The following is a list of events from 1857 in art.
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Millet, The Gleaners
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Why Did People Stick One Hand in Their Jackets in Old Photographs?
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The Mughals (1526-1707)
Transcription
(piano music) Man" We're looking at a Jean-Francois Millet painting The Gleaners from 1857. Now this is a painting that hangs in the Musee d'Orsay. It's an oddly soft painting. Woman: The colors are muted. The edges are soft of the figures. Man: And the brush is not tight, right? There's no hard lines. Woman: That's true. Strangely or perhaps ironically the subject that is depicted is very harsh. These three women are gleaners, which means that they are going out into the field after the harvest and basically picking up the leftovers of corn in this case that have fallen. They're basically rural beggers and this is a very old tradition. Man: So you can see that actually very clearly. You can see the great grain stacks in the distance and you can see a grain [?] or wagon really piled high. You can see the main, I almost want to say army of harvesters in the distance all bent over in this back-breaking work. You can see the large bundles of grain that have been gathered. But then in the foreground at some real distance from the main enterprise, you see these three women working in a kind of solitary way and one imagines their destitution. They are trying to feed their families. You can see the small bundles to their right that they have gathered as they clutch what they have found. Woman: Yeah, very, very small compared to the enormous harvest that has been yielded in the background. Man: You can also really make out the hierarchy. It's interesting because these women are large and substantial and in the foreground and clearly in that sense important monumentally even. But in a diminished scale, because they're far away, we have again the main enterprise and we have the people working, but then we have what seems to be a supervisor on horseback overseeing that operation, not even paying attention to these women, who are doing something so unimportant that it doesn't even bear his notice. Woman: When this painting was shown in the salon, it was criticized because it made people in the city in Paris who were at the salon have a sense of fearfulness of what would happen if people like this in these circumstances were radicalized and mobilized as they had been in the Revolution of 1848. Was there the potential for another revolution? What about the poverty and the countryside? There was something about these women that although we may see them as terribly sad and downtrodden, there was something about them in 1857 that was frightening to the Parisian populous. Man: You know, perhaps because of that, Millet has done something interesting. He has rendered these women doing this back-breaking labor right before us, but they're not in rags. They are seemingly well-fed and strong. And so there is something of a mixed message here. Woman: That goes back to the softness with which they're represented. There is a way that they are all below the horzion line. They are embraced by the landscape. There is a rhyming between the rounded forms of their backs. There is something lovely and beautiful about the composition at the very same time that we have this image of back-breaking labor. So perhaps Millet is giving us this very difficult image, but it's not as difficult as it could have been. Man: So he is softening the blow for us. He's making this more palatable to his audience. (piano music)
Events
- June 22 – The South Kensington Museum, predecessor of the Victoria and Albert Museum, is opened by Queen Victoria in London.[1]
- Lewis Carroll meets John Ruskin and begins to associate with the Pre-Raphaelites. In the same year, Ruskin publishes his Political Economy of Art.
- Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris and Pre-Raphaelite friends begin painting the Oxford Union murals; Jane Burden first models for them.
Exhibitions
- May 5–October 17 – The Art Treasures of Great Britain exhibition is held in Manchester, one of the largest such displays of all time.[2] Photographs are admitted.
Works
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- Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
- Le concert champêtre (Musée Condé, Chantilly)
- The Destruction of Sodom
- Gustave Courbet – Louis Guéymard as Robert le Diable
- Thomas Couture
- Jean-Léon Gérôme – The Duel After the Masquerade (Suite d'un bal masqué) (original version)
- Hiroshige – Prints from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo including Plum Park in Kameido and Sudden Shower over Shin-Ōhashi bridge and Atake
- Robert Howlett – Isambard Kingdom Brunel Standing Before the Launching Chains of the Great Eastern (photograph)
- Arthur Hughes – The Mother's Grave
- Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov – The Appearance of Christ Before the People (begun 1837)
- Rudolf Koller – Cow in a Vegetable Garden (Die Kuh im Krautgarten)
- Benjamin Williams Leader – A Quiet Pool in Glenfalloch
- John Frederick Lewis – The Coffee Bearer
- Octave Penguilly L'Haridon – Combat of the Thirty
- Daniel Maclise – Peter the Great at Deptford Dockyard
- John Everett Millais – A Dream of the Past: Sir Isumbras at the Ford
- Jean-François Millet (both Musée d'Orsay, Paris)
- The Angelus (original version)
- The Gleaners
- Philip Richard Morris – The Good Samaritan
- Emily Mary Osborn – Nameless and Friendless
- O. G. Rejlander – The Two Ways of Life (allegorical photomontage)
- Ernst Friedrich August Rietschel – Goethe–Schiller Monument
- Raden Saleh – The Arrest of Pangeran Diponegoro
- Jozef Van Lerius – Portrait of Henriette Mayer van den Bergh
- Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller – Corpus Christi Morning
- Henry Wallis – The Stonebreaker
- August Wredow – Iris Takes the Fallen Hero to Olympus (sculpture, Berlin)
Births
- February 12 – Eugène Atget, French photographer (died 1927)
- May 17 – Mary Devens, American pictorial photographer (died 1920)
- July 30 – Lucy Bacon, American Impressionist painter (died 1932)
- July 31 – Adolphe Willette, French illustrator (died 1926)
- September 10 – Adolphe Demange, French portrait painter (died 1927)
- September 22 – Étienne Terrus, French painter (died 1922)
- October 23 – Juan Luna, Filipino painter (died 1899)
- November 18 – Stanhope Forbes, British painter of the Newlyn school (died 1947)
- November 21 – Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Portuguese painter (died 1929)[3]
- December 7 – Uroš Predić, one of the top three Serbian Realist painters, along with Paja Jovanović and Đorđe Krstić (died 1953)
- December 8 – Anna Bilińska, Polish painter (died 1893)
- December 22 – W. W. Quatremain, English landscape painter (died 1930)
- December 23 – Georges Picard, French decorative artist and illustrator (died 1943)
- date unknown – Esther Kenworthy Waterhouse, English flower painter (died 1944)
Deaths
- January 30 – Agostino Aglio, Italian painter, decorator, and engraver (born 1777)
- March 18 – Nathan Cooper Branwhite, English miniature portrait painter, watercolourist and engraver (born c.1775)
- May 1 – Frederick Scott Archer, English sculptor and photographic pioneer (born 1813)
- May 16 – Vasily Tropinin, Russian painter (born 1776)
- June 11 – Moritz Retzsch, German painter and etcher (born 1779)
- October 10 – Thomas Crawford, American sculptor (born 1814)
- October 14 – Johan Christian Dahl, Norwegian landscape painter (born 1788)
- October 27 – John Blennerhassett Martin, American painter, engraver and lithographer (born 1797)
- November 14 – Cornelis Kruseman, Dutch painter (born 1797)
- December 3 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (born 1777)
- December 16 – William Havell, English landscape painter, part of the Havell family (born 1782)
- December 23 – Achille Devéria, French portrait painter and lithographer (born 1800)
- date unknown
- Nicholas Joseph Crowley, Irish portrait painter (born 1819)
- Luigi Rossini, Italian artist known for his etchings of ancient Roman architecture (born 1790)
References
- ^ Sheppard, F. H. W., ed. (1975). Survey of London XXXVIII: The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster. p. 99.
- ^ Exhib, Manchester art Treasures (1859). Exhibition of Art Treasures of the United Kingdom, held at Manchester in 1857: report of the Executive Committee.
- ^ Portugal: An Informative Review. Secretariado Nacional da Informação. 1964. p. 54.
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