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Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1916 were held for members of the 65th Congress, coinciding with the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson.
Wilson eked out a narrow re-election, but his Democratic Party lost seats to the Republican Party. Wilson's hybrid approach, which injected a progressive element into Democratic policies, had proved to be dissatisfying to much of the nation. International affairs also became important in the traditionally non-interventionist United States, as voters attempted to determine which party would be best served to keep the nation from entering The Great War.
Republicans actually won a plurality of seats in the 1916 election. Even so, when the 65th Congress convened in April 1917, the Democrats narrowly maintained control of the House, forming an alliance with third-party (Progressive and Socialist) members. Not since the 34th Congress (1855–57) had the party with the most seats not been part of the ruling government. This Congress is the last example to date of a type of coalition holding power in the House, rather than a single party winning a majority of seats.
Jeannette Rankin, a Republican from Montana, became the first woman ever elected to congress.
Special elections
There were special elections in 1916 to the 64th United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 2 | William G. Brown Jr. | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent died March 9, 1916. New member elected May 9, 1916. Republican gain. Successor was later re-elected, see below. |
|
California 10 | William Stephens | Progressive | 1910 | Incumbent resigned July 22, 1916 to become Lieutenant Governor of California. New member elected November 7, 1916. Progressive hold. Successor was not elected to the next term, see below. |
|
Mississippi 5 | |||||
Virginia 7 | James Hay | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1916 to become Judge of the United States Court of Claims. New member elected November 7, 1916. Democratic hold. Successor was also elected to the next term, see below. |
|
Election summaries
214 | 5 | 216 |
Democratic | [e] | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Progressive | Republican | Others | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District[f] | 10 | 10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arizona | At-large | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | District | 7 | 7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
California | District | 11 | 4 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
1[g] | ![]() |
Colorado | District | 4 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District | 5 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Florida | District | 4 | 4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Georgia | District | 12 | 12 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Idaho | At-large | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Illinois | District +2 at-large |
27 | 6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
21 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Indiana | District | 13 | 4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Iowa | District | 11 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
11 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kansas | District | 8 | 5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | District | 11 | 9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Louisiana | District | 8 | 7 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine[h] | District | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maryland | District | 6 | 4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Massachusetts | District | 16 | 4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
12 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Michigan | District | 13 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
12 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Minnesota | District | 10 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Mississippi | District | 8 | 8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Missouri | District | 16 | 14 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Montana | At-large | 2 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nebraska | District | 6 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Jersey | District | 12 | 3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Mexico | At-large | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New York | District | 43 | 16 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
26 | ![]() |
1[i] | ![]() |
North Carolina | District | 10 | 10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
North Dakota | District | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Ohio | District | 22 | 13 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Oklahoma | District | 8 | 6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Oregon | District | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | District +4 at-large |
36 | 6 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
29 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Rhode Island | District | 3 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Dakota | District | 3 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Texas | District +2 at-large |
18 | 18 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Utah | District | 2 | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Vermont | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Virginia | District | 10 | 9 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Washington | District | 5 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
West Virginia | District[f] | 6 | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Wisconsin | District | 11 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
11 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Total | 435 | 214 49.2% |
![]() |
3 0.7% |
![]() |
216[j] 49.7% |
![]() |
2[k] 0.5% |
![]() |
The Democrats retained control of the House by forming a coalition with the three Progressive members and the single Socialist member, combining to form a razor-thin majority of 218 Representatives.
Early election date
Maine held its election early, on September 11, 1916. There had previously been multiple states with earlier elections, but between 1914 and 1958, Maine was alone in holding early elections.
Alabama
Arkansas
Arizona
California
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | William Kent | Independent | 1910 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
California 2 | John E. Raker | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 3 | Charles F. Curry | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 5 | John I. Nolan | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 6 | John A. Elston | Progressive | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 7 | Denver S. Church | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 8 | Everis A. Hayes | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 9 | Charles H. Randall | Prohibition | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 10 | Vacant | William Stephens (Progressive) had resigned July 22, 1916 to become Lieutenant Governor of California. New member elected. Republican gain. Successor was not elected to finish the term. |
| ||
California 11 | William Kettner | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas 1 | Daniel R. Anthony Jr. | Republican | 1907 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 2 | Joseph Taggart | Democratic | 1911 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Kansas 3 | Philip P. Campbell | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 4 | Dudley Doolittle | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 5 | Guy T. Helvering | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 6 | John R. Connelly | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 7 | Jouett Shouse | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 8 | William A. Ayres | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland 1 | Jesse Price | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 2 | J. Frederick C. Talbott | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 3 | Charles Pearce Coady | Democratic | 1913 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 4 | John Charles Linthicum | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd II | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 6 | David John Lewis | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
This was the last time Montana used an at-large district until its representation was reduced to one in 1992. This was also the first time a woman was elected to Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
John M. Evans | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tom Stout | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | Frederick C. Hicks | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 2 | C. Pope Caldwell | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 3 | Joseph V. Flynn | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 4 | Harry H. Dale | Democratc | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 5 | James P. Maher | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 6 | Frederick W. Rowe | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 7 | John J. Fitzgerald | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 8 | Daniel J. Griffin | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
New York 9 | Oscar W. Swift | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 10 | Reuben L. Haskell | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 11 | Daniel J. Riordan | Democratic | 1906 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 12 | Meyer London | Socialist | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 13 | George W. Loft | Democratic | 1913 (Special) | Incumbent retired.
New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 14 | Michael F. Farley | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York 15 | Michael F. Conry | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 16 | Peter J. Dooling | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 17 | John F. Carew | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
New York 18 | Thomas G. Patten | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York 19 | Walter M. Chandler | Progressive | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected.
Republican gain. |
|
New York 20 | Isaac Siegel | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 21 | G. Murray Hulbert | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 22 | Henry Bruckner | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 23 | William S. Bennet | Republican | 1915 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 24 | Woodson R. Oglesby | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York 25 | James W. Husted | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 26 | Edmund Platt | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 27 | Charles B. Ward | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 28 | Rollin B. Sanford | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 29 | James S. Parker | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 30 | William B. Charles | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent retired.
New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 31 | Bertrand H. Snell | Republican | 1915 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 32 | Luther W. Mott | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 33 | Homer P. Snyder | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 34 | George W. Fairchild | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 35 | Walter W. Magee | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 36 | Norman J. Gould | Republican | 1915 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 37 | Harry H. Pratt | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 38 | Thomas B. Dunn | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 39 | Henry G. Danforth | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
New York 40 | S. Wallace Dempsey | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 41 | Charles B. Smith | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 42 | Daniel A. Driscoll | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
New York 43 | Charles M. Hamilton | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina
North Dakota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota 1 | Henry Thomas Helgesen | Republican | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Dakota 2 | George M. Young | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Dakota 3 | Patrick Daniel Norton | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | Richard S. Whaley | Democratic | 1913 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | James F. Byrnes | Democratic | 1910 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Samuel J. Nicholls | Democratic | 1915 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | J. Willard Ragsdale | Democratic | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota 1 | Charles H. Dillon | Republican | 1912 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota 2 | Royal C. Johnson | Republican | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota 3 | Harry L. Gandy | Democratic | 1914 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Non-voting delegates
Alaska Territory
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alaska Territory at-large | James Wickersham | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Wickersham would later successfully contest the election and was seated January 7, 1919.
See also
Notes
- ^ Maine held early elections on September 11, 1916.
- ^ Democrats maintained control of the U.S. House after the 1916 elections by forming a 218-member coalition with the three Progressive members and the one Socialist member.
- ^ This includes votes for those who ran primarily on the Washington Party Ballot Line.
- ^ Alvan Tufts Fuller would run as an Independent in 9th District of Massachusetts, defeating long-time Republican Congressman Ernest Roberts. Fuller had rejoined the Republican Party earlier in the year, and would caucus with the Republican Party upon being sworn into the House.
- ^ Progressives won 3 seats, and there was 1 Prohibitionist and 1 Socialist.
- ^ a b At-large seat eliminated in redistricting.
- ^ Prohibition
- ^ Elections held early.
- ^ Socialist
- ^ Includes 1 Independent Republican.
- ^ 1 Socialist and 1 Prohibition.
References
- ^ "Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1916". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 07, 1916". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1916). Maryland Manual 1916-17. Annapolis: The Advertiser-Republican. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
