1933 in literature

In poetry: 1930; 1931; 1932; 1933; 1934; 1935; 1936

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1933.

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Books represent humanity at its best and its worst. To burn books is simply a fundamental repression of ideas. I mean, what can a book do? And why is it so dangerous that it needs to be physically annihilated? In 1933, the National Socialist German Workers Party, called the Nazis for short, came to power in Germany and established a dictatorship under the leadership of Adolf Hitler. The Nazis intended to re-arm Germany and to reorganize the German state on the principle that the German ethnic group or race was superior to all others in Europe. They suppressed all dissent within Germany, making it a crime to criticize the regime. The newly established Ministry of Propaganda and Enlightenment set up various chambers to control specific aspects of German culture such as art, literature, theater, film, music, virtually all forms of entertainment and all forms of dissemination of news. In 1933, in April, Nazi German students decided to organize a nationwide book burning program to eliminate foreign influence, to purify German culture as they saw it. So you have committees of students meeting with professors together deciding what categories of books in these university libraries would count as un-German. They didn't see themselves as suppressing culture. They saw themselves as advancing Aryan German culture. I remember very distinctly a conversation between my parents and some friends who were all shocked that a nation like the Germans, an educated, highly intelligent nation, would burn books. Books never hurt anybody. The event that the students planned occurred on May 10, 1933. In each German university city, thirty-four of them in all, thousands of people gathered together at a public place in which books that had been confiscated either by the students themselves or by Nazi Party officials, often with the help of police, were brought and dumped in a pile. Student leaders exhorted their followers and the listening crowds to swear an oath by the fire, to destroy and combat subversive and un-German literature. "For the national treason against our soldiers in World War I, we're burning Hemingway's books." --Joseph Goebbels, the Propaganda Minister himself spoke at the book burning in Berlin. It is amazing to me the variety of books that was burned on that night and thereafter. -Among the authors whose books were burned were Ernest Hemingway...both Mann brothers, Thomas and Heinrich... --There's the German writer, Erich Maria Remarque, who wrote the famous book All Quiet on the Western Front... Helen Keller... Jack London, the American nature writer... There's very little that unites all of these books really except that they were all considered dangerous by the Nazis. A grand total of the number of volumes, perhaps best estimates would be between eighty or ninety thousand volumes. For weeks afterwards, books were confiscated from libraries, from bookshops, and from private collections. In 1939, the Nazi regime initiated what became the Second World War. During the course of this war, the Nazis begin to implement their population policy, a priority element of which was the annihilation of six million Jews on the European continent in a mass murder, a genocide that we now call the Holocaust. I was about 11 when i read the diary of Anne Frank. And it was translated into Persian. Reading about Anne Frank and millions of other Iranians reading Anne Frank, they discover that they are that little girl. And that what happened to that little girl was a supreme act of injustice. And so they connect to her in away that no political sermon, or propaganda could affect. The first thing every totalitarian regime does, along with confiscation and mutilation of reality, is confiscation of history and confiscation of culture. I think they all happen, almost simultaneously. And they surely happened in my experience when I was living in Iran. For me it's both heartbreaking and, quote unquote, a sort of badge of honor that my book is not allowed to be published in Iran. It has been translated into thirty-five languages and not in Persian. Really all literature is dangerous to a regime that fears the free flow of ideas. Because the literature in its most fundamental way is meant to forge connections among human beings. --Because you don't know where it takes you. Knowledge is always unpredictable, there is always a risk. It is like Alice jumping down that hole, running after that white rabbit, not knowing where she goes. And for tyrants, control is the main thing. They don't like this unpredictability, they don't want the citizens to connect to the unknown parts of themselves, of their past, and to connect to the world. --For a totalitarian regime this is perhaps the most dangerous thing. Because these regimes are predicated on the idea that the people within them will resign themselves the thinking that this is all there is. And that there aren't any other options. I think the shame is ours, is everyone's. We all have to think that as humans we share the best and worst, and that as human beings what happened then can happen again. --How serious those warning signs were taken is exemplified by my mother, who, when I asked her if we had to worry about a guy like Hitler, she said, "No. We are living in a democracy. We have the protection of the police. Nobody's going to hurt us." So talk about warning signs, there were plenty of them. Did w Did we take them seriously? My family didn't. Never believed that Germans would stoop so low that they would implement the threats which one fanatic uttered... And so, our own life went from bad to worse and it culminated in July of 1942, when we were arrested and sent to a concentration camp. To make this clear, it was a life without hope. The only thing that they cannot put in jail, or prevent from physically leaving, is your mind, is your imagination. That cannot be captured. But the idea of freedom should be kept alive, even if it's between two people or three people. Talk about it, think about it, live about it, and hope about it.

Events

February – Having joined the Japanese Communist Party, the Chinese novelist Hu Feng is arrested and "badly beaten" in Tokyo for his protests against imperialism. Returning to the Republic of China as a popular hero, he is nevertheless prevented from joining the Chinese Communist Party by a rival, Zhou Yang.^[1]
February 17 – The magazine News-Week is published for the first time in New York.
March 8 – Première of Federico García Lorca's play Blood Wedding (Bodas de Sangre) is held at the Teatro Beatriz in Madrid.
April 23 – Millosh Gjergj Nikolla is appointed schoolteacher among the Serbs of Vraka, Kingdom of Albania. The next two years bring his creative period as a short story writer, describing his sense of despair at being isolated in a backward region.^[2]

May – Nazi book burnings take place in Germany by the German Student Union, principally of works by Jewish intellectuals, leading to an Exilliteratur. Although his novels are spared (unlike those of his brother Heinrich Mann), Thomas Mann settles in Switzerland. Lion Feuchtwanger, on a lecture tour of the United States in January, has decided not to return to Germany; Bertolt Brecht has moved to Prague in February; and Alfred Döblin to Switzerland in March.
May 16–17 – In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin orders the NKVD to "preserve but isolate" Osip Mandelstam, after having been informed of the "Stalin Epigram"; Mandelstam is then arrested. A protest by literary figures, including Anna Akhmatova and Boris Pasternak, prompts Stalin to declare that he might "review the case" (he never will). His admiration for Pasternak as a poetic genius is strengthened when the latter asks for a private meeting to discuss "life and death" — although he never grants it, he instructs the NKVD to "leave that cloud-dweller [Pasternak] alone".^[3]
June
- W. H. Auden has his "Vision of Agape".^[4]
- Robert Walser, under treatment for schizophrenia since 1929, is placed in a sanatorium in Herisau, Switzerland. This ends his work as a writer, though he will live until 1956.^[5]
July – Poedjangga Baroe, the Indonesian avant-garde literary magazine, is first published, by Armijn Pane, Amir Hamzah and Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana.
October (approximate) – The name Inklings, previously used by a disbanded undergraduate group, is taken by an informal literary discussion group of University of Oxford academics, including C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien.^[6]
October 8 – The General Union of Roma in Romania is set up by writer Gheorghe A. Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică, with Grigoraș Dinicu as honorary president; by 1934, it publishes the Romani-language newspaper O Ròm, and books of Romani mythology, edited by Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor.^[7]
November 7 – Premiere of Samuil Lehtțir's Biruința (Victory), at Tiraspol's State Theater; it is the first local play to have been produced within the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.^[8]
December
- Codex Sinaiticus sold by the Soviet Union to the British Museum Library through the agency of Maggs Bros Ltd at a price of £100,000, the highest ever paid for a book at this time.
- Raymond Chandler's first short story, the detective fiction "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", is published in the magazine Black Mask in the United States.
December 6 – In United States v. One Book Called Ulysses, U.S. District Judge John M. Woolsey rules that James Joyce's novel Ulysses is not as a whole pornographic and therefore cannot not be obscene.^[9]

New books

Poetry

Edwin James Brady – Wardens of the Seas
Benjamin Fondane – Ulysse
Mascha Kaléko – Das Lyrische Stenogrammheft: Verse vom Alltag
Osip Mandelstam – "Stalin Epigram"
Vita Sackville-West – Collected Poems
Filip Shiroka – Zâni i zêmrës
J. Slauerhoff – Soleares
W. B. Yeats – The Winding Stair and Other Poems

Non-fiction

Vera Brittain – Testament of Youth
Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud – Warum Krieg?
Benjamin Fondane – Rimbaud le voyou
Ionel Gherea – Le Moi el le monde. Essai d'une cosmogonie anthropomorphique (The Self and the World. An Essay in Anthropomorphic Cosmogony)
Carl Jung – Modern Man in Search of a Soul
Agnes Mure Mackenzie – An Historical Survey of Scottish Literature to 1714
George Orwell – Down and Out in Paris and London
Wilhelm Reich – The Mass Psychology of Fascism (Die Massenpsychologie des Faschismus)
Upton Sinclair – Upton Sinclair Presents William Fox
Muiris Ó Súilleabháin (Maurice O'Sullivan) – Fiche Bliain ag Fás (Twenty Years a-Growing)
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (谷崎潤一郎) – In Praise of Shadows (陰翳礼讃, essay on aesthetics)

Births

January 1 – Joe Orton, English playwright (murdered 1967)
January 2 – Seiichi Morimura (森村誠一), Japanese author
January 4 – Phyllis Reynolds Naylor, American children's and adult novelist
January 9 – Wilbur Smith, South African historical novelist (died 2021)^[11]
January 13 – Shahnon Ahmad, Malaysian writer and politician (died 2017)
January 16 – Susan Sontag (Susan Rosenblatt), American novelist (died 2004)^[12]
January 25 – Alden Nowlan, Canadian poet and novelist (died 1983)
February 1 – Reynolds Price, American novelist and literary scholar (died 2011)
February 5 – B. S. Johnson, English novelist (died 1973)
February 12 – Costa-Gavras (Konstantinos Gavras), Greek-French film director and writer^[13]
February 20 – Zamenga Batukezanga, Congolese francophone writer and philanthropist (died 2000)
February 22 – Christopher Ondaatje, Ceylonese-born English travel writer, biographer and philanthropist^[14]
February 27 – Edward Lucie-Smith, Jamaican-born English writer, critic and broadcaster
March 17 – Penelope Lively (Penelope Low), Egyptian-born English novelist^[15]
March 18 – Sergio Pitol, Mexican fiction writer, translator and diplomat (died 2018)
March 19 – Philip Roth, American novelist (died 2018)^[16]
April 2 – György Konrád, Hungarian novelist, essayist, political dissident and President of PEN International (died 2019)^[17]
April 7 – Cong Weixi, Chinese author (died 2019)
April 14 – Boris Strugatsky, Russian sci-fi writer (died 2012)^[18]
April 24 – Patricia Bosworth, American writer/biographer (died 2020)^[19]
May 9 – Jessica Steele, English romance novelist (died 2020)
May 10 – Barbara Taylor Bradford (Barbara Taylor), English-born American novelist^[20]
May 12 – Stephen Vizinczey, Hungarian-born writer (died 2021)^[21]
May 22 – Arnold Lobel, American children's writer and illustrator (died 1987)
May 29
- Abdul Rahman Munif, Arab writer (died 2004)
- Edward Whittemore, American novelist (died 1995)
June 9 – Vicente Leñero, Mexican novelist and playwright (died 2014)
June 11 – Martti Soosaar, Estonian journalist and author (died 2017)
June 20 – Claire Tomalin (Claire Delavenay), English journalist and biographer
June 25 – James Meredith, African-American civil rights activist, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran
June 30 – Mauricio Rosencof, Uruguayan playwright, poet and journalist
July 2 – John Antrobus, English playwright and scriptwriter
July 4 – David Littman, English historian (died 2012)
July 10 – Kevin Gilbert, Australian writer and artist (died 1993)
July 13 – David Storey, English novelist and playwright (died 2017)
July 14 – Solange Fasquelle, French novelist (died 2016)
July 15 – M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian novelist^[22]
July 20 – Cormac McCarthy, American novelist, playwright and screenwriter (died 2023)
July 21
- John Gardner, American novelist (died 1982)
- Brigitte Reimann, German novelist (died 1973)
August 1 – Ko Un (Ko Untae), South Korean poet
August 7 – Jerry Pournelle, American science fiction writer (died 2017)^[23]
August 9 – M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian Malayalam-language writer
August 13 – Madhur Jaffrey, Indian actress and food writer^[24]
August 16 – Tom Maschler, Austrian-born English literary publisher (died 2020)^[25]
September 9 – Michael Novak, American philosopher and author (died 2017)
September 19 – Gilles Archambault, French Canadian novelist
September 27 – Paul Goble, English-American author and illustrator (died 2017)
October 11 – David Daniels, American visual poet (died 2008)
October 21 – Maureen Duffy, English poet, playwright, author and activist^[26]
October 24 – Norman Rush, American writer
November 1
- Viačasłaŭ Adamčyk, Belarusian journalist, writer, playwright and screenwriter (died 2001)
- Samir Roychoudhury, Indian Bengali poet, philosopher of the Hungry generation (died 2016)
- Huub Oosterhuis, Dutch poet, theologian and liturgy reformer
November 13 – Peter Härtling, German novelist and poet (died 2017)
November 23 – Daniel Chavarría, Uruguayan writer and translator (died 2018)
December 2 – Kent Andersson, Swedish dramatist (died 2005)
December 22 – Jim Barnes, Native American poet and translator^[27]
December 31 – Edward Bunker, American crime novelist (died 2005)

Deaths

January 11 – Hugo Zöller, German explorer and journalist (born 1852)^[28]
January 21 – George Moore, Irish poet and novelist (born 1852)
January 29 – Sara Teasdale, American poet (born 1884; suicide)^[29]
January 31 – John Galsworthy, English novelist and dramatist (born 1867)^[30]
February 20 – Takiji Kobayashi (小林多喜二), Japanese writer (born 1903)
April 5 – Earl Derr Biggers, American novelist and playwright (heart attack, born 1884)
April 19 – E. W. Hobson, English writer on mathematics (born 1856)
April 24 – Janet Milne Rae, Scottish novelist (born 1844)^[31]
April 29 – Constantine Cavafy, Greek Alexandrine poet (born 1863)
April 30 – Anna de Noailles, French writer (born 1876)
May 26 – Horatio Bottomley, English journalist and fraudster (born 1860)^[32]
June 7 – Dragutin Domjanić, Croatian poet (born 1875)
July 8 – Anthony Hope (Anthony Hope Hawkins), English adventure novelist (born 1863)^[33]
August 12 – Alexandru Philippide, Romanian linguist and polemicist (atherosclerosis, born 1859)
September 20 – Annie Besant, English Theosophist writer (born 1847)^[34]
September 23 – György Almásy, Hungarian travel writer (born 1867)
September 25
- Ring Lardner, American writer (born 1885)
- Pascal Poirier, Canadian historian (born 1852)
October 30 – Herminie Templeton Kavanagh, Anglo-Irish-American short story writer (born 1861?)
November 12 – F. Holland Day, American publisher (born 1864)
November 20 – Augustine Birrell, English politician and author (born 1850)
November 28 – Minnie Earl Sears, American librarian (born 1873)
November 30 – Annie Armitt, English novelist and poet (born 1850)^[35]
December 4 – Stefan George, German poet and translator (born 1868)
December 27 – Georgina Castle Smith (pseudonym Brenda), English children's writer (born 1845)
date unknown – Jennie M. Bingham, American author (born 1859)

Awards

James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: A. G. Macdonell, England, Their England
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Violet Clifton, The Book of Talbot
Newbery Medal for children's literature: Elizabeth Foreman Lewis, Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze
Nobel Prize for literature: Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Maxwell Anderson, Both Your Houses
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Archibald MacLeish, Conquistador
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: T. S. Stribling, The Store

References

^ Denton, Kirk A. (1998). The Problematic of Self in Modern Chinese Literature: Hu Feng and Lu Ling. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 81–82. ISBN 0-8047-3128-4. OCLC 37713016.
^ Elsie, Robert (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. London & New York: I. B. Tauris. p. 308. ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3.
^ Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2004). Stalin. The Court of the Red Tsar. London: Phoenix. pp. 135–137. ISBN 0-75381-766-7.
^ Preface to his anthology The Protestant Mystics (1964).
^ Heffernan, Valerie (1998). Provocation from the Periphery: Robert Walser Re-examined. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-3-8260-3264-6.
^ Colin Duriez (20 February 2015). The Oxford Inklings: Lewis, Tolkien and their circle. Lion Books. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-7459-5792-0.
^ Achim, Viorel (2007). The Roma in Romanian History. Budapest & New York: CEU Press. pp. 154–157. ISBN 978-963-9241-84-8.
^ Colesnic, Iurie (2014-06-23). "Prima piesă montată pe scena tiraspoleană a fost a unui basarabean". Timpul. Chișinău.
^ 5 F.Supp. 182 (S.D.N.Y. 1933).
^ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
^ Agence France-Presse (2021-11-14). "The Guardian". Bestselling author Wilbur Smith dies aged 88.
^ Homberger, Eric (29 December 2004). "Susan Sontag obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
^ Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: the ultimate go -to guide for special days, weeks and months. Bernan Press. 2018. p. 127. ISBN 9781641432641.
^ Charles Whately Parker; Charles Wolcott Parker; Barnet M. Greene (2000). Who's who in Canada. International Press. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-7715-7726-0.
^ Mary Hurley Moran (1993). Penelope Lively. Twayne Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8057-7028-5.
^ Sanford Pinsker; Professor Sanford Pinsker, B.A., PH.D. (1991). The Schlemiel as Metaphor: Studies in Yiddish and American Jewish Fiction. SIU Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-8093-1581-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ George Gomori (7 October 2019). "György Konrád obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
^ Miriam Elder (20 November 2012). "Boris Strugatsky: Russia mourns death of sci-fi writer – even Vladimir Putin". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
^ Elsa Dixler (April 16, 2020). "Patricia Bosworth, actress-turned-author, dies at 86". New York Times. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
^ Mote, Dave, ed. (1997). Contemporary Popular Writers. St. James Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-55862-216-6.
^ Ratcliffe, Michael (2021-08-29). "Stephen Vizinczey obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
^ ലേഖകൻ, മാധ്യമം (2021-07-29). "എം.ടിക്ക് ഇന്ന് പിറന്നാൾ | Madhyamam". www.madhyamam.com. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
^ Genzlinger, Neil (September 15, 2017). "Jerry Pournelle, Science Fiction Novelist and Computer Guide, Dies at 84". The New York Times. Retrieved September 1, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
^ Screen International Film and TV Year Book. Screen International, King Publications Limited. 1992. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-900925-21-4.
^ Thomson, Liz (16 October 2020). "Tom Maschler obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
^ "Maureen Duffy". www.bl.uk. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^ Contemporary Authors: A Bio-bibliographical Guide to Current Writers in Fiction, General Nonfiction, Poetry, Journalism, Drama, Motion Pictures, Television and Other Fields. Gale Research Company. 1999. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-7876-2670-9.
^ The New International Year Book. Dodd, Mead and Company. 1934. p. 587.
^ "Sara Teasdale (1884-1933)". Retrieved 2009-04-22.
^ James Gindin (18 June 1987). John Galsworthy's Life and Art: An Alien's Fortress. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-349-08530-9.
^ "British Women Writers of Fiction". Furrowed Middlebrow. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
^ Hyman, Alan (1972). The Rise and Fall of Horatio Bottomley. Littlehampton, West Sussex: Cassell & Co. pp. 289–90. ISBN 0-304-29023-8.
^ Obituary in The Times, 10 July 1933, p. 16
^ "Dr. Annie Besant". Sydney Morning Herald. 22 September 1933. p. 12 – via Google News Archive.
^ Cumbria. Dalesman Publishing Company. 1959. p. 444.

This page was last edited on 12 December 2023, at 22:34

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