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1920 United States presidential election in Alabama

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1920 United States presidential election in Alabama

← 1916 November 2, 1920 1924 →
 
Nominee James M. Cox Warren G. Harding
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Ohio Ohio
Running mate Franklin D. Roosevelt Calvin Coolidge
Electoral vote 12 0
Popular vote 160,560[a] 96,589[b]
Percentage 61.68% 31.37%

County Results

President before election

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

Elected President

Warren G. Harding
Republican

The 1920 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 general election, in which all 48 states participated. Alabama voters chose twelve electors to represent them in the Electoral College via popular vote pitting Democratic nominee James M. Cox and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge.

Since the 1890s, Alabama had been effectively a one-party state ruled by the Democratic Party. Disenfranchisement of almost all African-Americans and a large proportion of poor whites via poll taxes, literacy tests[2] and extralegal violence[3] had essentially eliminated opposition parties outside of Unionist Winston County and a few nearby northern hill counties that had been Populist strongholds.[4] The only competitive statewide elections became Democratic Party primaries that were limited by law to white voters.

Unlike the other Deep South states, however, soon after black disenfranchisement Alabama’s white Republicans made rapid efforts to expel blacks from the state Republican Party.[5] For the 1904 Convention, President Theodore Roosevelt rejected this proposal, unlike in North Carolina where he acquiesced without opposition to the demands of Jeter Connelly Pritchard.[5] Nevertheless, under Oscar D. Street, who ironically was appointed state party boss as part of the pro-Taft “black and tan” faction in 1912,[6] the state GOP would turn completely “lily-white”, with 1920 seeing the final black delegates at any Republican National Convention.[5]

After having doubled their representation in the state legislature from three to six in 1918 the now lily-white Alabama Republican Party would make substantial efforts to break the stranglehold of the Democrats in state politics. Isolationism in Appalachian North Alabama would substantially affect this election,[7] as the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, opposition to outgoing President Woodrow Wilson’s interventionism in Europe, and major labor disputes in coal mining that were unresolved at the time of the election and would affect the results of Democratic nominee James M. Cox and other Democrats in the less partisan north.[8]

The result of this was that the Republican candidates Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding and Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge were able to make substantial gains, although Cox and running mate Franklin D. Roosevelt still won the election in Alabama with over 61 percent of the vote. Nonetheless, Harding managed to carry nine counties as against only Union holdout Winston County, Populist stronghold Chilton County and urbanized Shelby County carried by Hughes in 1916, with his most pronounced triumph being in DeKalb County, where he was the first Republican to win since the 1872 Presidential Election. Despite wants to make seat inroads not coming into fruition, the Republicans used Appalachian isolationism and the call for “return to normalcy” to come within ten percent of winning the 4th, 7th and 10th congressional districts.[7]

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Transcription

Results

1920 United States presidential election in Alabama[c][9]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic James M. Cox Franklin D. Roosevelt 160,560[a] 61.68% 12
Republican Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge 96,589[b] 37.11% 0
Socialist Eugene V. Debs Seymour Stedman 2,369 1.00% 0
Prohibition Aaron S. Watkins D. Leigh Colvin 748 0.32% 0
Totals 260,266 100.00% 12
Voter turnout (Voting age) 20.3%[10]

Results by county

1920 United States presidential election in Alabama by county[1]
County James M. Cox
Democratic
Warren G. Harding
Republican
Eugene V. Debs
Socialist
Aaron S. Watkins
Prohibition
Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # %
Autauga 918 80.60% 210 18.44% 7 0.61% 4 0.35% 708 62.16% 1,139
Baldwin 1,230 63.50% 556 28.70% 134 6.92% 17 0.88% 674 34.80% 1,937
Barbour 1,568 87.79% 203 11.37% 13 0.73% 2 0.11% 1,365 76.43% 1,786
Bibb 1,643 76.49% 364 16.95% 136 6.33% 5 0.23% 1,279 59.54% 2,148
Blount 3,535 50.14% 3,465 49.15% 45 0.64% 5 0.07% 70 0.99% 7,050
Bullock 877 99.66% 2 0.23% 0 0.00% 1 0.11% 875 99.43% 880
Butler 1,299 88.31% 153 10.40% 12 0.82% 7 0.48% 1,146 77.91% 1,471
Calhoun 3,423 74.40% 1,139 24.76% 22 0.48% 17 0.37% 2,284 49.64% 4,601
Chambers 1,994 85.58% 322 13.82% 8 0.34% 6 0.26% 1,672 71.76% 2,330
Cherokee 1,969 54.65% 1,576 43.74% 58 1.61% 0 0.00% 393 10.91% 3,603
Chilton 962 29.25% 2,273 69.11% 48 1.46% 6 0.18% -1,311 -39.86% 3,289
Choctaw 1,071 92.65% 82 7.09% 3 0.26% 0 0.00% 989 85.55% 1,156
Clarke 1,253 96.24% 43 3.30% 1 0.08% 5 0.38% 1,210 92.93% 1,302
Clay 2,165 50.34% 2,133 49.59% 2 0.05% 1 0.02% 32 0.74% 4,301
Cleburne 684 41.28% 971 58.60% 2 0.12% 0 0.00% -287 -17.32% 1,657
Coffee 1,721 71.47% 673 27.95% 4 0.17% 10 0.42% 1,048 43.52% 2,408
Colbert 1,869 72.41% 650 25.18% 62 2.40% 0 0.00% 1,219 47.23% 2,581
Conecuh 1,315 87.43% 189 12.57% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1,126 74.87% 1,504
Coosa 1,007 57.09% 741 42.01% 14 0.79% 2 0.11% 266 15.08% 1,764
Covington 2,039 76.83% 548 20.65% 64 2.41% 3 0.11% 1,491 56.18% 2,654
Crenshaw 1,411 81.61% 310 17.93% 4 0.23% 4 0.23% 1,101 63.68% 1,729
Cullman 2,566 42.06% 3,492 57.24% 37 0.61% 6 0.10% -926 -15.18% 6,101
Dale 1,386 63.72% 768 35.31% 5 0.23% 16 0.74% 618 28.41% 2,175
Dallas 2,702 97.19% 78 2.81% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2,624 94.39% 2,780
DeKalb 3,894 44.28% 4,852 55.17% 46 0.52% 3 0.03% -958 -10.89% 8,795
Elmore 1,762 83.07% 353 16.64% 2 0.09% 4 0.19% 1,409 66.43% 2,121
Escambia 1,455 88.88% 178 10.87% 2 0.12% 2 0.12% 1,277 78.01% 1,637
Etowah 5,917 64.05% 3,218 34.83% 100 1.08% 3 0.03% 2,699 29.22% 9,238
Fayette 1,413 42.70% 1,865 56.36% 15 0.45% 16 0.48% -452 -13.66% 3,309
Franklin 2,094 41.15% 2,930 57.58% 64 1.26% 1 0.02% -836 -16.43% 5,089
Geneva 1,488 56.97% 1,088 41.65% 24 0.92% 12 0.46% 400 15.31% 2,612
Greene 520 97.93% 10 1.88% 0 0.00% 1 0.19% 510 96.05% 531
Hale 953 97.74% 18 1.85% 0 0.00% 4 0.41% 935 95.90% 975
Henry 715 59.34% 489 40.58% 1 0.08% 0 0.00% 226 18.76% 1,205
Houston 2,045 77.00% 571 21.50% 31 1.17% 9 0.34% 1,474 55.50% 2,656
Jackson 2,513 62.62% 1,483 36.95% 9 0.22% 8 0.20% 1,030 25.67% 4,013
Jefferson 24,982 75.84% 7,124 21.63% 555 1.68% 278 0.84% 17,858 54.22% 32,939
Lamar 1,628 73.33% 576 25.95% 6 0.27% 10 0.45% 1,052 47.39% 2,220
Lauderdale 2,644 68.32% 1,164 30.08% 56 1.45% 6 0.16% 1,480 38.24% 3,870
Lawrence 935 52.47% 831 46.63% 10 0.56% 6 0.34% 104 5.84% 1,782
Lee 1,620 85.58% 155 8.19% 111 5.86% 7 0.37% 1,465 77.39% 1,893
Limestone 1,812 85.71% 285 13.48% 14 0.66% 3 0.14% 1,527 72.23% 2,114
Lowndes 727 99.18% 6 0.82% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 721 98.36% 733
Macon 693 91.30% 64 8.43% 2 0.26% 0 0.00% 629 82.87% 759
Madison 2,822 84.49% 489 14.64% 24 0.72% 5 0.15% 2,333 69.85% 3,340
Marengo 1,370 97.03% 42 2.97% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1,328 94.05% 1,412
Marion 2,461 56.85% 1,865 43.08% 3 0.07% 0 0.00% 596 13.77% 4,329
Marshall 4,041 50.78% 3,879 48.74% 36 0.45% 2 0.03% 162 2.04% 7,958
Mobile 6,171 68.39% 2,681 29.71% 133 1.47% 38 0.42% 3,490 38.68% 9,023
Monroe 1,295 97.52% 20 1.51% 6 0.45% 7 0.53% 1,275 96.01% 1,328
Montgomery 6,411 94.63% 314 4.63% 32 0.47% 18 0.27% 6,097 89.99% 6,775
Morgan 4,057 76.13% 1,201 22.54% 50 0.94% 21 0.39% 2,856 53.59% 5,329
Perry 1,195 96.14% 34 2.74% 13 1.05% 1 0.08% 1,161 93.40% 1,243
Pickens 1,419 83.37% 263 15.45% 17 1.00% 3 0.18% 1,156 67.92% 1,702
Pike 1,586 88.01% 204 11.32% 3 0.17% 9 0.50% 1,382 76.69% 1,802
Randolph 1,357 54.74% 1,113 44.90% 8 0.32% 1 0.04% 244 9.84% 2,479
Russell 671 89.71% 29 3.88% 45 6.02% 3 0.40% 626[d] 83.69% 748
St. Clair 1,934 41.56% 2,561 55.04% 47 1.01% 111 2.39% -627 -13.48% 4,653
Shelby 2,523 43.64% 3,235 55.95% 13 0.22% 11 0.19% -712 -12.31% 5,782
Sumter 1,088 98.37% 15 1.36% 3 0.27% 0 0.00% 1,073 97.02% 1,106
Talladega 2,137 69.18% 931 30.14% 11 0.36% 10 0.32% 1,206 39.04% 3,089
Tallapoosa 2,257 88.44% 269 10.54% 24 0.94% 2 0.08% 1,988 77.90% 2,552
Tuscaloosa 3,438 86.91% 491 12.41% 16 0.40% 11 0.28% 2,947 74.49% 3,956
Walker 4,703 50.04% 4,488 47.75% 186 1.98% 22 0.23% 215 2.29% 9,399
Washington 575 86.73% 85 12.82% 3 0.45% 0 0.00% 490 73.91% 663
Wilcox 1,099 99.73% 2 0.18% 0 0.00% 1 0.09% 1,097 99.55% 1,102
Winston 1,037 31.01% 2,307 68.99% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% -1,270 -37.98% 3,344
Totals 160,560[a] 61.68% 96,589[b] 37.11% 2,402 0.92% 756 0.29% 63,971 24.58% 260,307

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c The county data used sum to 156,064, suggesting some votes not allocated by county.[1]
  2. ^ a b c The county data used sum to 74,719, suggesting some votes not allocated by county.[1]
  3. ^ Sources for the total state and county votes vary. All figures are for the highest elector for each slate.
  4. ^ In this county where Debs ran second ahead of Harding, margin given is Cox vote minus Debs vote and eprcentage margin Cox percentage minus Debs percentage.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Vote for Presidential Electors from State at Large, November 2, 1920". Alabama Official and Statistical Register. State of Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1923.
  2. ^ Perman, Michael (2001). Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. Introduction. ISBN 9780807849095.
  3. ^ Feldman, Glenn. The Disfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama. p. 157. ISBN 0820326151.
  4. ^ Webb, Samuel L. "From Independents to Populists to Progressive Republicans: The Case of Chilton County, Alabama, 1880-1920". The Journal of Southern History. 59 (4): 707–736.
  5. ^ a b c Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffery A. (2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. pp. 251–253. ISBN 9781107158436.
  6. ^ Casdorph, Paul D. (1981). Republicans, Negroes, and Progressives in the South, 1912-1916. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 70, 94–95. ISBN 0817300481.
  7. ^ a b Phillips, Kevin P. (1969). The Emerging Republican Majority. p. 255. ISBN 0870000586.
  8. ^ Rogers, William Warren (1994). Alabama: the history of a Deep South state. p. 419. ISBN 0817307141.
  9. ^ "1920 Presidential General Election Results – Alabama". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  10. ^ Gans, Curtis; Mulling, Matthew. Voter Turnout in the United States, 1788-2009. p. 383. ISBN 9781604265958.
This page was last edited on 25 March 2024, at 17:10
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