, passing just barely south of Midwestern State University as it severely damaged several more housing additions. (Colonial Park, Hursh, Southmoor, Southwinds, and Southern Hills) A number of people tried to flee as the tornado moved along US 281 and 287 by driving east on Southwest Parkway. The tornado blew many of those vehicles off those roadways, inflicting numerous fatalities. 25 of the 42 fatalities from the tornado were vehicle related, 16 of which were of people who left their homes to evade the massive tornado. Only 5 of the homes that were left actually incurred damage.

The tornado then weakened slightly, but remained at F3 intensity, destroying the Sun Valley housing area, the Sunnyside Heights Mobile Home Park, and several large commercial businesses, including the Levi Strauss Plant, before exiting the east side of town. It then moved into Clay County and changed its appearance to display a multiple-vortex structure. There were at times five separate vortices visible within the tornado. It inflicted additional F0-F2 damage south of Dean and Byers, but no more fatalities occurred. Crossing into Oklahoma, the tornado inflicted additional damage near Waurika before dissipating.

The injury count for this tornado was 1,740, the most injuries ever recorded for an F4/EF4 tornado. It is believed that many more minor injuries were never recorded.[8][9][10]

Aftermath

Outbreak death toll
State Total County County
total
Indiana 1 Warrick 1
Oklahoma 3 Comanche 3
Texas 54 Wichita 42
Wilbarger 12
Totals 58
All deaths were tornado-related,

At the end of the outbreak, 54 people lost their lives in Texas, three were killed in Oklahoma and one was killed in Indiana. The Wichita Falls tornado alone killed 42 people and caused $400 million in damage ($2.08 billion in today's dollars).[11] The tornado cut a path 8 miles (13 km) through the city, with significant devastation.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

  1. ^ Lietz, Joshua. "Custom Search Results". Tornado History Project. Archived from the original on 2019-12-04. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  2. ^ Hederman, T.M. Jr. (1979). The Great Flood: 1979. Hederman Brothers. p. 7.
  3. ^ a b "NWS Jackson, MS 1979 Pearl River Flood". Archived from the original on 2014-08-09. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
  4. ^ Hederman, T.M. Jr. (1979). The Great Flood: 1979. Hederman Brothers. p. 7.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Grazulis (1979) (Report). Thomas P. Grazulis.
  6. ^ a b "Kansas Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  7. ^ "Mississippi Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  8. ^ "Wichita Falls, TX Tornadoes (1900-Present)". Norman, OK Weather Forecast Office. National Weather Service. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  9. ^ "F4 Tornado". Facts Just for Kids. 19 July 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  10. ^ "The Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak of 10 April 1979". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  11. ^ Brooks, Harold E.; Charles A. Doswell III (February 2001). "Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999" (abstract). Weather and Forecasting. American Meteorological Society. 16 (1): 168–76. Bibcode:2001WtFor..16..168B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2.[permanent dead link]

External links and sources

Preceded by Costliest U.S. tornadoes on record
April 10, 1979
Succeeded by
This page was last edited on 19 February 2024, at 02:42
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