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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 24th Congress were held in 1834 and 1835 during Andrew Jackson's second term as President of the United States.
Jacksonians benefitted from the president's continued popularity and the tight party organization of the nascent Democratic Party to win a large majority of House seats for the new Congress. Their primary opponents, the Anti-Jacksonians, were coalescing and unifying as the Whig Party, reducing the influence of single-issue parties, the Anti-Masonic Party (an anti-Masonry movement) and the Nullifier Party (a John C. Calhoun-led states' rights party that supported South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis in 1832 and 1833). The Whig Party evolved from the National Republican Party and these minor parties. It appealed to diverse opponents of Jackson, including voters who perceived him as autocratic and brash, voters supporting greater spending and development on institutions and infrastructure, anti-Masons, and former Federalists. As the balance of power in the House remained unchanged, with Jacksonians holding holding 143 seats, this was the smallest loss by a President's party in the House as a result of the so-called six-year itch.
When the House convened in December 1835, future president James K. Polk, a staunch Jacksonian, was elected speaker. He defeated the incumbent speaker, John Bell, a Jacksonian who had split with the president on the national bank and other issues. Bell subsequently aligned himself with the Anti-Jacksonians in the 24th Congress.
Contents
Election summaries
The States of Arkansas and Michigan were admitted during this Congress, adding 1 seat each.[1][2]
| 143 | 8 | 16 | 75 |
| Jacksonian | N | AM | Anti-Jacksonian |
| State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Jacksonian | Anti-Jacksonian | Anti-Masonic | Nullifier | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
| Delaware | At-large | November 11, 1834 | 1 | 0 | 
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Georgia | At-large | October 6, 1834 | 9 | 9 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Illinois | Districts | August 4, 1834 | 3 | 3 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Louisiana | Districts | July 7–9, 1834 | 3 | 1 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Maine | Districts | September 8, 1834 | 8 | 6 |  1
|
2 |  1
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Massachusetts | Districts | November 10, 1834 | 12 | 1 |
|
8 | 1
|
3 | 1
|
0 |
|
| New Jersey | At-large | October 14, 1834 | 6 | 6 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| New York | Districts | November 3–5, 1834 | 40 | 31 | 1
|
9 | 9
|
0 | 8
|
0 |
|
| Ohio | Districts | October 14, 1834 | 19 | 9 | 2
|
9 | 3
|
1 | 1
|
0 |
|
| Pennsylvania | Districts | October 14, 1834 | 28 | 17 | 3
|
3 | 1
|
8 | 2
|
0 |
|
| South Carolina | Districts | October 13–14, 1834 | 9 | 2 | 1
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
7 | 1
|
| Vermont | Districts | September 2, 1834 | 5 | 0 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
| 1835 elections | |||||||||||
| Alabama | Districts | August 3, 1835 | 5 | 3 | 1
|
1 | 1
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
| Connecticut | At-large | April 9, 1835 | 6 | 6 | 6
|
0 | 6
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Indiana | Districts | August 3, 1835 | 7 | 6 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Kentucky | Districts | August 5, 1835 | 13 | 4 |
|
9 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Maryland | Districts | October 5, 1835 | 8 | 4 | 2
|
4 | 2
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Michigan[d] | At-large | October 5, 1835 | 1 | 1 | 1
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Mississippi | At-large | November 3–5, 1835 | 2 | 1 | 1
|
1 | 1
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Missouri | At-large | August 3, 1835 | 2 | 1 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| New Hampshire | At-large | March 10, 1835 | 5 | 5 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| North Carolina | Districts | August 13, 1835 | 13 | 6 |
|
7 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Rhode Island | At-large | August 25, 1835 | 2 | 0 |
|
0 | 1
|
2 | 1
|
0 |
|
| Tennessee | Districts | August 5–6, 1835 | 13 | 4 | 8
|
9 | 8
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Virginia | Districts | April, 1835 | 21 | 16 | 2
|
5 | 2
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| 1836 elections | |||||||||||
| Arkansas[d] | At-large | August 1, 1836 | 1 | 1 | 1
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
| Total[b] | 242 2
|
143 59.1% |
|
75 31.0% |
12
|
16 6.6% |
9
|
8 3.3% |
1
| ||
Pennsylvania
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates[3][e] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania 1 | Joel B. Sutherland | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joel B. Sutherland (Jacksonian) 61.7% James Gowen (?) 38.3% |
| Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats |
Horace Binney | Anti-Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
√ Joseph R. Ingersoll (Anti-Jacksonian) 60.4%[e] √ James Harper (Anti-Jacksonian) 59.9% James M. Linnard (Jacksonian) 40.1% Henry Horn (Jacksonian) 39.6% |
| James Harper | Anti-Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Pennsylvania 3 | John G. Watmough | Anti-Jacksonian | 1830 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
√ Michael W. Ash (Jacksonian) 55.6% John G. Watmough (Anti-Jacksonian) 44.4% |
| Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats |
William Hiester | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Hiester (Anti-Masonic) 55.0%[e] √ David Potts Jr. (Anti-Masonic) 55.0% √ Edward Darlington (Anti-Masonic) 54.9% Archibald T. Dick (Jacksonian) 45.1% Benjamin Champneys (Jacksonian) 45.0% John Morgan (Jacksonian) 45.0% |
| Edward Darlington | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| David Potts Jr. | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Pennsylvania 5 | Joel K. Mann | Jacksonian | 1830 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Jacob Fry Jr. (Jacksonian) 55.3% James Royer (?) 44.7% |
| Pennsylvania 6 | Robert Ramsey | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
√ Mathias Morris (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.4% Henry Chapman (Jacksonian) 47.6% |
| Pennsylvania 7 | David D. Wagener | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ David D. Wagener (Jacksonian) 68.1% Alexander E. Brown (?) 31.9% |
| Pennsylvania 8 | Henry King | Jacksonian | 1830 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
√ Edward B. Hubley (Jacksonian) 59.6% Walter C. Livingston (?) 40.4% |
| Pennsylvania 9 | Henry A. P. Muhlenberg | Jacksonian | 1828 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (Jacksonian) 69.3% Stanly Kirby (?) 30.7% |
| Pennsylvania 10 | William Clark | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Clark (Anti-Masonic) 54.0% John C. Bucher (Jacksonian) 46.0% |
| Pennsylvania 11 | Charles A. Barnitz | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
√ Henry Logan (Jacksonian) 54.2% Charles A. Barnitz (Anti-Masonic) 45.8% |
| Pennsylvania 12 | George Chambers | Anti-Masonic | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ George Chambers (Anti-Masonic) 59.8% Ludwig Heck (Jacksonian) 40.2% |
| Pennsylvania 13 | Jesse Miller | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Jesse Miller (Jacksonian) 51.4% Thomas Whiteside (Anti-Masonic) 48.6% |
| Pennsylvania 14 | Joseph Henderson | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph Henderson (Jacksonian) 52.5% James Milliken (Anti-Masonic) 47.5% |
| Pennsylvania 15 | Andrew Beaumont | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Andrew Beaumont (Jacksonian) 56.1% Charles D. Shoemaker (?) 43.9% |
| Pennsylvania 16 | Joseph B. Anthony | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph B. Anthony (Jacksonian) 62.8% Samuel J. Packer (?) 37.2% |
| Pennsylvania 17 | John Laporte | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Laporte (Jacksonian) 56.8% Horrace Williston 43.2% |
| Pennsylvania 18 | George Burd | Anti-Jacksonian | 1830 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
√ Job Mann (Jacksonian) 54.6% Charles Ogle (Anti-Masonic) 45.4% |
| Pennsylvania 19 | Richard Coulter | Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian hold. |
√ John Klingensmith Jr. (Jacksonian) 59.7% Richard Coulter (Jacksonian) 40.3% |
| Pennsylvania 20 | Andrew Stewart | Anti-Masonic | 1820 1830 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. |
√ Andrew Buchanan (Jacksonian) 58.9% Andrew Stewart (Anti-Masonic) 41.1% |
| Pennsylvania 21 | Thomas M. T. McKennan | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas M. T. McKennan (Anti-Masonic) 51.3% Thomas Ringland (Jacksonian) 48.7% |
| Pennsylvania 22 | Harmar Denny | Anti-Masonic | 1829 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Harmar Denny (Anti-Masonic) 53.5% John M. Snowden (Jacksonian) 46.5% |
| Pennsylvania 23 | Samuel S. Harrison | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Samuel S. Harrison (Jacksonian) 69.9% John Gilmore (?) 30.1% |
| Pennsylvania 24 | John Banks | Anti-Masonic | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Banks (Anti-Masonic) 52.2% Samuel Power (Jacksonian) 47.8% |
| Pennsylvania 25 | John Galbraith | Jacksonian | 1832 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John Galbraith (Jacksonian) 60.6% Thomas H. Sill (Anti-Masonic) 39.4% |
See also
Notes
- ^ Excludes states admitted during the 24th Congress.
- ^ a b c Includes late elections.
- ^ a b c d There are significant discrepancies among the sources, e.g. Dubin (pg. 113), Martis (pg. 93), and Moore (pg. 960-963), in regards to the party figures from the 1834 U.S. House elections (particularly on the number of Anti-Mason members (and which members were elected as Anti-Masons or not), and whether Dixon H. Lewis of AL-04 was a "Nullifier" or a Democrat), so deferring to Martis, pg. 93 (and "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives.) on the party figures for 1834.
- ^ a b New state
- ^ a b c For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats
References
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
This page was last edited on 7 June 2019, at 20:36