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1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee

← 1956 November 8, 1960[1] 1964 →
 
Nominee Richard Nixon John F. Kennedy
Party Republican Democratic
Home state California Massachusetts
Running mate Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Lyndon B. Johnson
Electoral vote 11 0
Popular vote 556,577 481,453
Percentage 52.92% 45.77%

County Results

President before election

Dwight D. Eisenhower
Republican

Elected President

John F. Kennedy
Democratic

The 1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11[2] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Ever since the Civil War, Tennessee’s white citizenry had been divided according to political loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the Western Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne[3] voted Republican — generally by landslide margins — as they saw the Democratic Party as the "war party" who had forced them into a war they did not wish to fight.[4] Contrariwise, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state's secession were equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction.[5] The Democratic Party was certain of winning statewide elections if united,[6] although unlike the Deep South Republicans would almost always gain thirty to forty percent of the statewide vote from mountain and Highland Rim support even after most blacks were disenfranchised around 1890 by a poll tax[7] and intimidation.

Between 1896 and 1948, the Republicans would win statewide contests three times but only in the second amiss the national anti-Wilson tide of 1920[8] did they receive down-ballot coattails by winning three congressional seats in addition to the rock-ribbed GOP First and Second Districts.[9] After the beginning of the Great Depression, however, for the next third of a century the Republicans would rarely contest statewide offices seriously despite continuing dominance of East Tennessee and half a dozen Unionist counties in the middle and west of the state.[10] State GOP leader B. Carroll Reece is widely believed to have had agreements with E. H. Crump and later Frank G. Clement and Buford Ellington that Republicans would not contest offices statewide or outside their traditional pro-Union areas.[11] Despite this, the capture of a substantial part of the West Tennessee Dixiecrat vote of 1948 allowed Dwight D. Eisenhower to narrowly carry the state for the GOP in both 1952[12] and 1956.

For 1960, the nomination of Irish Catholic John F. Kennedy by the Democratic Party — who had made major gains in the 1958 midterm elections — led to severe questioning of how Tennessee’s heavily fundamentalist electorate would react to Kennedy’s Catholicism.[13]

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Transcription

Campaign

During the campaign, both Kennedy and Republican nominee incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon visited Tennessee in the second week of October.[14] Kennedy focused on Nixon’s supposed opposition to the Tennessee Valley Authority, whilst Nixon focused on how his platform was closer to that of the Founding Fathers and Andrew Jackson than Kennedy’s. Kennedy, for his part, noted that the Democratic Party was founded by Tennessean Jackson.[14]

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
The Philadelphia Inquirer[15] Tossup October 3, 1960
Knoxville News Sentinel[16] Lean R October 23, 1960
Daily News[17] Lean D October 28, 1960
The Daily Item[18] Tilt R November 4, 1960
Los Angeles Times[19] Tossup November 6, 1960

Results

1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Richard Nixon 556,577 52.92%
Democratic John F. Kennedy 481,453 45.77%
National States' Rights Party Orval Faubus 11,304 1.07%
Prohibition Rutherford Decker 2,458 0.23%
Total votes 1,051,792 100%

Results by county

1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee by county[20]
County Richard Milhous Nixon
Republican
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Democratic
Orval Eugene Faubus
National States’ Rights
Rutherford Losey Decker
Prohibition
Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # %
Anderson 11,153 52.56% 9,878 46.55% 152 0.72% 38 0.18% 1,275 6.01% 21,221
Bedford 2,633 36.81% 4,457 62.32% 62 0.87% 0 0.00% -1,824 -25.50% 7,152
Benton 1,773 45.20% 2,030 51.75% 120 3.06% 0 0.00% -257 -6.55% 3,923
Bledsoe 1,439 58.69% 981 40.01% 24 0.98% 8 0.33% 458 18.68% 2,452
Blount 13,552 68.20% 6,213 31.27% 67 0.34% 40 0.20% 7,339 36.93% 19,872
Bradley 7,865 69.69% 3,307 29.30% 91 0.81% 22 0.19% 4,558 40.39% 11,285
Campbell 5,079 61.21% 3,134 37.77% 63 0.76% 21 0.25% 1,945 23.44% 8,297
Cannon 1,195 48.05% 1,275 51.27% 14 0.56% 3 0.12% -80 -3.22% 2,487
Carroll 4,517 59.36% 2,961 38.91% 117 1.54% 14 0.18% 1,556 20.45% 7,609
Carter 12,214 77.31% 3,412 21.60% 94 0.60% 78 0.49% 8,802 55.72% 15,798
Cheatham 683 26.20% 1,883 72.23% 34 1.30% 7 0.27% -1,200 -46.03% 2,607
Chester 1,807 59.05% 1,192 38.95% 54 1.76% 7 0.23% 615 20.10% 3,060
Claiborne 3,888 64.20% 2,142 35.37% 18 0.30% 8 0.13% 1,746 28.83% 6,056
Clay 1,098 52.14% 976 46.34% 32 1.52% 0 0.00% 122 5.79% 2,106
Cocke 6,581 81.30% 1,442 17.81% 34 0.42% 38 0.47% 5,139 63.48% 8,095
Coffee 3,058 39.79% 4,555 59.26% 66 0.86% 7 0.09% -1,497 -19.48% 7,686
Crockett 1,467 48.69% 1,438 47.73% 95 3.15% 13 0.43% 29 0.96% 3,013
Cumberland 3,523 60.70% 2,189 37.72% 62 1.07% 30 0.52% 1,334 22.98% 5,804
Davidson 52,077 46.25% 59,649 52.98% 666 0.59% 205 0.18% -7,572 -6.72% 112,597
Decatur 1,684 54.76% 1,321 42.96% 51 1.66% 19 0.62% 363 11.80% 3,075
DeKalb 1,440 47.59% 1,547 51.12% 29 0.96% 10 0.33% -107 -3.54% 3,026
Dickson 1,928 32.71% 3,930 66.68% 33 0.56% 3 0.05% -2,002 -33.97% 5,894
Dyer 4,097 49.95% 3,868 47.15% 221 2.69% 17 0.21% 229 2.79% 8,203
Fayette 1,370 48.95% 892 31.87% 517 18.47% 20 0.71% 478 17.08% 2,799
Fentress 2,726 71.89% 1,014 26.74% 37 0.98% 15 0.40% 1,712 45.15% 3,792
Franklin 2,041 28.59% 5,041 70.61% 45 0.63% 12 0.17% -3,000 -42.02% 7,139
Gibson 5,173 45.66% 5,796 51.16% 330 2.91% 30 0.26% -623 -5.50% 11,329
Giles 1,598 24.54% 4,879 74.91% 24 0.37% 12 0.18% -3,281 -50.38% 6,513
Grainger 3,017 75.86% 939 23.61% 12 0.30% 9 0.23% 2,078 52.25% 3,977
Greene 8,835 66.55% 4,406 33.19% 20 0.15% 15 0.11% 4,429 33.36% 13,276
Grundy 786 26.55% 2,143 72.40% 19 0.64% 12 0.41% -1,357 -45.84% 2,960
Hamblen 7,093 69.23% 3,122 30.47% 30 0.29% 0 0.00% 3,971 38.76% 10,245
Hamilton 39,703 55.70% 30,482 42.77% 959 1.35% 133 0.19% 9,221 12.94% 71,277
Hancock 2,107 82.56% 438 17.16% 7 0.27% 0 0.00% 1,669 65.40% 2,552
Hardeman 1,601 44.42% 1,711 47.48% 288 7.99% 4 0.11% -110 -3.05% 3,604
Hardin 3,323 65.18% 1,690 33.15% 73 1.43% 12 0.24% 1,633 32.03% 5,098
Hawkins 7,010 72.48% 2,586 26.74% 65 0.67% 11 0.11% 4,424 45.74% 9,672
Haywood 1,188 35.63% 1,867 56.00% 258 7.74% 21 0.63% -679 -20.37% 3,334
Henderson 3,597 70.14% 1,490 29.06% 31 0.60% 10 0.20% 2,107 41.09% 5,128
Henry 3,033 36.93% 5,049 61.48% 131 1.60% 0 0.00% -2,016 -24.55% 8,213
Hickman 1,224 33.20% 2,401 65.12% 38 1.03% 24 0.65% -1,177 -31.92% 3,687
Houston 366 23.87% 1,150 75.02% 13 0.85% 4 0.26% -784 -51.14% 1,533
Humphreys 1,126 29.90% 2,592 68.83% 27 0.72% 21 0.56% -1,466 -38.93% 3,766
Jackson 1,049 39.80% 1,539 58.38% 10 0.38% 38 1.44% -490 -18.59% 2,636
Jefferson 6,141 78.79% 1,620 20.79% 28 0.36% 5 0.06% 4,521 58.01% 7,794
Johnson 3,854 86.74% 571 12.85% 13 0.29% 5 0.11% 3,283 73.89% 4,443
Knox 50,811 61.00% 31,990 38.40% 413 0.50% 86 0.10% 18,821 22.59% 83,300
Lake 732 34.03% 1,346 62.58% 62 2.88% 11 0.51% -614 -28.54% 2,151
Lauderdale 1,322 27.36% 3,462 71.65% 48 0.99% 0 0.00% -2,140 -44.29% 4,832
Lawrence 5,709 53.66% 4,862 45.70% 47 0.44% 21 0.20% 847 7.96% 10,639
Lewis 580 25.09% 1,723 74.52% 4 0.17% 5 0.22% -1,143 -49.44% 2,312
Lincoln 1,428 22.53% 4,862 76.71% 30 0.47% 18 0.28% -3,434 -54.18% 6,338
Loudon 5,356 65.47% 2,722 33.27% 61 0.75% 42 0.51% 2,634 32.20% 8,181
Macon 2,829 74.80% 915 24.19% 38 1.00% 0 0.00% 1,914 50.61% 3,782
Madison 8,863 50.09% 8,083 45.68% 717 4.05% 30 0.17% 780 4.41% 17,693
Marion 2,657 45.30% 3,124 53.27% 76 1.30% 8 0.14% -467 -7.96% 5,865
Marshall 1,717 31.87% 3,625 67.29% 38 0.71% 7 0.13% -1,908 -35.42% 5,387
Maury 4,133 37.99% 6,615 60.81% 113 1.04% 18 0.17% -2,482 -22.81% 10,879
McMinn 6,586 61.17% 4,111 38.18% 70 0.65% 0 0.00% 2,475 22.99% 10,767
McNairy 3,310 59.15% 2,173 38.83% 93 1.66% 20 0.36% 1,137 20.32% 5,596
Meigs 901 56.14% 691 43.05% 7 0.44% 6 0.37% 210 13.08% 1,605
Monroe 4,991 59.05% 3,375 39.93% 36 0.43% 50 0.59% 1,616 19.12% 8,452
Montgomery 2,550 24.83% 7,635 74.34% 61 0.59% 24 0.23% -5,085 -49.51% 10,270
Moore 313 26.37% 863 72.70% 9 0.76% 2 0.17% -550 -46.34% 1,187
Morgan 2,241 58.13% 1,576 40.88% 38 0.99% 0 0.00% 665 17.25% 3,855
Obion 3,800 46.36% 4,244 51.78% 122 1.49% 30 0.37% -444 -5.42% 8,196
Overton 1,831 43.06% 2,389 56.19% 23 0.54% 9 0.21% -558 -13.12% 4,252
Perry 645 37.13% 1,076 61.95% 8 0.46% 8 0.46% -431 -24.81% 1,737
Pickett 1,154 67.05% 567 32.95% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 587 34.11% 1,721
Polk 2,187 58.30% 1,532 40.84% 23 0.61% 9 0.24% 655 17.46% 3,751
Putnam 4,240 48.65% 4,443 50.98% 32 0.37% 0 0.00% -203 -2.33% 8,715
Rhea 2,721 59.78% 1,761 38.69% 52 1.14% 18 0.40% 960 21.09% 4,552
Roane 6,540 56.25% 4,953 42.60% 108 0.93% 25 0.22% 1,587 13.65% 11,626
Robertson 1,776 30.15% 4,053 68.80% 46 0.78% 16 0.27% -2,277 -38.65% 5,891
Rutherford 4,526 40.95% 6,410 58.00% 91 0.82% 25 0.23% -1,884 -17.05% 11,052
Scott 3,301 74.84% 1,098 24.89% 3 0.07% 9 0.20% 2,203 49.94% 4,411
Sequatchie 703 42.48% 930 56.19% 18 1.09% 4 0.24% -227 -13.72% 1,655
Sevier 7,818 85.05% 1,341 14.59% 27 0.29% 6 0.07% 6,477 70.46% 9,192
Shelby 87,191 49.37% 86,270 48.85% 2,956 1.67% 190 0.11% 921 0.52% 176,607
Smith 1,601 39.43% 2,411 59.38% 36 0.89% 12 0.30% -810 -19.95% 4,060
Stewart 539 22.59% 1,810 75.86% 31 1.30% 6 0.25% -1,271 -53.27% 2,386
Sullivan 22,354 59.46% 14,731 39.18% 139 0.37% 374 0.99% 7,623 20.28% 37,598
Sumner 3,491 34.02% 6,687 65.17% 58 0.57% 25 0.24% -3,196 -31.15% 10,261
Tipton 1,829 30.91% 3,853 65.12% 211 3.57% 24 0.41% -2,024 -34.21% 5,917
Trousdale 308 22.71% 1,036 76.40% 9 0.66% 3 0.22% -728 -53.69% 1,356
Unicoi 4,004 75.04% 1,322 24.78% 7 0.13% 3 0.06% 2,682 50.26% 5,336
Union 2,082 75.63% 652 23.68% 11 0.40% 8 0.29% 1,430 51.94% 2,753
Van Buren 401 40.30% 577 57.99% 7 0.70% 10 1.01% -176 -17.69% 995
Warren 2,682 45.92% 3,119 53.40% 32 0.55% 8 0.14% -437 -7.48% 5,841
Washington 14,851 69.93% 6,283 29.59% 63 0.30% 39 0.18% 8,568 40.35% 21,236
Wayne 2,912 75.21% 931 24.04% 17 0.44% 12 0.31% 1,981 51.16% 3,872
Weakley 3,543 43.69% 4,488 55.35% 78 0.96% 0 0.00% -945 -11.65% 8,109
White 1,725 43.15% 2,207 55.20% 35 0.88% 31 0.78% -482 -12.06% 3,998
Williamson 2,699 37.34% 4,471 61.86% 49 0.68% 9 0.12% -1,772 -24.52% 7,228
Wilson 3,383 40.77% 4,857 58.54% 49 0.59% 8 0.10% -1,474 -17.77% 8,297
Totals 556,577 52.92% 481,453 45.77% 11,304 1.07% 2,458 0.23% 75,124 7.14% 1,051,792

Analysis

Tennessee was, despite unclear predictions before the election, comfortably won by Nixon and United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., with 52.92 percent of the popular vote. Kennedy and running mate Texas Senator Lyndon B. Johnson won 45.77 percent of the popular vote.[21][22]

Nixon was the first losing Republican to win Tennessee, and the only one until John McCain in 2008. Kennedy was the first Democrat to win without the state since 1852. Nixon’s win was due to general gains due to the strong anti-Catholicism of this “Bible Belt” state.[23] Unlike Herbert Hoover’s 1928 victory against previous Catholic nominee Al Smith, Nixon also made strong gains amongst white voters of the Black Belt who had deserted the Democrats since Harry S. Truman’s first civil rights proclamations.[24]

Nixon was the first-ever Republican victor in Dyer County, the first to carry Madison County since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868, the first GOP candidate to win heavily Dixiecrat Fayette County since James G. Blaine in 1884, and the first to carry Clay County, Crockett County and Decatur County since Warren G. Harding in 1920.[25]

References

  1. ^ "United States Presidential election of 1960 – Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  2. ^ "1960 Election for the Forty-Fourth Term (1961-65)". Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  3. ^ Wright, John K. (October 1932). "Voting Habits in the United States: A Note on Two Maps". Geographical Review. 22 (4): 666–672. doi:10.2307/208821. JSTOR 208821.
  4. ^ Key (Jr.), Valdimer Orlando; Southern Politics in State and Nation (New York, 1949), pp. 282-283
  5. ^ Lyons, William; Scheb (II), John M.; Stair, Billy (2001). Government and Politics in Tennessee. pp. 183–184. ISBN 1572331410.
  6. ^ Grantham, Dewey W. (Fall 1995). "Tennessee and Twentieth-Century American Politics". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 54 (3): 210–229.
  7. ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 208, 210 ISBN 9780691163246
  8. ^ Reichard, Gary W. (February 1970). "The Aberration of 1920: An Analysis of Harding's Victory in Tennessee". The Journal of Southern History. 36 (1): 33–49. doi:10.2307/2206601. JSTOR 2206601.
  9. ^ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 287
  10. ^ Majors, William R. (1986). Change and continuity: Tennessee politics since the Civil War. p. 72. ISBN 9780865542099.
  11. ^ Vile, John R.; Byrnes, Mark Eaton, eds. (1998). Tennessee government and politics: democracy in the volunteer state. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0826513093.
  12. ^ Strong, Donald S. (August 1955). "The Presidential Election in the South, 1952". The Journal of Politics. The University of Chicago Press. 17 (3): 343–389. doi:10.1017/S0022381600091064. S2CID 154634842.
  13. ^ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 221
  14. ^ a b Scott, Gavin (October 9, 1960). "Both received Warm Welcomes: Many Sized Up Kennedy, Nixon on Tennessee Visits". The Knoxville News-Sentinel. p. A-6.
  15. ^ Hoffman, Fred S. (October 3, 1960). "How Election Looks Today". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia. pp. 1, 3.
  16. ^ "Populous States Are Key: Both Parties Claim Enough Votes To Win". Knoxville News Sentinel. Knoxville, Tennessee. October 23, 1960. p. A-4.
  17. ^ Lewis, Ted (October 28, 1960). "Campaign Circus". Daily News. Jersey City, New Jersey. p. 4C.
  18. ^ "Poll of Editors Predicts Victory for Nixon—Lodge: Republican Ticket Seen Winning in 28 States and Democrats in 19". The Daily Evening Item. November 4, 1960. p. 3.
  19. ^ ""Poll of Polls" Sums Up Major Opinion Surveys". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. November 6, 1960. p. 27.
  20. ^ "TN US President, November 08, 1960". Our Campaigns.
  21. ^ "1960 Presidential General Election Results – Tennessee". Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  22. ^ "The American Presidency Project – Election of 1960". Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  23. ^ Larson, Edward J. (October 3, 2006). Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate over Science and Religion. ISBN 9780465075102.
  24. ^ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 357-361
  25. ^ Menendez, Albert J. (2005). The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004. pp. 298–303. ISBN 0786422173.
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