152 mm gun M1910/30

152-mm gun model 1910/30
Soviet 152-mm gun M1910/30 howitzer, displayed at The Artillery Museum of Finland.
Type	Howitzer
Place of origin	USSR
Production history
Manufacturer	Krasniy Putilovets, Barrikady, Bolshevik
No. built	152
Specifications
Mass	combat: 2,580 kg (5,688 lb) travel: 3,230 kg (7,121 lb)
Barrel length	4.3 m (14 ft 1 in) L/29 (without muzzle brake)

Caliber	152.4 mm (6.00 in)
Breech	interrupted screw
Recoil	hydro-pneumatic
Carriage	single trail
Elevation	-6° to 39°
Traverse	4°
Rate of fire	2-4 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity	570–660 m/s (1,900–2,200 ft/s) depending on charge/projectile
Effective firing range	9,850 m (6,12 mi)

152-mm gun model 1910/30 was a Soviet howitzer, a modernization of World War I era 152 mm siege gun M1910. The gun was briefly used by Red Army in the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Description

M1910/30 was powerful long range gun with big (40°) maximum elevation. It was equipped with interrupted screw breechblock and recoil system consisting of hydraulic buffer and hydro-pneumatic recuperator. The carriage was of single trail type and had metal wheels with solid tires. The crew was protected by 7 mm shield.

In transportation, the barrel was removed and transported separately. It took some 10–15 minutes to set the gun up for combat and up to 23 minutes to make it ready for transportation.

Development and production history

The gun resulted from a modernization of the 152-mm siege gun M1910, initially developed by Schneider. The upgrading project was prepared by the design bureau of the Main Artillery Directorate, its main purpose was to increase range. The changes included:

Lengthened chamber
Mounting of muzzle brake
Reduced (from 1,000 mm to 950 mm) recoil distance
The trail was lengthened (to 2 m)
Trunnion rings were moved 50 mm forward

In 1930 the modernized gun was adopted as 152-mm gun model 1910/30 (Russian: 152-мм пушка образца 1910/30 годов).

The production began in 1930 at Krasniy Putilovets plant. Later Barrikady and Bolshevik plants joined the production effort. In addition to newly built pieces, all existing M1910 guns were converted to the new standard; the conversion was finished by 1 November 1936.

Since the upgrade of 1930 didn't address a problem of limited mobility, in 1934 additional modernization was performed, resulting in 152-mm gun M1910/34. In 1935 the production of M1910/30 was stopped.

Organization and service

According to Red Army organization, 152-mm guns were employed by corps artillery and by the Reserve of the Main Command, typically instead of 152-mm gun-howitzer M1937 (ML-20). Heavy gun regiments of Reserve of the Main Command had 24 pieces each.

At the outbreak of Operation Barbarossa (Nazigermany's invasion of the Soviet Union) in June 1941, the Red Army possessed some 120-150 M1910/30s.^[1] They undoubtfully saw combat in the war, though due to their limited number the details of their service are unknown.

One piece was captured by the Finnish Army. That gun is currently on display in Hämeenlinna The Artillery Museum of Finland. The Germans assigned the M1910/30 the designation 15.2cm K 438(r).^[2]

Summary

The M1910/30 was a result of limited modernization of World War I era weapon, which didn't address its insufficient mobility (due to lack of suspension and separate transportation of barrel) and limited traverse.

On the other hand, the Red Army liked the ballistic characteristics of the gun. Subsequent modernizations, which concentrated mostly on the gun carriage, resulted in improved M1910/34 and eventually in the famous ML-20.

Ammunition

Ammunition table

Model (en)	Model (ru)	Type		Weight, shell	Weight, HE-filler	Muzzle velocity	Range	Note
Armor-piercing shells
mod. M1915/28	обр. 1915/28 гг.	SAPHE	nav.	51.07 kg (112.6 lb)	3.20 kg (7.055 lb)	573 m/s (1,880 ft/s)	5,000 m (3.1 mi)
BR-540	БР-540	APHE		48.80 kg (107.6 lb)	0.66 kg (1.455 lb)	600 m/s (2,000 ft/s)	4,000 m (2.5 mi)
BR-540B	БР-540Б	APHE-BC	–	46.50 kg (102.5 lb)	0.48 kg (1.058 lb)	600 m/s (2,000 ft/s)	4,000 m (2.5 mi)	BR-540 with ballistic cap, late 1944
BP-540	БП-540	HEAT	–	27.44 kg (60.49 lb)	?	680 m/s (2,200 ft/s)	3,000 m (1.9 mi)
Anti-concrete shells
G-530	Г-530	AC	how.	40.00 kg (88.18 lb)	5.10 kg (11.24 lb)	665 m/s (2,180 ft/s)	15,600 m (9.7 mi)
G-530Sh	Г-530Ш	AC-F	how.	40.00 kg (88.18 lb)	4.89 kg (10.78 lb)^[3]	665 m/s (2,180 ft/s)	15,600 m (9.7 mi)
G-545	Г-545	AC	cnn.	56.00 kg (123.5 lb)	4.20 kg (9.259 lb)	?	?
High-explosive fragmentation shells
OF-530	ОФ-530	HEF (ST)	how.	40.00 kg (88.18 lb)	5.47 kg (12.06 lb) min. 5.86 kg (12.92 lb) max.	?	?
OF-530A	ОФ-530А	HEF (CS)	how.	40.00 kg (88.18 lb)	5.66 kg (12.48 lb)	?	?
OF-540	ОФ-540	HEF (ST)	cnn.	43.60 kg (96.12 lb)	5.90 kg (13.01 lb) min. 6.25 kg (13.78 lb) max.	650 m/s (2,100 ft/s)	16,800 m (10.4 mi)
OF-540Zh	ОФ-540Ж	HEF (ST)	cnn.	43.60 kg (96.12 lb)	5.90 kg (13.01 lb) min. 6.25 kg (13.78 lb) max.	?	?
High-explosive shells
F-521	Ф-521	HE	how.	41.70 kg (91.93 lb)	7.70 kg (16.98 lb)	?	?	152 mm mortar M1931 (NM) shell
F-531	Ф-531	HE (ST)	how.	44.91 kg (99.01 lb)	5.70 kg (12.57 lb)	?	?	152 mm Vickers howitzer shell
F-533	Ф-533	HE	how.	40.41 kg (89.09 lb)	8.00 kg (17.64 lb)	?	?
F-533K	Ф-533К	HE	how.	40.68 kg (89.68 lb)	7.30 kg (16.09 lb)	?	?
F-533N	Ф-533Н	HE	how.	41.00 kg (90.39 lb)	7.30 kg (16.09 lb)	?	?
F-533U	Ф-533У	HE	how.	40.80 kg (89.95 lb)	8.80 kg (19.40 lb)	?	?
F-534F	Ф-534Ф	HE (CS)	how.	41.10 kg (90.61 lb)	3.90 kg (8.598 lb)	?	?
F-542	Ф-542	HE (OP)	cnn.	38.10 kg (84.00 lb)	5.86 kg (12.92 lb)	660 m/s (2,200 ft/s)	13,800 m (8.6 mi)
F-542Sh	Ф-542Ш	HE (RP)	cnn.	40.60 kg (89.51 lb)	6.06 kg (13.36 lb)	650 m/s (2,100 ft/s)	12,800 m (8.0 mi)
F-542G	Ф-542Г	HE (OP)	cnn.	38.52 kg (84.92 lb)	5.83 kg (12.85 lb)	?	?
F-542ShG	Ф-542ШГ	HE (RP)	cnn.	41.00 kg (90.39 lb)	5.93 kg (13.07 lb)	?	?
F-542U	Ф-542У	HE (OP)	cnn.	38.36 kg (84.57 lb)	5.77 kg (12.72 lb)	?	?
F-542ShU	Ф-542ШУ	HE (RP)	cnn.	40.86 kg (90.08 lb)	5.96 kg (13.14 lb)	?	?
Shrapnel shells
Sh-501	Ш-501	shrapnel	–	41.16 kg (90.74 lb) min. 41.83 kg (92.22 lb) max.	0.50 kg (1.102 lb)	?	?	680–690 shots, 45 sec fuze
Sh-501T	Ш-501Т	shrapnel	–	41.16 kg (90.74 lb)	0.50 kg (1.102 lb)	?	?	680–690 shots, suffix: Т-6 fuze
Illumination shells
S 1	С 1	star shell	–	40.20 kg (88.63 lb)	?	?	?	illumination, 40 sec
Chemical shells
HS-530	ХС-530	C	how.	38.80 kg (85.54 lb)	?	?	?
HN-530	ХН-530	C	how.	39.10 kg (86.20 lb)	?	?	?
OH-540	ОХ-540	HE-C	cnn.	?	?	?	?
ZHZ	ЗХЗ	C		?	?	?	?
Main source:^[4]

Ammunition abbreviations

English abbreviations

AC – anti-concrete
AC-F – anti-concrete fragmentation
APHE – armour-piercing high-explosive
APHE-BC – armour-piercing high-explosive ballistic-capped
cnn. – cannon shell
(CS) – cast steel shell
how. – howitzer shell
HE – high-explosive
HE-C – high-explosive chemical
HEF – high-explosive fragmentation
HEAT – high-explosive anti-tank
max. – maximum
min. – minimum
nav. – naval shell
(OP) – ogive point shell (остроголовая граната)
(RP) – round point shell (тупоголовая граната)
SAPHE – semi armour-piercing high-explosive
(ST) – steel shell

Russian abbreviations

БР – prefix: бронебойные (armour-piercing)
БП – prefix: бронебойный противотанковый (armour-piercing anti-tank)
Г – prefix: гаубичный (howitzer) or граната (shell)
Ж suffix: – железокерамическим пояском (cermet driving band)
ЗХЗ – prefix: зона химического заражения (zone of chemical contamination)
обр. – о́браз (mod)
ОФ – prefix: осколочно фугасный (fragmentation high-explosive)
ОХ – prefix: осколочно химический (fragmentation chemical)
С – prefix: световой (luminous)
Ф – prefix: фугасный (high-explosive) – suffix: французский (French)
ХН – prefix: химический нестойкими (chemical unstable)
ХС – prefix: химический стойкими (chemical persistent)
Ш – prefix: шрапнель (shrapnel shell) – suffix: шрапнель (shrapnel)

Armour penetration table

Distance	60° impact angle	90° impact angle
APHE shell BR-540
0,500 m (0.31 mi)	105 mm (4.1 in)	125 mm (4.9 in)
1,000 m (0.62 mi)	95 mm (3.7 in)	115 mm (4.5 in)
1,500 m (0.93 mi)	85 mm (3.3 in)	105 mm (4.1 in)
2,000 m (1.2 mi)	75 mm (3.0 in)	90 mm (3.5 in)
APHE-BC shell BR-540B
0,500 m (0.31 mi)	105 mm (4.1 in)	130 mm (5.1 in)
1,000 m (0.62 mi)	100 mm (3.9 in)	120 mm (4.7 in)
1,500 m (0.93 mi)	95 mm (3.7 in)	115 mm (4.5 in)
2,000 m (1.2 mi)	85 mm (3.3 in)	105 mm (4.1 in)
SAPHE naval shell mod. M1915/28
0,100 m (0.062 mi)	110 mm (4.3 in)	136 mm (5.4 in)
0,500 m (0.31 mi)	104 mm (4.1 in)	128 mm (5.0 in)
1,000 m (0.62 mi)	97 mm (3.8 in)	119 mm (4.7 in)
1,500 m (0.93 mi)	91 mm (3.6 in)	111 mm (4.4 in)
2,000 m (1.2 mi)	95 mm (3.7 in)	105 mm (4.1 in)
This data was obtained by Soviet methodics of armour penetration measurement (penetration probability equals 75%). It is not directly comparable with western data of similar type. Main source:^[5]

Notes

^ 121 according to http://www.soldat.ru/doc/mobilization/mob/table17.html, 150 according to Ivanov
^ Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Heavy artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. ISBN 0668038985. OCLC 2143869.
^ "152mm G-530 Projectile". cat-uxo.com. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
^ Shirokorad A. B. - Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery
^ Shirokorad A. B. - Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery

References

Shirokorad A. B. - Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery - Mn. Harvest, 2000 (Широкорад А. Б. Энциклопедия отечественной артиллерии. — Мн.: Харвест, 2000., ISBN 985-433-703-0)
Ivanov A. - Artillery of the USSR in Second World War - SPb Neva, 2003 (Иванов А. Артиллерия СССР во Второй Мировой войне. — СПб., Издательский дом Нева, 2003., ISBN 5-7654-2731-6)
Shunkov V. N. - The Weapons of the Red Army - Mn. Harvest, 1999 (Шунков В. Н. - Оружие Красной Армии. — Мн.: Харвест, 1999., ISBN 985-433-469-4)

v t e Soviet artillery of World War II (naming convention)
Anti-tank guns	37 mm anti-tank gun M1930 (1-K) 45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K) 45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K) 45 mm anti-tank gun M1942 (M-42) 57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2) 100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) 100 mm D-10 tank gun
Mountain guns	76 mm mountain gun M1909 (76-09) 76 mm mountain gun M1938
Regimental guns	76 mm regimental gun M1927 76 mm regimental gun M1943 (OB-25)
Divisional guns	76 mm divisional gun M1902/30 76 mm divisional gun M1933 76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22) 76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV) 76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) 85 mm divisional gun D-44 107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60) 122 mm howitzer M1909/37 122 mm howitzer M1910/30 122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) 152 mm mortar M1931 (NM)
Corps and army level guns	107 mm gun M1910/30 122 mm gun M1931 (A-19) 122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19) 152 mm howitzer M1909/30 152 mm gun M1910/30 152 mm gun M1910/34 152 mm howitzer M1910/37 152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10) 152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1) 152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20)
Very heavy guns	152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2) 203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4) 210 mm gun M1939 (Br-17) 280 mm howitzer M1914/15 280 mm mortar M1939 (Br-5) 305 mm howitzer M1939 (Br-18)
Air defense guns	25 mm automatic air defense gun M1940 (72-K) 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) 45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K) 76 mm air defense gun M1931 76 mm air defense gun M1938 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K)